Indications, diagnostic tests and Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Recommendations by the 2nd Spanish Consensus Conference;Indicaciones, métodos diagnósticos y tratamiento erradicador de Helicobacter pylori. Recomendaciones de la II Conferencia Española de Consenso

Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas

Volumn 97, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 348-374

  Monés, Joan ^a   Gisbert, J P ^b   Borda, F ^c   Dominguez Munoz E ^d  

^a HOSPITAL DE LA SANTA CREU I SANT PAU   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE LA PRINCESA   (Spain)

^c Universidad Pública de Navarra   (Spain)

^d Instituto de Salud Carlos III   (Spain)

Author keywords

Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Diagnosis; Eradication

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMOXICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CELECOXIB; CLARITHROMYCIN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; DICLOFENAC; ESOMEPRAZOLE; FURAZOLIDONE; IBUPROFEN; LANSOPRAZOLE; LEVOFLOXACIN; METRONIDAZOLE; NAPROXEN; NITROIMIDAZOLE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OMEPRAZOLE; PANTOPRAZOLE; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; RABEPRAZOLE; RANITIDINE BISMUTH CITRATE; RIFABUTIN; STOMACH SECRETION INHIBITOR; TETRACYCLINE;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; BONE MARROW TOXICITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COCHRANE LIBRARY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DRUG EFFICACY; DYSPEPSIA; ERADICATION THERAPY; FECES ANALYSIS; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; HEART DISEASE; HELICOBACTER INFECTION; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HUMAN; INTESTINE INJURY; MEDICAL SOCIETY; META ANALYSIS; MUCOSA ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE LYMPHOMA; NEPHROTOXICITY; PEPTIC ULCER; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; SEROLOGY; SPAIN; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UREA BREATH TEST;

EID: 21944442861     PISSN: 11300108     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4321/S1130-01082005000500007     Document Type: Review

References (148)

