Twenty-month effectiveness of a non-aversive, long-term, low-cost programme for persons with persisting neurobehavioural disability

Brain Injury

Volumn 19, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 753-764

  Giles, Gordon Muir ^a,b   Wager, J ^a   Fong, L ^a   Waraich, B S ^a,c  

^a Crestwood Treatment Center   (United States)

^b SAMUEL MERRITT COLLEGE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Aggression; Brain injury; Non aversive treatment; Outcome

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANXIOLYTIC AGENT; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CLOZAPINE; MOOD STABILIZER; OLANZAPINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; TRAZODONE;

ADULT; AGED; AGGRESSION; ARTICLE; AUTOREGULATION; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; BRAIN INJURY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COGNITIVE THERAPY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH PROGRAM; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; MALE; MENTAL DEFICIENCY; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; NURSING HOME; PSYCHOSIS;

EID: 22244445503     PISSN: 02699052     EISSN: 1362301X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02699050500110108     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Lishman WA. Organic psychiatry: The psychological consequences of cerebral disorder. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1998.
2. Bardenhagen FJ, Bowden SC, Shields RB, et al. Psychosocial and neuropsychological outcomes in two high-functioning males 20 years after traumatic brain injury. Neurocase 1999;5:325-343.
3. Greve KW, Sherwin E, Stanford MS, et al. Personality and neurocognitive correlates of impulsive aggression in long-term survivors of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2001;15:255-262.
4. Alderman N, Davies JA, Jones C, McDonnel P. Reduction of severe aggressive behaviour in acquired brain injury: Case studies illustrating clinical use of the OAS-MNR in the management of challenging behaviours. Brain Injury 1999;13:669-704.
5. Giles GM. Management of behavioral disregulation and non-compliance in the post-acute severely brain injured adult. In: Giles GM, Clark-Wilson J, editors. Rehabilitation of the severely brain injured adult: A practical approach. Cheltenham, UK: Stanley Thornes; 1999. pp 81-96.
6. Fluharty G, Glassman N. Use of antecedent control to improve the outcome of rehabilitation for a client with frontal lobe injury and intolerance for auditory and tactile stimuli. Brain Injury 2001;15:995-1002.
7. Giles GM, Clark-Wilson J. Brain injury rehabilitation: A neurofunctional approach. San Diego: Singular; 1993.
8. Koponen S, Taiminen T, Portin R, et al. Axis I and II psychiatric disorders after traumatic brain injury: A 30-year follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry 2002;159:1315-1321.
9. McMillan TM, Oddy M. Service provision for social disability and handicap after acquired brain injury. In: McMillan TM, Wood RL, editors. Neurobehavioural disability and social handicap following traumatic brain injury. Hove, East Sussex: The Psychology Press; 2001. pp 257-273.
10. Johnson R, Balleny H. Behavior problems after brain injury: Incidence and need for treatment. Clinical Rehabilitation 1996;10:173-181.
11. Brooke MM, Questad KA, Patterson DR, Bashak KJ. Agitation and restlessness after closed head injury: A prospective study of 100 consecutive admissions. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation 1992;73:320-323.
12. Levin HS, Grossman RG. Behavioral sequelae of closed head injury. Archives of Neurology 1978;35:720-727.
13. Templer DI, Kasiraj J, Trent NH, et al. Exploration of head injury without medical attention. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1992;75:195-202.
14. Kim E. Agitation, aggression, and disinhibition syndromes after traumatic brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 2002; 17:297-310.
15. Tateno A, Jorge RE, Robinson RG. Clinical correlates of aggressive behavior after traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2003;15:155-160.
16. Satel SL, Edell WS. Cocaine-induced paranoia and psychosis proneness. American Journal of Psychiatry 1991;148:1708-1711.
