Intracellular transport and pathways of carbon flow in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism

Functional Plant Biology

Volumn 32, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 429-449

  Holtum, Joseph A M ^a   Smith, J Andrew C ^b   Neuhaus, H Ekkehard ^c  

^a JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c Rheinland Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Landau   (Germany)

Author keywords

CAM; Photosynthetic carbon metabolism; Plant metabolite transport

Indexed keywords

CARBOHYDRATES; CARBON; CELLS; ENZYMES; METABOLISM; ORGANIC ACIDS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STARCH;

CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM (CAM); CYTOSOLS; INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT; VACUOLES;

PLANTS (BOTANY);

CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM;

CARBOHYDRATES; CARBON; CELLS; CHLOROPHYLLS; METABOLISM; ORGANIC ACIDS; PLANTS; PLASTIDS;

CRASSULACEAE; KALANCHOE; KALANCHOE DAIGREMONTIANA; MESEMBRYANTHEMUM; MESEMBRYANTHEMUM CRYSTALLINUM;

EID: 22344453536     PISSN: 14454408     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/FP04189     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (181)

1. André M, Thomas DA, von Willert DJ, Gerbaud A (1979) Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanges in crassulacean-acid-metabolism-plants. Planta 147, 141-144. doi: 10.1007/BF00389514
2. Allen GJ, Sanders D (1997) Vacuolar ion channels of higher plants. Advances in Botanical Research 25, 217-252.
3. 4 plants - a comparative study. Plant and Cell Physiology 33, 805-809.
4. 4 plants. Plant and Cell Physiology 35, 801-806.
5. Arron GP, Spalding MH, Edwards GE (1979) Isolation and oxidative properties of intact mitochondria from the leaves of Sedum praealtum a crassulacean acid metabolism plant. Plant Physiology 64, 182-186.
6. Ball E, Hann J, Kluge M, Lee HSJ, Lüttge U, Orthen B, Popp M, Schmitt A, Ting IP (1991) Ecophysiological comportment of the tropical CAM-tree Clusia in the field. II. Modes of photosynthesis in trees and seedlings. New Phytologist 117, 483-491.
7. +-ATPase in the halophytic plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Plant Physiology 109, 549-556.
8. Berkemeyer M, Scheibe R, Ocheretina O (1998) A novel, non-redox-regulated NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase from chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana L. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, 27927-27933. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.43.27927
9. Bettey M, Smith JAC (1993) Dicarboxylate transport at the vacuolar membrane of the CAM plant Kalanchoë daigremontiana: sensitivity to protein-modifying and sulphydryl reagents. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1152, 270-279.
10. Black CC, Carnal NW, Kenyon WH (1982) Compartmentation and the regulation of CAM. In 'Crassulacean acid metabolism'. (Eds IP Ting, M Gibbs) pp. 51-68. (American Society of Plant Physiologists: Rockville, MD)
11. Black CC, Chen J-Q, Doong RL, Angelov MN, Sung SJS (1996) Alternative carbohydrate reserves used in the daily cycle of crassulacean acid metabolism. In 'Crassulacean acid metabolism: biochemistry, ecophysiology and evolution'. (Eds K Winter, JAC Smith) pp. 31-45. (Springer-Verlag: Berlin)
12. Blasius B, Neff R, Beck F, Lüttge U (1999) Oscillatory model of crassulacean acid metabolism with a dynamic hysteresis switch. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 266, 93-101. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1999.0608
13. Bohn A, Hinderlich S, Hutt MT, Kaiser F, Lüttge U (2003) Identification of rhythmic subsystems in the circadian cycle of crassulacean acid metabolism under thermoperiodic perturbations. Biological Chemistry 384, 721-728. doi: 10.1515/BC.2003.080
14. Borland AM, Dodd AN (2002) Carbohydrate partitioning in crassulacean acid metabolism plants: reconciling potential conflicts of interest. Functional Plant Biology 29, 707-716. doi: 10.1071/PP01221
15. Borland AM, Taybi T (2004) Synchronization of metabolic processes in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 1255-1265. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erh105
16. Borland AM, Griffiths H, Maxwell C, Broadmeadow MSJ, Griffiths NM, Barnes JD (1992) On the ecophysiology of the Clusiaceae in Trinidad: expression of CAM in Clusia minor during the transition from wet to dry season and characterisation of three endemic species. New Phytologist 122, 349-357.
17. 3-CAM intermediate Clusia minor L. growing in Trinidad. Oecologia 95, 444-453. doi: 10.1007/BF00321001