1. SM. International Update Conference on Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 1997; 113: S4-8.
2. Howden CW, Hunt RH. Guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Ad Hoc Committee on Practice Parameters of the American College of Gastroenterology. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93: 2330-8.
3. Hunt RH, Fallone CA, Thomson AB. Canadian Helicobacter pylori Consensus Conference update: infections in adults. Canadian Helicobacter Study Group. Can J Gastroenterol 1999; 13: 213-7.
4. Coelho LG, Leon-Barua R, Quigley EM. Latin-American Consensus Conference on Helicobacter pylori infection. Latin-American National Gastroenterological Societies affiliated with the Inter-American Association of Gastroenterology (AIGE). Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 2688-91.
5. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain C, Hungin AP, Jones R, Axon A, et al. Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus Report. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 167-80.
6. Lam SK, Talley NJ. Report of the 1997 Asia Pacific Consensus Conference on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 13; 1-12.
7. Sainz R, Borda F, Dominguez E, Gisbert JP. Conferencia Española de Consenso sobre la infección por Helicobacter pylori. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1999; 91: 777-84.
8. Gisbert JP, Calvet X, Gomollon F, Sainz R. Tratamiento erradicador de Helicobacter pylori. Recomendaciones de la Conferencia Espanola de Consenso. Med Clin (Barc) 2000; 114: 185-95.
9. Mascort JJ, Marzo M, Alonso-Coello P, Barenys M, Valdeperez J, Puigdengoles X, et al. Guía de práctica clínica sobre el manejo del paciente con dispepsia. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 26: 571-613.
10. Gisbert JP, Calvet X, Gabriel R, Pajares JM. Infección por Helicobacter pylori y dispepsia funcional. Meta-análisis de la eficacia del tratamiento erradicador. Med Clin (Barc) 2002; 118: 405-9.
11. Laine L, Schoenfeld P, Fennerty MB. Therapy for Helicobacter pylori in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 361-9.
12. Veldhuyzen van Zanten SJO, Talley NJ, Blum AL, Bolling-Sternevald E, Sundin M, Junghard O. Combined analysis of the ORCHID and OCAY studies. Does eradication of Helicobacter pylori lead to sustained improvement in functional dyspepsia symptoms? GUT 2002; 50: 26-30.
13. Monés J, Rodrigo L, Sancho F, Martin L, Boixeda D, Artés MT, et al. Erradicación de Helicobacter pylori versus tratamiento de mantenimiento durante un anō: eficacia sobre la recidiva y la gastritis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2000; 6: 372-80.
14. Lanas A, Fuentes J, Benito R, Serrano P, Bajador E, Sainz R. Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients taking low-dose aspirin. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 779-86.
15. Deeks JJ, Smith LA, Bradley MD. Efficacy, tolerability and upper gastrointestinal safety of celecoxib for treatment of osteoarthritis and reumatoid arthritis: systematic review of randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2002 Sept; 325: 619-23.
16. Goldstein JL, Zhao SZ, Burke TA, Palmer R, von Allmen H, Henderson SC. Incidence of outpatient physicien claims for upper gastrointestinal symptoms among new users of celecoxib, ibuprofen and naproxen in an insured population in the United States. Am J. Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 2627-34.
17. Huang JQ, Sridhar S, Hunt RH. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and nosteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pectic ulcer disease: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2002; 359: 14-22.
18. Lai KC, Lau CS, Ip WY, Wong BC, Hui WM, Hu WH, et al. Effect of treatment of Helicobacter pylori on the prevention of gastroduodenal ulcers in 'patients receiving long-term NSAIDs: a double blind, placebo controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 799-805.
19. Chan FK, Chung SC, Suen BY, Lee YT, Leung WK, Leung VK, et al. Preventing recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection who are taking low-dose aspirin or naproxen. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 967-73.
20. Raghutath A, Hungin AP, Wooff D, Childs S. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with esophageal reflux disease: systematic review. BMJ 2003; 326: 737-43.
21. Cremonini F, Di Caro S, Delgado-Aros S, Sepúlveda A, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. Meta-analysis: the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 18: 279-89.
22. Kuipers EJ, Lundell L, Klinkenberg-Knol EC, Havu N, Festen HP, Liedman B, et al. Atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with reflux esophagitis treated with omeprazole or fundoplication. N Engl Med 1996; 334: 1018-22.
23. Lundell L, Miettinen P, Myrvlod HE, Pedersen SA, Thor K, Anersson A, et al. Lack of effect of acid suppression therapy on gastric atrophy. Nordic Gerd Study Group. Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 319-26.
24. Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrens esophagus. Med Clin (Barc) 2002; 119: 217-23.
25. Wong BC, Lam SK, Wong WM, Chen JS, Zheng TT, Feng RE, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication to prevent gastric cancer in a high risk region of China. JAMA 2004; 291: 187-94.