17. Kelly MP, Johnson CT, Knoller N, Drubach DA, Winslow MM. Substance abuse, traumatic brain injury and neuropsychological outcome. Brain Injury 1997;11:391-402.
18. Kelly JP, Ramundo M, Thurman DJ, Zink BJ. Improving outcome after brain trauma. Patient Care 1997;31:36-38, 46, 48 passim.
19. Fann JR, Katon WJ, Uomoto JM, Esselman PC. Psychiatric disorder and functional disability in outpatients with traumatic brain injuries. American Journal of Psychiatry 1995;152:1493-1499.
20. Monahan J. Mental disorder and violent behavior: Perception and evidence. American Psychologist 1992;47:511-521.
21. Deb S, Lyons I, Koutzoukis C, Ali I, McCarthy G. Rate of psychiatric illness 1 year after traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Psychiatry 1999;156:374-378.
22. Thomsen IV. Late outcome of very severe blunt head trauma: A 10-15 year follow-up. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1984;47:260-268.
23. Jorge RE, Robinson RG, Moser D, et al. Major depression following traumatic brain injury. Archives of General Psychiatry 2004;61:42-50.
24. Rabinowitz J, Mark M. Risk factors for violence among long-stay psychiatric patients: National study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavica 1999;99:341-347.
25. Soloff PH, Gutheil TG, Wexler DB. Seclusion and restraint in 1985: A review and update. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1985;36:652-657.
26. Hodgkinson PE, McIvor L, Phillips M. Patient assaults on staff in a psychiatric hospital: A two-year retrospective study. Medicine, Science and the Law 1985;25:288-294.
27. Haller RM, Deluty RH. Assaults on staff by psychiatric in-patients: A critical review. British Journal of Psychiatry 1988;152:174-179.
28. Ruben I, Wolkon G, Yamamoto J. Physical attacks on psychiatric residents by patients. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1980;168:243-245.
29. Brailsford DS, Stevenson J. Factors related to violent and unpredictable behavior in psychiatric hospitals. Nursing Times 1973;9-11.
30. Whittington R, Wykes T. Aversive stimulation by staff and violence by psychiatric patients. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 1996;35:11-20.
31. Peters MD, Gluck M, McCormick M. Behavioral rehabilitation of the challenging client in less restrictive settings. Brain Injury 1992;6:299-314.
32. Luiselli JK, Pace GM, Dunn EK. Antecedent analysis of therapeutic restraint in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury: A descriptive study of four cases. Brain Injury 2003;17:255-264.
33. Giles GM, Ridley J, Dill A, Frye S. A consecutive series of brain injured adults treated with a washing and dressing retraining program. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 1997;51:256-266.
34. Andrewes D. Management of disruptive behavior in the brain-damaged patient using selective reinforcement. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 1989;20:261-264.
35. Watson C, Rutterford NA, Shortland D, Williamson N, Alderman N. Reduction of chronic aggressive behaviour 10 years after brain injury. Brain Injury 2001;15:1003-1015.
36. Eames P, Cotterill G, Kneale TA, Storrar AL, Yeomans P. Outcome of intensive rehabilitation after severe brain injury. Brain Injury 1995;10:631-650.
37. Zencius AH, Wesolowski MD, Burke WH, McQuade P. Antecedent control in the treatment of brain injured clients. Brain Injury 1989;3:199-205.
38. Terrace HS. Discrimination learning with and without 'errors'. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 1963;6:1-27.
39. Vollmer TR, Iwata BA, Zarcone JR, Smith RG, Mazaleski JL. The role of attention in the treatment of attention-maintained self-injurious behavior: Noncontingent reinforcement and differential reinforcement of other behavior. Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis 1993;26:9-21.
40. Manchester D, Hodgkinson A, Pfaff A, Nguyen F. A non-aversive approach to reducing hospital absconding in a head-injured adolescent boy. Brain Injury 1997;11:271-277.
41. Smith RG, Iwata BA. Antecedent influences on behavior disorder. Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis 1997;30:343-375.
42. McDowell JJ. The importance of Herrnstein's mathematical statement of the law of effect for behavior therapy. American Psychologist 1982;37:771-779.