18. 3-crassulacean acid metabolism intermediate Clusia minor L. growing in Trinidad. Plant Physiology 106, 493-501.
19. Borland AM, Griffiths H, Maxwell C, Fordham MC, Broadmeadow MSJ (1996) CAM induction in Clusia minor L. during the transition of wet to dry season in Trinidad: the role of organic acid speciation and decarboxylation. Plant, Cell and Environment 19, 655-664.
20. Borland AM, Tésci LI, Leegood RC, Walker RP (1998) Inducibility of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in Clusia species: physiological / biochemical characterisation and intercellular localization of carboxylation and decarboxylation processes in three species which exhibit different degrees of CAM. Planta 205, 342-351. doi: 10.1007/s004250050329
21. 2 fixation in crassulacean acid metabolism. Plant Physiology 121, 889-896. doi: 10.1104/pp.121.3.889
22. Bradbeer JW, Cockburn W, Ranson SL (1975) The labelling of the carboxyl carbon atoms of malate in Kalanchoë crenata leaves. In 'Environmental and biological control of photosynthesis'. (Ed. R Marcelle) pp. 265-372. (Dr W Junk: The Hague)
23. Bremberger C, Lüttge U (1992) Dynamics of tonoplast proton pumps and other tonoplast proteins of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum during the induction of crassulacean acid metabolism. Planta 188, 575-580. doi: 10.1007/BF00197051
24. Bremberger C, Haschke H-P, Lüttge U (1988) Separation and purification of the tonoplast ATPase and pyrophosphatase from plants with constitutive and inducible crassulacean acid metabolism. Planta 175, 465-470. doi: 10.1007/BF00393066
25. Brownell PF, Crossland CJ (1974) Growth responses to sodium by Bryophyllum tubiflorum under conditions inducing crassulacean-acid metabolism. Plant Physiology 54, 416-417.
26. Carter C, Pan S, Zouhar J, Avila EL, Girke T, Raikhel NV (2004) The vegetative vacuole proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals predicted and unpredicted proteins. The Plant Cell 16, 3285-3303. doi: 10.1105/tpc.104.027078
27. Carter PJ, Nimmo HG, Fewson CA, Wilkins MB (1991) Circadian rhythms in the activity of a plant protein kinase. EMBO Journal 10, 2063-2068.
28. Cheffings CM, Pantoja O, Ashcroft FM, Smith JAC (1997) Malate transport and vacuolar ion channels in CAM plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 48, 623-631.
29. Chen L-S, Nose A (2000) Characteristics of adenosinetriphosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase in tonoplast isolated from three CAM species, Ananas comosus, Kalanchoë pinnata and Kalanchoë daigremontiana. Plant Production Science 3, 24-31.
30. Christopher JT, Holtum JAM (1996) Patterns of carbon partitioning in leaves of crassulacean acid metabolism species during deacidification. Plant Physiology 112, 393-399.
31. 3 photosynthesis or crassulacean acid metabolism. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 25, 371-376.
32. Cook RM, Lindsay JG, Wilkins MB, Nimmo HG (1995) Decarboxylation of malate in the crassulacean acid metabolism plant Bryophyllum (Kalanchoë) fedtschenkoi. Role of NAD-malic enzyme. Plant Physiology 109, 1301-1307.
33. Crayn DM, Winter K, Smith JAC (2004) Multiple origins of crassulacean acid metabolism and the epiphytic habit in the Neotropical family Bromeliaceae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101, 3703-3708. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0400366101
34. Cushman JC (1993) Molecular cloning and expression of chloroplast NADP-malate dehydrogenase during crassulacean acid metabolism induced by salt stress. Photosynthesis Research 35, 15-27.
35. Cushman JC (2001) Crassulacean acid metabolism. A plastic photosynthetic adaptation to arid environments. Plant Physiology 127, 1439-1448. doi: 10.1104/pp.127.4.1439
36. Cushman JC, Bohnert HJ (1996) Transcriptional activation of CAM genes during development and environmental stress. In 'Crassulacean acid metabolism: biochemistry, ecophysiology and evolution'. (Eds K Winter, JAC Smith) pp. 135-158. (Springer-Verlag: Berlin)
37. Cushman JC, Bohnert HJ (1997) Molecular genetics of crassulacean acid metabolism. Plant Physiology 113, 667-676.
38. Cushman JC, Bohnert HJ (1999) Crassulacean acid metabolism: molecular genetics. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50, 305-332. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.305
39. Cushman JC, Bohnert HJ (2002) Induction of crassulacean acid metabolism by salinity - molecular aspects. In 'Salinity: environment - plants - molecules'. (Eds A Läuchli, U Lüttge) pp. 361-393. (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht)
