The 2003 European Union security strategy: A critical appraisal

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 117-133

  Toje, Asle ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 22544443498     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.54648/eerr2005005     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. For a comparative analysis of the ESS and the corresponding 1999 NATO Strategic Concept and the 2002 US National Security Strategy, see Simon Duke, 'The European Security Strategy in a Comparative Framework: Does it make for Secure Alliances in a Better World?' (2004) 9 EFA Rev, pp. 459-481.
2. The White House, 'The National Security Strategy of the United States of America', Washington D.C., September 2002.
3. See Tarak Barkawi, 'Strategy as a Vocation: Weber, Morgenthau and Modern Strategic Studies' (1998) 24/2 Review of International Studies.
4. Anne Deighton, 'Militarising the European Union' (2000) Research Notes, Centre d'études des politique étrangères et de sécurité (CÉPÉS).
5. Robert E. Hunter, 'The US and the EU: Bridging the Strategic Gap?' (2004) 1 The International Spectator, p. 36.
6. See Jack Snyder, 'The Soviet Strategic Culture: Implications for Limited Nuclear Options', a project Air Force report prepared for the United States, Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, R-2154-AF, September 1977.
7. Alastair Iain Johnson, 'Thinking about Strategic Culture' (1995) 19/4 International Security.
8. See Per Martin Martinsen, 'The European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) - A European Strategic Culture in the Making', presented at the ECPR Conference, Marburg, 19 September 2003.
9. Geoffrey Edwards and Paul Cornish, 'Beyond the EU/NATO dichotomy: The beginnings of an EU strategic culture' (2001) 77/3 International Affairs^ pp. 587-603. A
10. lso see Steven Everts, Lawrence Freedman, Charles Grant, François Heisbourg, Daniel Keohane and Michael O'Hanlon, 'A European Way of War' (2004) CER pamphlet, Centre for European Reform, London.
11. Sten Rynning, 'The European Union: Towards a Strategic Culture?' (2003) 34/4 Security Dialogue, p. 494.
12. See also Julian Lindley-French, 'Terms of Engagement: The paradox of American power and the transatlantic dilemma post-11 September' (2002) 52 Chaillot Paper.
13. Thomas Risse, Cooperation among Democracies - The European influence on U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1995).
14. Edward H. Carr, The Twenty Years' Crisis 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations (Palgrave, London, 2001), p. 191.
15. Hans Morgenthau makes a similar argument referring to 'imperialist' and 'status quo' powers In Politics among Nations: the Struggle for Power and Peace (A.A. Knopf, New York, 1992 edn), p. 38.
16. John van Oudenaren, 'Status Quo vs. Revisionist Policies in Transatlantic Relations', Research Note, University of Munich, July 2003.
17. Jean-marc Rickli, 'US and EU Security Strategies: Same Planet, Different Hemisphere' (2004) 1/1 Oxford Journal on Good Governance.
18. Benjamin Schreer and Asle Toje, 'Europe's success in Iran has a hollow ring', Financial Times, London, 23 October 2003.
19. n d edn, Little Brown Boston, 1977).
20. See Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida joint declaration, 'After the War: The Rebirth of Europe', in Germany's Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and France's La Liberation, 31 May 2003.
21. John Hillen, Blue Helmets: The Strategy of UN Military Operations (Brassey's, Washington, 1998), especially chps 6 and 7.
22. Robert Kagan, 'Coalition of the unwilling', Washington Post, 17 October 2001.
23. Condoleezza Rice, 'Promoting the National Interest' (2000) 79/1 Foreign Affairs, pp. 45-62.