26. Peek RM. Jr. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori as a means towards eliminating gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2004; 127: 344-6.
27. El-Omar E, Oien K, Murray LS, El-Nujumi A, Wirz A, Gillen D, et al. Increased prevalence of precancerous changes in relatives of gastric cancer patients: critical role of Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: 22-30.
28. Puspok A, Raderer M, Chott A, Dragosics B, Gangl A, Schofl R. Endoscopic ultrasound in the follow up and response assessment of patients with primary gastric lymphoma. GUT 2002; 51: 691-4.
29. Fischbach W, Goebeler-Kolve ME, Dragosices B, Greiner A, Stolte M. Long term outcome of patients with gastric marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) following exclusive Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: experience from a large prospective series. Gut 2004; 53: 34-7.
30. Leodorter A, Wolle K, von-Arnim U, Kahl S, Treiben G, Eben MP, et al. Breath and string test: A diagnostic package for the identification of treatment failure and antibiotic resistence of Helicobacter pylori without the necessity of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11(4): 584-6.
31. Niv Y, Niv G, Koren R. 13C-urea breath test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in the elderly. Dig Dis Sci 2004; 49 (11-12): 1840-4.
32. Rautelin H, Lehours P, Megraud F. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2003; 8 (Supl. 1): 13-20.
33. Basset C, Holton J, Ricci C, Gatta L, Tampieri A, Perna F, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter: a 2002 updated review. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17 (Supl. 2) 89-97.
34. Vaira D, Gatta L, Ricci C, Miglioli M. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16 (Supl. 1): 16-23.
35. Bermejo F, Boixeda D, Gisbert JP, Defarges V, Sanz JM, Redondo C, et al. Rapid urease test utility for Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosis in gastric ulcer disease. Hepatogastroenterology 2002; 49: 572-5.
36. Midolo P, Marshall BJ. Accurate diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. Urease tests. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2000; 29: 871-8.
37. Graham DY, Klein PD. Accurate diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. 13C-urea breath test. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2000; 29: 885-93.
38. Gomollon F, Ducons JA, Santolaria S, Lera Omiste I, Guirao R, Ferrero M, et al. Breath test is very reliable for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in real clinical practice. Dig Liver Dis 2003; 35: 612-8.
39. Castro-Fernández M, Sánchez-Muñoz D, García-Díaz E, Miralles-Sanchiz J, Vargas-Romero J. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with bleeding ulcer disease: rapid urease test and histology. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2004; 96: 395-401.
40. Wildner-Christensen M, Touborg Lassen A, Lindebjerg J, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in bleeding peptic ulcer patients, evaluation of urea-based tests. Digestion 2002; 66: 9-13.
41. Lee JM, Breslin NP, Fallon C, O'Morain CA. Rapid urease tests lack sensitivity in Helicobacter pylori diagnosis when peptic ulcer disease presents with bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 1166-70.
42. Zambon CF, Basso D, Navaglia F, Mazza S, Razetti M, Fogar P, et al. Non-invasive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: simplified 13C-urea breath test, stool antigen testing, or DNA PCR in human feces in a clinical laboratory setting? Clin Biochem 2004; 37: 261-7.
43. Gisbert JP, Ducons J, Gomollon F, Domínguez-Muñoz JE, Borda F, Mino G, et al. Validation of the 13C-urea breath test for the initial diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and to confirm eradication after treatment. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2003; 95: 115-26.
44. Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Review article: C-urea breath test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection - a critical review. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20: 1001-17.
45. Leodolter A, Domínguez-Muñoz JE, von Arnim U, Kahl S, Peitz U, Malfertheiner P. Validity of a modified 13C-urea breath test for pre- and posttreatment diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in the routine clinical setting. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 2100-4.
46. Bilardi C, Biagini R, Dulbecco P, Iiritano E, Gambaro C, Mele MR, et al. Stool antigen assay (Helicobacter pyloriSA) is less reliable than urea breath test for post-treatment diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1733-8.
47. Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Stool antigen test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review. Helicobacter 2004; 9: 347-68.
48. Vaira D, Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, Axon AT, Deltenre M, Hirschl AM, et al. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection with a new non-invasive antigen-based assay. Helicobacter pylori SA European study group. Lancet 1999; 354: 30-3.