40. Cushman JC, Borland AM (2002) Induction of crassulacean acid metabolism by water limitation. Plant, Cell and Environment 25, 295-310. doi: 10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00760.x
41. Davies JM, Poole RJ, Sanders D (1993) The computed free energy change of hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate and ATP: apparent significance for inorganic pyrophosphate-driven reactions of intermediary metabolism. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1141, 29-36.
42. Day DA (1980) Malate decarboxylation by Kalanchoë daigremontiana mitochondria and its role in crassulacean acid metabolism. Plant Physiology 65, 675-679.
43. 2 dark fixation. Planta 135, 241-248. doi: 10.1007/BF00384896
44. Deleens E, Garnier-Dardart J, Queiroz O (1979) Carbon isotope composition of intermediates of the starch-malate sequence and level of the crassulacean acid metabolism in leaves of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Tom Thumb. Planta 146, 441-449. doi: 10.1007/BF00380858
45. Demmig B, Winter K (1983) Photosynthetic characteristics of chloroplasts isolated from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum a halophilic plant capable of crassulacean acid metabolism. Planta 159, 66-76. doi: 10.1007/BF00998816
46. Dittrich P (1976) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific 'malic' enzyme in Kalanchoe daigremontiana and other plants exhibiting crassulacean acid metabolism. Plant Physiology 57, 310-314.
47. Dittrich P, Campbell WH, Black CC (1973) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in plants exhibiting crassulacean acid metabolism. Plant Physiology 52, 357-361.
48. Dodd AN, Borland AM, Haslam RP, Griffiths H, Maxwell K (2002) Crassulacean acid metabolism: plastic, fantastic. Journal of Experimental Botany 53, 569-580. doi: 10.1093/jexbot/53.369.569
49. Dodd AN, Griffiths H, Taybi T, Cushman JC, Borland AM (2003) Integrating diel starch metabolism with the circadian and environmental regulation of crassulacean acid metabolism in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Planta 216, 789-797.
50. Eicks M, Maurino V, Knappe S, Flügge U-I, Fischer K (2002) The plastidic pentose phosphate transporter represents an important link between the cytosolic and the plastidic pentose phosphate pathways in plants. Plant Physiology 128, 512-522. doi: 10.1104/pp.128.2.512
51. Emmerlich V, Linka N, Reinhold T, Hurth MA, Traub M, Martinoia E, Neuhaus HE (2003) The plant homolog to the human sodium / dicarboxylic cotransporter is the vacuolar malate carrier. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100, 11122-11126. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1832002100
52. Epimashko S, Meckel T, Fischer-Schliebs E, Lüttge U, Thiel G (2004) Two functionally different vacuoles for static and dynamic purposes in one plant mesophyll leaf cell. The Plant Journal 37, 294-300.
53. Flügge I-U, Stitt M, Heldt HW (1985) Light-driven uptake of pyruvate into mesophyll chloroplasts from maize. FEBS Letters 183, 335-339. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80805-X
54. Flügge U-I, Häusler RE, Ludewig F, Fischer K (2003) Functional genomics of phosphate antiport systems in plastids. Physiologia Plantarum 118, 475-482. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00137.x
55. Franco AC, Ball E, Lüttge U (1990) Patterns of gas exchange and organic acid oscillations in tropical trees of the genus Clusia. Oecologia 85, 108-114. doi: 10.1007/BF00317350
56. Franco AC, Ball E, Lüttge U (1992) Differential effects of drought and light levels on accumulation of citric and malic acids during CAM in Clusia. Plant, Cell and Environment 15, 821-829.
57. Giegé P, Heazlewood JL, Roessner-Tunali U, Millar AH, Fernie AR, Leaver CJ, Sweetlove LJ (2003) Enzymes of glycolysis are functionally associated with the mitochondrion in Arabidopsis cells. The Plant Cell 15, 2140-2151. doi: 10.1105/tpc.012500
58. +-ATPase in the common ice plant is developmentally controlled and tissue specific. Plant Physiology 125, 1643-1654. doi: 10.1104/pp.125.4.1643
59. 2 during crassulacean acid metabolism: alleviation of photoinhibition. Planta 179, 115-122. doi: 10.1007/BF00395778
60. 3-CAM plant Clusia minor L. Journal of Experimental Botany 43, 345-352.
61. 3 photosynthesis, or crassulacean acid metabolism, at the same field site in Venezuela. New Phytologist 134, 215-226.
62. Hafke JB, Neff R, Hütt MT, Lüttge U, Thiel G (2001) Day-to-night variations of cytoplasmic pH in a crassulacean acid metabolism plant. Protoplasma 216, 164-170.
63. Hafke JB, Hafke Y, Smith JAC, Lüttge U, Thiele G (2003) Vacuolar malate uptake is mediated by an anion-selective inward rectifier. The Plant Journal 35, 116-128. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01781.x
