Interactive effects of tree and herb cover on survivorship, physiology, and microclimate of conifer seedlings at the alpine tree-line ecotone

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 567-574

  Maher, E L ^a,b   Germino, M J ^a   Hasselquist, N J ^a,c  

^a Nucl Eng Idaho State University   (United States)

^b Center for Natural Lands Management   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; HERBICIDES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHYSIOLOGY; SEED; SOLAR RADIATION; THERMAL EFFECTS; VEGETATION; WATER CONSERVATION;

ALPINE-LINE ECOTONE (ATE); CONIFER SEEDLINGS; SOIL WATER CONTENTS; SURVIVORSHIP;

FORESTRY;

MICROCLIMATE; PHYSIOLOGY; POPULATION DYNAMICS; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SUCCESSION; SURVIVORSHIP;

FORESTRY; HERBS; METEOROLOGY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; SEEDLINGS; SUN LIGHT;

NORTH AMERICA; SNOWY RANGE; UNITED STATES; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD; WYOMING;

ABIES; ABIES LASIOCARPA; CONIFEROPHYTA; PICEA; PICEA ENGELMANNII; PINUS ALBICAULIS;

EID: 22144488818     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/x04-201     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Arno, S.F. 2001. Community types and natural disturbance processes. In Whitebark pine communities: ecology and restoration. Edited by D.F. Tomback, S.F. Arno, and R.E. Keane. Island Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 74-89
2. Ball, M.C., Hodges, V.S., and Laughlin, G.P. 1991. Cold-induced photoinhibition limits regeneration of snow gum at tree-line. Funct. Ecol. 5: 663-668.
3. Ball, M., Egerton, J., Leuning, R., Cunningham, R., and Dunne, P. 1997. Microclimate above grass adversely affects spring growth of seedling snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora). Plant Cell Environ. 20: 155-166.
4. Bertness, M.D., and Callaway, R.M. 1994. Positive interactions in communities. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9: 191-193.
5. Billings, W.D. 1969. Vegetational pattern near alpine timberline as affected by fire-snowdrift interactions. Vegetatio, 19: 192-207.
6. 2 evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at 77 K among vascular plants of diverse origins. Planta, 170: 489-504.
7. Callaway, R.M. 1995. Positive interactions among plants. Bot. Rev. 61: 306-349.
8. Callaway, R.M. 1998. Competition and facilitation on elevational gradients in subalpine forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Oikos, 82: 561-573.
9. Callaway, R.M., Brooker, R.W., Choler, P., Kikvidze, Z., Lortie, C.J., Michalet, R., et al. 2002. Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress. Nature (Lond.), 417: 844-848.
10. Canham, C.D. 1988. An index for understory light levels in and around canopy gaps. Ecology, 69: 1634-1638.
11. Choler, P., Michalet, R., and Callaway, R.M. 2001. Facilitation and competition on gradients in alpine plant communities. Ecology, 82: 3295-3308.
12. Donnegan, J.A., and Rebertus, A.J. 1999. Rates and mechanisms of subalpine forest succession along an environmental gradient. Ecology, 81: 1370-1385.
13. Dullinger, S., Dirnbock, T., and Grabherr, G. 2004. Modeling climate change-driven treeline shifts: relative effects of temperature increase, dispersal and invasibility. J. Ecol. 92: 241-252.
14. Germino, M.J., and Smith, W.K. 1999. Sky exposure, crown architecture, and low-temperature photoinhibition in conifer seedlings at alpine treeline. Plant Cell Environ. 22: 407-415.
15. Germino, M.J., and Smith, W.K. 2000. Differences in microsite, plant form, and low-temperature photoinhibition in alpine plants. Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. 32: 388-396.
16. Germino, M.J., Smith, W.K., and Resor, A.C. 2002. Conifer seedling distribution and survival in an alpine-treeline ecotone. Plant Ecol. 162: 157-168.
17. Hasselquist, N.J., Germino, M.J., McGonigle, T.C., and Smith, W.K. 2005. Variability of Cenoccocum colonization and its ecophysiological significance for young conifers at alpine-treeline. New Phytol. 165: 867-873.
18. Hiemstra, C.A., Liston, G.E., and Reiners, W.A. 2002. Snow redistribution by wind and interactions with vegetation at upper treeline in the Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming. Arct. Alp. Res. 34: 262-273.
19. Johnson, D.M., Germino, M.J., and Smith, W.K. 2004. Abiotic factors limiting photosynthesis in Abies lasiocarpa and Picea engelmannii seedlings below and above the alpine timberline. Tree Physiol. 24: 377-386.
20. Jordan, D.N., and Smith, W.K. 1995. Radiation frost susceptibility and the association between sky exposure and leaf size. Oecologia, 103: 43-48.
21. Kao, W.Y., and Forseth, I.N. 1992. Diurnal leaf movement, chlorophyll fluorescence and carbon assimilation in soybean grown under different nitrogen and water availability. Plant Cell Environ. 15: 703-710.
22. Körner, Ch. 1998. A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation. Oecologia, 115: 445-459.
23. Krause, G.H., and Weis, E. 1991. Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis: the basics. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 313-349.
24. Leuschner, C. 2000. Are high elevations in tropical mountains arid environments for plants? Ecology, 81: 1425-1436
25. Minore, D. 1979. Comparative autecological characteristics of northwestern tree-species - a literature review. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-87.
26. Moir, W., Rochelle, S.G., and Schoettle, A. 1999. Microscale patterns of tree establishment near upper treeline, snow range, Wyoming, USA. Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. 31: 379-388.
27. Oosting, H.J., and Reed, J.F. 1952. Virgin spruce-fir of the Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming. Ecol. Monogr. 22: 69-91.
28. SAS Institute Inc. 2002. SAS/STAT version 8 [computer program]. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C.
29. Schaalje, G.B., McBride, J.B., and Fellingham, G.W. 2002. Adequacy of approximations to distributions of test statistics in complex mixed linear models. J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stats. 7: 512-524.
30. Smith, W., Schoettle, A., and Cui, M. 1991. Importance of the method of leaf area measurement to the interpretation of gas exchange of complex shoots. Tree Physiol. 8: 121-127.
31. Smith, W.K., Germino, M.J., Hancock, T.E., and Johnson, D.M. 2003. Another perspective for interpreting altitudinal limits of alpine timberlines. Tree Physiol. 23: 1101-1112.
32. Tomback, D.F., Sund, S.K., and Hoffman, L.A. 1993. Post-fire regeneration of Pinus albicaulis: height-age relationships, age structure, and microsite characteristics. Can. J. For. Res. 23: 113-119.
33. Weaver, T. 2001. Whitebark pine and its environment. In Whitebark pine communities. Edited by D.F. Tomback, S.F. Arno, and R.F. Keane. Island Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 41-73.
34. Young, J.A., and Young, C.G. 1992. Seeds of woody plants in North America. Dioscorides Press, Portland, Ore.