49. Vaira D, Menegatti M, Ricci C, Gatta L, Berardi S, Miglioli M. Accurate diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. Stool tests. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2000; 29: 917-23.
50. García-Díaz E, Castro-Fernández M, Romero-Gómez M, Vargas-Romero J. The effectiveness of (IgG-ELISA) serology as an alternative diagnostic method for detecting Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastro-intestinal bleeding due to gastro-duodenal ulcer. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2002; 94: 725-36.
51. Valle LM, Valdepérez J, Tirado M, Verduras D, Yus C, Gomollón F. Failure of rapid serology for Helicobacter pylori as diagnostic method in primary care consultation. Aten Primaria 2001; 28: 126-8.
52. Forne M, Domínguez J, Fernández-Banares F, Lite J, Esteve M, Gali N, et al. Accuracy of an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in stool specimens in the diagnosis of infection and posttreatment check-up. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 2200-5.
53. Laine L, Sugg J, Suchower L, Neil G. Endoscopic biopsy requirements for post-treatment diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. Gastrointest Endosc 2000; 51: 664-9.
54. Adachi K, Fujishiro H, Mihara T, Komazawa Y, Kinoshita Y. Influence of lansoprazole, famotidine, roxatidine and rebamipide administration on the urea breath test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 18: 168-71.
55. Manes G, Balzano A, Iaquinto G, Ricci C, Piccirillo MM, Giardullo N, et al. Accuracy of the stool antigen test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection before treatment and in patients on omeprazole therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 73-9.
56. Kubota K, Shimoyama S, Shimizu N, Noguchi C, Mafune K, Kaminishi M, et al. Studies of 13C-urea breath test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients after partial gastrectomy. Digestion 2002; 65: 82-6.
57. Schilling D, Jakobs R, Peitz U, Sulliga M, Stolte M, Riemann J, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of (13)C-urea breath test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with partial gastric resection due to peptic ulcer disease: a prospective multicenter study. Digestión 2001; 63: 8-13.
58. Chen TS, Chang FY, Lee SD. No difference of accuracy between capillary and venous blood in rapid whole blood test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Dig Dis Sci 2002; 47: 2519-22.
59. Hawthorne AB, Morgan S, Westmoreland D, Stenson R, Thomas GA, Newcombe RG. A comparison of two rapid whole-blood tests and laboratory serology, in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 11: 863-5.
60. Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Rapid whole blood test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Can it be recommended for the diagnosis of the infection in clinical practice? Med Clin (Barc) 2002; 118: 196-7.
61. Gisbert JP, Calvet X, González L, Pajares JM. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Proton pump inhibitor versus ranitidine bismuth citrate plus two antibiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication (En prensa).
62. Huang J, Hunt RH. The importance of clarithromycin dose in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis of triple therapies with a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxycillin or metronidazole [see comments]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13: 719-29.
63. Laheij RJ, Rossum LG, Jansen JB, Straatman H, Verbeek AL. Evaluation of treatment regimens to cure Helicobacter pylori infection- a meta-analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13: 857-64.
64. Gisbert JP, González L, Calvet X, García N, López T, Roque M, et al. Proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and either amoxycillin or nitroimidazole: a meta-analysis of eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14: 1319-28.
65. Fischbach LA, Goodman KJ, Feldman M, Aragaki C. Sources of variation of Helicobacter pylori treatment success in adults worldwide: a meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2002; 31: 128-39.
66. Gisbert JP, González L, Calvet X, Roque M, Gabriel R, Pajares JM. Helicobacter pylori eradication: proton pump inhibitor vs. ranitidine bismuth citrate plus two antibiotics for 1 week-a meta-analysis of efficacy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14: 1141-50.
67. Graham DY, Hammoud F, El-Zimaity HM, Kim JG, Osato MS, El-Serag HB. Meta-analysis: proton pump inhibitor or H2-receptor antagonist for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 1229-36.
68. Nash C, Fischbach L, Veldhuyzen van Zanten S. What are the global response rates to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy? Can J Gastroenterol 2003; 17 (Supl. B): 25B-29B.
69. Gene E, Calvet X, Azagra R, Gisbert JP. Triple vs. quadruple therapy for treating Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 1137-43.
70. Fischbach LA, Zanten SV, Dickason J. Meta-analysis: the efficacy, adverse events, and adherence related to first-line anti-Helicobacter pylori quadruple therapies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20: 1071-82.
71. Gisbert JP, Khorrami S, Calvet X, Pajares JM. Pantoprazole based therapies in Helicobacter pylori eradication: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 16: 89-99.