64. Hatch MD, Dröscher L, Flügge U-I, Heldt HW (1984) A specific translocator for oxaloacetate transport in chloroplasts. FEBS Letters 178, 15-19. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)81230-2
65. -, is the inorganic carbon substrate of NADP malic enzyme from maize and wheat germ. In 'Progress in photosynthesis research: III'. (Ed. J Biggins) pp. 527-530. (Martinus Nijhoff: The Hague)
66. Häusler RE, Baur B, Scharte J, Teichmann T, Eicks M, Fischer KL, Flügge U-I, Schubert S, Weber A, Fischer K (2000) Plastidic metabolite transporters and their physiological functions in the inducible crassulacean acid metabolism plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. The Plant Journal 24, 285-296. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00876.x
67. Heineke D, Kruse A, Flügge IU, Frommer WB, Riesmeier JW, Willmitzer L, Heldt HW (1994a) Effect of antisense repression on the chloroplast triose-phosphate translocator on photosynthetic metabolism in transgenic potato plants. Planta 193, 174-180. doi: 10.1007/BF00192527
68. Heineke D, Wildenberger K, Sonnewald U, Wilmitzer L, Heldt HW (1994b) Accumulation of hexoses in leaf vacuoles: studies with transgenic potato plants expressing yeast-derived invertase in the cytosol, vacuole or apoplasm. Planta 194, 29-33. doi: 10.1007/BF00201031
69. 3 to CAM in salt-stressed plants of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Journal of Plant Physiology 147, 38-42.
70. 4 plants: a review and synthesis. New Phytologist 161, 371-385. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.00970.x
71. Holtum JAM, Osmond CB (1981) The gluconeogenic metabolism of pyruvate during deacidification in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 8, 31-44.
72. Holtum JAM, Winter K (1982) Activity of enzymes of carbon metabolism during the induction of crassulacean acid metabolism in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Planta 155, 8-16. doi: 10.1007/BF00402925
73. Holtum JAM, Osmond CB (1995) The revolution in carbon partitioning and source-sink interactions in plants from the perspective of CAM. In 'Carbon-partitioning and source-sink interactions in plants'. (Eds MA Madore, WJ Lucas) pp. 1-12. (American Society of Plant Physiologists: Rockville, MD)
74. 13C Values and crassulacean acid metabolism in Clusia species from Panama. Trees - Structure and Function 18, 658-668. doi: 10.1007/s00468-004-0342-y
75. Hurth MA, Suh SJ, Kretzschmar T, Geis T, Bregante M, Gambale F, Martinoia E, Neuhaus HE (2005) Impaired pH homeostasis in Arabidopsis lacking the vacuolar dicarboxylate transporter and analysis of carboxylic acid transport across the tonoplast. Plant Physiology 137, 901-910.
76. Iwasaki I, Arata H, Kijima H, Nishimura M (1992) Two types of channels involved in the malate ion transport across the tonoplast of a crassulacean acid metabolism plant. Plant Physiology 98, 1494-1497.
77. Kalt W, Osmond CB, Siedow JN (1990) Malate metabolism in the dark after carbon-13-labeled carbon dioxide fixation in the crassulacean plant Kalanchoe tubiflora. Plant Physiology 94, 826-832.
78. Kelly GJ, Latzko E (1977) Chloroplast phosphofructokinase. I. Proof of phosphofructokinase activity in chloroplasts. Plant Physiology 60, 290-294.
79. Kenyon WH, Severson RF, Black CC (1985) Maintenance carbon cycle in crassulacean acid metabolism leaves. Plant Physiology 77, 183-189.
80. 3 and CAM state. Botanica Acta 103, 24-31.
81. Kluge C, Lamkemeyer P, Tavakoli N, Golldack D, Kandlbinder A, Dietz KJ (2003) cDNA cloning of 12 subunits of the V-type ATPase from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and their expression under stress. Molecular Membrane Biology 20, 171-183. doi: 10.1080/0968768031000084154
82. 2-Fütterung von Bryophyllum tubiflorum zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten der Hell-Dunkel-Periode. I. Die Fütterung unter Belichtung. Planta 88, 113-129.
83. Kondo A, Nose A, Ueno O (2001) Coordinated accumulation of the chloroplastic and cytosolic pyruvate, Pi dikinases with enhanced expression of CAM in Kalanchoë blossfeldiana. Physiologia Plantarum 111, 116-122. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1110115.x
84. Kondo A, Nose A, Yuasa H, Ueno O (2000) Species variation in the intracellular localization of pyruvate, Pi dikinase in leaves of crassulacean-acid-metabolism plants: an immunogold electron-microscope study. Planta 210, 611-621. doi: 10.1007/s004250050051
85. 3-CAM transition. Plant and Cell Physiology 38, 895-901.