43. Martin DJ, Garske JP, Davis MK. Relationship of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2000;68:438-450.
44. Manchester D, Wood RL. Applying cognitive therapy in neurobehavioral rehabilitation. In: Wood RL, McMillan TM, editors. Neurobehavioral disability and social handicap following traumatic brain injury. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press; 2001. pp 157-174.
45. Klonoff PS, Lamb DG, Henderson SW, Shepherd J. Outcome assessment after milieu-oriented rehabilitation: New considerations. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1998;79:684-690.
46. Bordin ES. The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy 1979;16:252-260.
47. Triandis HC. Interpersonal behavior. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole; 1977.
48. Ouellette JA, Wood W. Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological Bulletin 1998;124:54-74.
49. Bargh JA, Chartand TL. The unbearable automaticity of being. American Psychologist 1999;54:462-479.
50. Albarracin D, Wyer RS. The cognitive impact of past behavior: Influence on beliefs, attitudes and future behavioral decisions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000;79:5-22.
51. Bechara A, Damasio AR, Damasio H, Anderson WS. Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition 1994;50:7-15.
52. Hayes SC, Gifford EV. The trouble with language: Experiential avoidance, rules, and the nature of verbal events. Psychological Science 1997;8:170-173.
53. Heflin LJ, Alberto PA. Establishing a behavioral context for learning for students with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 2001;16:93-101.
54. Feeney TJ, Ylvisaker M. Choice and routine: Antecedent behavioral interventions for adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1995;10:67-86.
55. Ackerman SJ, Hilsenroth MJ. A review of therapist characteristics and techniques positively impacting the therapeutic alliance. Clinical Psychology Review 2003;23:1-33.
56. Waddington L. The therapy relationship in cognitive therapy: A review. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 2002;30:179-191.
57. Safran JD, Muran JC. Negotiating the therapeutic alliance: A relational treatment guide. New York: Guilford; 2000.
58. Fleminger S, Greenwood RJ, Oliver DL. Pharmacological management for agitation and aggression in people with acquired brain injury (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library, Issue 2. Oxford: Update Software; 2003.
59. Alderman N, Knight C, Morgan C. Use of a modified version of the Overt Aggression Scale in the measurement and assessment of aggressive behaviors following brain injury. Brain Injury 1997;11:503-523.
60. Silver JM, Yudofsky SC. The Overt Aggression Scale: Overview and guiding principles. Journal of Neuropsychiatry 1991;3:S22-S29.
61. Giles GM. The effectiveness of neurorehabilitation. In: Wood RL, McMillan TM, editors. Neurobehavioural disability and social handicap following traumatic brain injury. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press; 2001. pp 231-255.
62. Evans JJ, Wilson BA, Schuri U, et al. A comparison of 'errorless' and 'trial-and-error' learning methods for teaching individuals with acquired memory deficits. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2000;10:67-101.
63. Tailby R, Haslam C. An investigation of errorless learning in memory-impaired patients: Improving the technique and clarifying theory. Neuropsychologia 2003;41:1230-1240.
64. Murre JMJ. Implicit and explicit memory in amnesia: Some explanations and predictions by the trace link model. Memory 1997;5:213-232.
65. Giles GM, Clark-Wilson J. Rehabilitation of the severely brain injured adult: A practical approach. Cheltenham, UK: Stanley Thornes; 1999.
66. Giles GM, Clark-Wilson J. The use of behavioral techniques in functional skills training after severe brain injury. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 1988;42:658-665.
67. Tanke ED, Yesarage JA. Characteristics of assaultive patients who do and do not provide visible cues of potential violence. American Journal of Psychiatry 1985;42:1409-1413.
68. Cheung P, Schweitzer IS, Crowley K, Tuckwell V. Aggressive behavior in schizophrenia: The role of psychopathology. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1997;31.