72. Gisbert JP, Khorrami S, Calvet X, Pajares JM. Systematic review: Rabeprazole-based therapies in Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 751-64.
73. Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Esomeprazole-based therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication: a meta-analysis. Dig Liver Dis 2004; 36: 253-9.
74. Annibale B, D'Ambra G, Luzzi I, Marcheggiano A, Iannoni C, Paoletti M, et al. Does pretreatment with omeprazole decrease the chance of eradication of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer patients? Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92: 790-4.
75. Adamek RJ, Pfaffenbach B, Szymanski C. Pre-treatment with pantoprazole affect the efficacy of a modern triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori cure? Gut 1997; 41 (Supl. 3): A211.
76. Bertoni G, Sassatelli R, Nigrisoli E, Tansini P, Bianchi G, Della Casa G, et al. Triple therapy with azithromycin, omeprazole, and amoxicillin is highly effective in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: a controlled trial versus omeprazole plus amoxicillin. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91: 258-63.
77. Gisbert JP, Boixeda D, Martín de Argila C. Tratamiento previo con omeprazol y Helicobacter pylori. ¿Disminuye la eficacia erradicadora de las "nuevas" terapias triples de una semana de duración? Med Clin (Barc) 1998; 111:716.
78. Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Is one-week proton-pump inhibitor-based triple therapy sufficient to heal peptic ulcer? (En prensa).
79. Colin R. Duodenal ulcer healing with 1-week eradication triple therapy followed, or not, by anti-secretory treatment: a multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1157-62.
80. Hsu CC, Lu SN, Changchien CS. One-week low-dose triple therapy without anti-acid treatment has sufficient efficacy on Helicobacter pylori eradication and ulcer healing. Hepatogastroenterology 2003; 50: 1731-4.
81. Labenz J, Idstrom JP, Tillenburg B, Peitz U, Adamek RJ, Borsch G. One-week low-dose triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori is sufficient for relief from symptoms and healing of duodenal ulcers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997; 11: 89-93.
82. Marzio L, Cellini L, Angelucci D. Triple therapy for 7 days vs. triple therapy for 7 days plus omeprazole for 21 days in treatment of active duodenal ulcer with Helicobacter pylori infection. A double blind placebo controlled trial. Dig Liver Dis 2003; 35: 20-3.
83. Tepes B, Krizman I, Gorensek M, Gubina M, Orel I. Is a one-week course of triple anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy sufficient to control active duodenal ulcer? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 1037-45.
84. Tulassay Z, Kryszewski A, Dite P, Kleczkowski D, Rudzinski J, Bartuzi Z, et al. One week of treatment with esomeprazole-based triple therapy eradicates Helicobacter pylori and heals patients with duodenal ulcer disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 13: 1457-65.
85. Gisbert JP, Boixeda D, Martín de Argila C, Álvarez Baleriola I, Abraira V, García Plaza A. Unhealed duodenal ulcers despite Helicobacter pylori eradication. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997; 32: 643-50.
86. Sung JJ, Leung WK, Ling TK, Yung MY, Chan FK, Lee YT, et al. One-week use of ranitidine bismuth citrate, amoxycillin and clarithromycin for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related duodenal ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998; 12: 725-30.
87. Treiber G, Lambert JR. The impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication on peptic ulcer healing. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93: 1080-4.
88. Leodolter A, Kulig M, Brasch H, Meyer-Sabellek W, Willich SN, Malfertheiner P. A meta-analysis comparing eradication, healing and relapse rates in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric or duodenal ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 1949-1958.
89. Higuchi K, Fujiwara Y, Tominaga K, Watanabe T, Shiba M, Nakamura S, et al. Is eradication sufficient to heal gastric ulcers in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori? A randomized, controlled, prospective study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 111-7.
90. Lai KC, Hui WM, Wong BC, Hu WH, Lam SK. Ulcer-healing drugs are required after eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastric ulcer but not duodenal ulcer haemorrhage. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14: 1071-6.
91. Gisbert JP, Marcos S, Gisbert JL, Pajares JM. Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy is more effective in peptic ulcer than in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 13: 1303-7.
92. Gisbert JP, Hermida C, Pajares JM. Are twelve days of omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin better than six days for treating Helicobacter pylori infection in peptic ulcer and in non-ulcer dyspepsia? Hepatogastroenterology 2001; 48: 1383-8.
93. de Boer WA, Tytgat GN. Should anti-Helicobacter therapy be different in patients with dyspepsia compared with patients with peptic ulcer diathesis? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 13: 1281-4.