86. Kore-eda S, Yamashita T, Kanai R (1996) Induction of light dependent pyruvate transport into chloroplasts of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum by salt stress. Plant and Cell Physiology 37, 257-262.
87. Kore-eda S, Cushman MA, Akselrod I, Bufford D, Fredrickson M, Clark E, Cushman JC (2004) Transcript profiling of salinity stress responses by large-scale expressed sequence tag analysis in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Gene 341, 83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.06.037
88. Kore-eda S, Noake C, Ohishi M, Ohnishi J-I, Cushman JC (2005) Transcriptional regulation of organellar metabolite transporters during induction of crassulacean acid metabolism in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Functional Plant Biology 32, 451-466. doi. 10.1071/FP04188
89. 4 and CAM plants. Plant Science Letters 19, 1-8. doi: 10.1016/0304-4211(80)90002-4
90. Leegood RC, Walker RP (2003) Regulation and roles of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in plants. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 414, 204-210.
91. Leustek T, Saito K (1999) Sulfate transport and assimilation in plants. Plant Physiology 120, 637-644. doi: 10.1104/pp.120.3.637
92. Logan DC, Leaver CJ (2000) Mitochondria-targeted GFP highlights the heterogeneity of mitochondrial shape, size and movement within living plant cells. Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 865-871. doi: 10.1093/jexbot/51.346. 865
93. +-ATPase genes in roots and leaves of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Plant Physiology 110, 259-265. doi: 10.1104/pp.110.1.259
94. Lüttge U (1988) Day-night changes in citric-acid levels in crassulacean acid metabolism: phenomenon and ecophysiological significance. Plant, Cell and Environment 11, 445-451.
95. Lüttge U (1993) The role of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in the adaption of plants to salinity. New Phytologist 125, 59-71.
96. 3 / CAM intermediate tropical trees. In 'Crassulacean acid metabolism: biochemistry, ecophysiology and evolution'. (Eds K Winter, JAC Smith) pp. 296-311. (Springer-Verlag: Berlin)
97. 3-CAM intermediate behaviour. Plant Biology 1, 138-148.
98. Lüttge U (2000a) The tonoplast functioning as the master switch for circadian regulation of crassulacean acid metabolism. Planta 211, 761-769. doi: 10.1007/s004250000408
99. Lüttge U (2000b) Light stress and crassulacean acid metabolism. Phyton 40, 65-82.
100. 2-concentrating: consequences in crassulacean acid metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany 53, 2131-2142. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erf081
101. Lüttge U (2004) Ecophysiology of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Annals of Botany 93, 629-652. doi: 10.1093/aob/mch087
102. Lüttge U, Smith JAC (1984) Mechanism of passive malic-acid efflux from vacuoles of the CAM plant Kalanchoë daigremontiana. Journal of Membrane Biology 81, 149-158.
103. Lüttge U, Ratajczak R (1997) The physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of the plant vacuolar ATPase. Advances in Botanical Research 25, 253-296.
104. Lüttge U, Smith JAC, Osmond CB, Marigo G (1981) Energetics of malate accumulation in the vacuoles of Kalanchoë tubiflora. FEBS Letters 126, 81-84. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)81038-1
105. Lüttge U, Smith JAC, Marigo G (1982) Membrane transport, osmoregulation, and the control of CAM. In 'Crassulacean acid metabolism'. (Eds IP Ting, M Gibbs) pp. 69-91. (American Society of Plant Physiologists: Rockville, MD)
106. Markovich D, Murer H (2004) The SLC13 gene family of sodium / sulphate / carboxylate cotransporters. European Journal of Physiology 447, 594-602. doi: 10.1007/s00424-003-1128-6
107. Marquardt G, Lüttge U (1987) Proton translocating enzymes at the tonoplast of leaf cells of the CAM plant Kalanchoë daigremontiana. II. The pyrophosphatase. Journal of Plant Physiology 129, 269-286.
108. Master RWP (1959) Organic acid and carbohydrate metabolism in Nopalea cochinellifera. Experientia 15, 30-31.
109. 2 diffusion a consequence of succulence in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism? Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 24, 777-786.
110. 3 and CAM plants. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 25, 45-52.
111. McRae SR, Christopher JT, Smith JAC, Holtum JAM (2002) Sucrose transport across the vacuolar membrane of Ananas comosus. Functional Plant Biology 29, 717-724. doi: 10.1071/PP01227
112. Medina E, Olivares E, Diaz M (1986) Water stress and light intensity effects on growth and nocturnal acid accumulation in a terrestrial CAM bromeliad (Bromelia humilis Jacq.) under natural conditions. Oecologia 70, 441-446. doi: 10.1007/BF00379509
113. Millhouse J, Wiskich JT, Beevers H (1983) Metabolite oxidation and transport in mitochondria of endosperm from germinating castorbean Ricinus communis. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 10, 167-178.
114. Müller ML, Taiz L (2002) Regulation of the lemon-fruit V-ATPase by variable stoichiometry and organic acids. Journal of Membrane Biology 185, 209-220. doi: 10.1007/s00232-001-0124-z
115. 3 or CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism)-induced Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. The Biochemical Journal 318, 945-953.
116. Neuhaus HE, Wagner R (2000) Solute pores, ion channels, and metabolite transporters in the outer and inner envelope membranes of higher plant plastids. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1465, 307-323.
117. Neuhaus HE, Holtum JAM, Latzko E (1988) Transport of phosphoenolpyruvate by chloroplasts from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. exhibiting crassulacean acid metabolism. Plant Physiology 87, 64-68.
118. Nimmo GA, Wilkins MB, Fewson CA, Nimmo HG (1987) Persistent circadian rhythms in the phosphorylation state of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi leaves and in its sensitivity to inhibition by malate. Planta 170, 408-415. doi: 10.1007/BF00395034
119. O'Leary MH, Osmond CB (1980) Diffusional contribution to carbon isotope fractionation during dark carbon dioxide fixation in crassulacean acid metabolism plants. Plant Physiology 66, 931-934.
120. Olivares E, Medina E (1990) Carbon dioxide exchange, soluble carbohydrates and acid accumulation in a fructan accumulating plant: Fourcroya humboldtiana Treal. Journal of Experimental Botany 41, 579-586.
121. 2 pulse-chase labelling in Clusia minor L. Journal of Experimental Botany 44, 497-501.
122. Osmond CB (1978) Crassulacean acid metabolism: a curiosity in context. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 29, 379-414. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pp.29. 060178.002115
123. Osmond CB, Holtum JAM (1982) Crassulacean acid metabolism. In 'The biochemistry of plants. Vol. 8'. (Eds MD Hatch, NK Boardman) pp. 283-370. (Academic Press: New York)
124. Osmond CB, Holtum JAM, O'Leary MH, Roeske C, Wong SC, Summons RE, Avadhani PN (1988) Regulation of malic acid metabolism in crassulacean acid metabolism plants in the dark and light in-vivo evidence from carbon-13 labeling patterns after carbon-13 dioxide fixation. Planta 175, 184-192. doi: 10.1007/BF00392426
125. 2 exchange in CAM plants. In 'Crassulacean acid metabolism: biochemistry, ecophysiology and evolution'. (Eds K Winter, JAC Smith) pp. 19-30. (Springer-Verlag: Berlin)
126. Osmond CB, Maxwell K, Popp M, Robinson S (1999) On being thick: fathoming apparently futile pathways of photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in succulent CAM plants. In 'Plant carbohydrate biochemistry'. (Eds JA Bryant, MM Burrell, NJ Kruger) pp. 183-200. (BIOS Scientific Publishers: Oxford)
127. Pajor AM (2000) Molecular properties of sodium / dicarboxylate cotransporters. Journal of Membrane Biology 175, 1-8. doi: 10.1007/s002320001049
128. + / dicarboxylate cotransporter, NaDC-1. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1420, 223-230.
129. 2+ and anion-channel blockers. Journal of Membrane Biology 186, 31-42. doi: 10.1007/s00232-001-0132-z
130. Paul MJ, Loos K, Stitt M, Ziegler P (1993) Starch-degrading enzymes during the induction of CAM in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Plant, Cell and Environment 16, 531-538.
131. Picault N, Hodges M, Palmieri L, Palmieri F (2004) The growing family of mitochondrial carriers in Arabidopsis. Trends in Plant Science 9, 138-146. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.01.007
132. Popp M, Kramer D, Lee H, Diaz M, Ziegler H, Lüttge U (1987) Crassulacean acid metabolism in tropical dicotyledonous trees of the genus Clusia. Trees 1, 238-247.
133. Pucher GW, Vickery HB, Abrahams MD, Leavenworth CS (1949) Studies in the metabolism of crassulacean plants: diurnal variations of organic acids and starch in excised leaves of Bryophyllum calycinum. Plant Physiology 24, 610-620.
134. Quick PW, Scheibe R, Neuhaus HE (1995) Induction of hexose-phosphate translocator activity in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Physiology 109, 113-121.
135. 3-CAM transition and plant age. Plant, Cell and Environment 17, 1101-1112.
136. Raghavendra AS, Padmasree K (2003) Beneficial interactions of mitochondrial metabolism with photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Trends in Plant Science 8, 546-553. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2003.09.015
137. 3-CAM intermediate Clusia minor L. in Trinidad: seasonal and short-term photosynthetic characteristics of sun and shade leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany 49, 1563-1573. doi: 10.1093/jexbot/49.326.1563
138. Robinson SA, Yakir D, Ribascarbo M, Giles L, Osmond CB, Siedow JN, Berry JA (1992) Measurements of the engagement of cyanide-resistant respiration in the crassulacean acid metabolism plant Kalanchoë daigremontiana with the use of online oxygen isotope discrimination. Plant Physiology 100, 1087-1091.
139. 13C value in thick photosynthetic tissues of plants with crassulacean acid metabolism. Planta 190, 271-276. doi: 10.1007/BF00196621
140. Rockel B, Ratajczak R, Becker A, Lüttge U (1994) Changed densities and diameters of intra-membrane tonoplast particles of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum in correlation with NaCl-induced CAM. Journal of Plant Physiology 143, 318-324.
141. Rona J-P, Pitman MG, Lüttge U, Ball E (1980) Electrochemical data on compartmentation into cell wall, cytoplasm, and vacuole of leaf cells in the CAM genus Kalanchoë. Journal of Membrane Biology 57, 25-35.
142. Rustin P, Queiroz-Claret C (1985) Changes in oxidative properties of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana leaf mitochondria during development of crassulacean acid metabolism. Planta 164, 415-422. doi: 10.1007/BF00402955
143. Rustin P, Lance C (1986) Malate metabolism in leaf mitochondria from the crassulacean acid metabolism plant Kalanchoë blossfeldiana Poelln. Plant Physiology 81, 1039-1043.
144. 3 photosynthesis and crassulacean acid metabolism. Plant and Cell Physiology 35, 1165-1171.
145. 2 by succulent leaves: the first products. Plant Physiology 31, 464-468.
146. Sideris CP, Young HY, Chun HHQ (1948) Diurnal changes and growth rates as associated with ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, carbohydrate and nitrogenous fractions in the leaves of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Plant Physiology 23, 38-69.
147. Smith FA, Raven JA (1979) Intracellular pH and its regulation. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 30, 289-311. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pp.30.060179.001445
148. Smith JAC, Heuer S (1981) Determination of the volume of intercellular spaces in leaves and some values for CAM plants. Annals of Botany 48, 915-917.
149. Smith JAC, Bryce JH (1992) Metabolic compartmentation and transport in CAM plants. In 'Plant organelles: compartmentation of metabolism in photosynthetic cells'. (Ed. AK Tobin) pp. 141-167. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)
150. Smith JAC, Winter K (1996) Taxonomic distribution of crassulacean acid metabolism. In 'Crassulacean acid metabolism: biochemistry, ecophysiology and evolution'. (Eds K Winter, JAC Smith) pp. 427-436. (Springer-Verlag: Berlin)
151. Smith JAC, Marigo G, Lüttge U, Ball E (1982) Adenine nucleotide levels during crassulacean acid metabolism and the energetics of malate accumulation in Kalanchoë tubiflora. Plant Science Letters 26, 13-22. doi: 10.1016/0304-4211(82)90037-2
152. Smith JAC, Ingram J, Tsiantis MS, Barkla BJ, Bartholomew DM, Bettey M, Pantoja O, Pennington AJ (1996) Transport across the vacuolar membrane in CAM plants. In 'Crassulacean acid metabolism: biochemistry, ecophysiology and evolution'. (Eds K Winter, JAC Smith) pp. 53-71. (Springer-Verlag: Berlin)
153. Spalding MH, Arron GP, Edwards GE (1980) Malate decarboxylation in isolated mitochondria from the crassulacean acid metabolism plant Sedum praealtum. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 199, 448-456. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(80)90301-X
154. Steudle E, Smith JAC, Lüttge U (1980) Water-relation parameters of individual mesophyll cells of the crassulacean acid metabolism plant Kalanchoë daigremontiana. Plant Physiology 66, 1155-1163.
155. Struve I, Weber A, Lüttge U, Ball E, Smith JAC (1985) Increased vacuolar ATPase activity correlated with crassulacean acid metabolism induction in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and Kalanchoë blossfeldiana cultivar Tom Thumb. Journal of Plant Physiology 117, 451-468.
156. Sutton BG (1975a) The path of carbon in CAM plants at night. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 2, 377-387.
157. Sutton BG (1975b) Glycolysis in CAM plants. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 2, 389-402.
158. Taniguchi M, Taniguchi Y, Kawasaki M, Takeda S, Kato T, Sato S, Tabata S, Miyaki H, Sugiyama T (2002) Identifying and characterizing plastidic 2-oxoglutarate / malate and dicarboxylate transporters in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant and Cell Physiology 43, 706-717. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcf109
159. Taniguchi Y, Nagasaki J, Kawasaki M, Miyaki H, Sugiyama T, Taniguchi M (2004) Differentiation of dicarboxylate transporters in mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts of maize. Plant and Cell Physiology 45, 187-200. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pch022
160. +-ATPase in the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. The Plant Journal 9, 729-736. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1996.9050729.x
161. Tsuzuki M, Miyachi S, Winter K, Edwards GE (1982) Localization of carbonic anhydrase EC4.2.1.1 in crassulacean acid metabolism plants. Plant Science Letters 24, 211-218. doi: 10.1016/0304-4211(82)90194-8
162. Taybi T, Cushman JC, Borland AM (2002) Environmental, hormonal and circadian regulation of crassulacean acid metabolism expression. Functional Plant Biology 29, 669-678. doi: 10.1071/PP01244
163. Teeri JA, Tonsor SJ, Turner M (1981) Leaf thickness and carbon isotope discrimination in the crassulaceae. Oecologia 50, 367-369. doi: 10.1007/BF00344977
164. Ting IP, Osmond CB (1973) Activation of plant P-enolpyruvate carboxylases by glucose-6-phosphate. A particular role in crassulacean acid metabolism. Plant Science Letters 1, 123-128. doi: 10.1016/0304-4211(73)90064-3
165. Verbücheln O, Steup M (1984) Carbon metabolism and malate formation in the CAM plant Aloe arborescens. In 'Advances in photosynthesis research. Vol. 3'. (Ed. C Sybesma) pp. 421-424. (Martinus Nijhoff: The Hague)
166. Wagner W, Wiemken A (1986) Properties and subcellular localization of fructan hydrolase in the leaves of barley Hordeum vulgare cultivar Gerbel. Journal of Plant Physiology 123, 429-440.
167. 4 photosynthesis and with crassulacean acid metabolism and in germinating seeds. The Biochemical Journal 317, 653-658.
168. Walker RP, Chen ZH (2002) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase: structure, function and regulation. Advances in Botanical Research 38, 93-189.
169. 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis as a technique for metabolite fingerprinting of Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry 62, 949-957. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00705-7
170. White PJ, Smith JAC (1989) Proton and anion transport at the tonoplast in crassulacean-acid-metabolism plants: specificity of the malate-influx system in Kalanchoë daigremontiana. Planta 179, 265-274. doi: 10.1007/BF00393698
171. 2+. Plant Physiology 93, 1063-1070.
172. Winter K (1982) Properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase EC-4.1.1.31 in rapidly prepared desalted leaf extracts of the crassulacean acid metabolism plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Planta 154, 298-308. doi: 10.1007/BF00393907
173. Winter K (1985) Crassulacean acid metabolism. In 'Photosynthetic mechanisms and the environment'. (Eds J Barber, NR Baker) pp. 329-387. (Elsevier: Amsterdam)
174. Winter K, Smith JAC (1996a) An introduction to crassulacean acid metabolism. Biochemical principles and ecological diversity. In 'Crassulacean acid metabolism: biochemistry, ecophysiology and evolution'. (Eds K Winter, JAC Smith) pp. 1-13. (Springer-Verlag: Berlin)
175. Winter K, Smith JAC (1996b) Crassulacean acid metabolism: current status and perspectives. In 'Crassulacean acid metabolism: biochemistry, ecophysiology and evolution'. (Eds K Winter, JAC Smith) pp. 389-426. (Springer-Verlag: Berlin)
176. 2 fixed during day and night? Plant Physiology 129, 1843-1851. doi: 10.1104/pp.002915
177. 3 photosynthesis characteristics or performing crassulacean acid metabolism. Plant Physiology 69, 300-307.
178. Winter K, Wallace BJ, Stocker GC, Roksandic Z (1983) Crassulacean acid metabolism in Australian vascular epiphytes and some related species. Oecologia 57, 129-141. doi: 10.1007/BF00379570
179. Winter K, Arron GP, Edwards GE (1986) Malate decarboxylation by mitochondria of the inducible crassulacean acid metabolism plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Plant and Cell Physiology 27, 1533-1540.
180. Wiskich JT, Day DA (1982) Malate oxidation, rotenone-resistance, and alternative path activity in plant mitochondria. Plant Physiology 70, 959-964.
181. Wissing F, Smith JAC (2000) Vacuolar chloride transport in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. measured using the fluorescent dye lucigenin. Journal of Membrane Biology 177, 199-208. doi: 10.1007/s002320010003