94. Calvet X, Ducons J, Bujanda L, Bory F, Montserrat A, Gisbert JP. Seven vs. ten-day of rabeprazole triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a multicenter randomized trial (En prensa).
95. Gene E, Calvet X, Gisbert JP. Duración del tratamiento erradicador de Helicobacter pylori: siete o diez días. Estudio de coste efectividad (En prensa).
96. Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Helicobacter pylori therapy: first-line options and rescue regimen. Dig Dis 2001; 19: 134-43.
97. Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Review article: Helicobacter pylori "rescue" regimen when proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies fail. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1047-57.
98. Elizalde IR, Borda F, Jara C, Martínez A, Rodríguez C, Jiménez J. Eficacia de dos tratamientos consecutivos en la erradicación de Helicobacter pylori. Anales Sis San Navarra 1998; 21 (Supl. 2): 83-8.
99. Gomollon F, Ducons JA, Ferrero M, García Cabezudo J, Guirao R, Simón MA, et al. Quadruple therapy is effective for eradicating Helicobacter pylori after failure of triple proton-pump inhibitor-based therapy: a detailed, prospective analysis of 21 consecutive cases. Helicobacter 1999; 4: 222-5.
100. Gasbarrini A, Ojetti V, Pitocco D, Armuzzi A, Silveri NG, Pola P, et al. Efficacy of different Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens in patients affected by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000; 35: 260-3.
101. Lee JM, Breslin NP, Hyde DK, Buckley MJ, O'Morain CA. Treatment options for Helicobacter pylori infection when proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy fails in clinical practice. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13: 489-96.
102. Gisbert JP, Boixeda D, Bermejo F, Rincon M, Higes M, Arpa M, et al. Re-treatment after Helicobacter pylori eradication failure. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 11: 1049-54.
103. Gisbert JP, Gisbert JL, Marcos S, Gravalos RG, Carpio D, Pajares JM. Seven-day 'rescue' therapy after Helicobacter pylori treatment failure: omeprazole, bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole vs. ranitidine bismuth citrate, tetracycline and metronidazole. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13: 1311-6.
104. Boixeda D, Bermejo F, Martín de Argila C, López-Sanroman A, Defarges V, Hernandez-Ranz F, et al. Efficacy of quadruple therapy with pantoprazole, bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole as rescue treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1457-60.
105. Georgopoulos SD, Ladas SD, Karatapanis S, Triantafyllou K, Spiliadi C, Mentis A, et al. Effectiveness of two quadruple, tetracycline- or clarithromycin-containing, second-line, Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 569-75.
106. Marko D, Calvet X, Ducons J, Guardiola J, Tito L, Bory F, et al. Comparison of two management strategies for H. pylori treatment: clinical study and cost-effectiveness analysis. Helicobacter (En prensa).
107. Perri F, Festa V, Clémente R, Villani MR, Quitadamo M, Caruso N, et al. Randomized study of two "rescue" therapies for Helicobacter pylori-infected patients after failure of standard triple therapies. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 58-62.
108. Sicilia B, Sierra E, Lago A, Villar M, García S, Gomollon F. Alto índice de erradicación de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes con úlcera duodenal Iras fracaso de un tratamiento previo. Med Clin (Barc) 2000; 115: 641-3.
109. Baena Díez JM, López Mompo C, Rams Rams F, García Lareo M, Rosario Hernández Ibáñez M, et al. Eficacia de una terapia secuencial en la erradicación de Helicobacter pylori: cuádruple terapia con omeprazol, metronidazol, tetraciclina y bismuto tras el fracaso de la combinación de omeprazol, claritromicina y amoxicilina. Med Clin (Barc) 2000; 115: 617-9.
110. Michopoulos S, Tsibouris P, Bouzakis H, Balta A, Vougadiotis J, Broutet N, et al. Randomized study comparing omeprazole with ranitidine as anti-secretory agents combined in quadruple second-line Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14: 737-44.
111. Rinaldi V, Zullo A, De Francesco V, Hassan C, Winn S, Stoppino V, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication with proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies and re-treatment with ranitidine bismuth citrate-based triple therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13: 163-8.
112. Zullo A, Hassan C, Campo SM, Lorenzetti R, Febbraro I, De Matthaeis M, et al. A triple therapy regimen after failed Helicobacter pylori treatments. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 1193-7.
113. Gisbert JP, Fuentes J, Carpio D, Tito L, Guardiola J, Tomás A, et al. Terapia de rescate de Helicobacter pylori con ranitidina citrato de bismuto y dos antibióticos. Gastroenterol Hepatol (En prensa).
114. Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Helicobacter pylori "rescue" therapy after failure of two eradication treatments. A review (En prensa).
115. Gisbert JP, Calvet X, Bujanda L, Marcos S, Gisbert JL, Pajares JM. "Rescue" therapy with rifabutin after multiple Helicobacter pylori treatment failures. Helicobacter 2003; 8: 90-94.
116. Perri F, Festa V, Clemente R, Quitadamo M, Andriulli A. Rifabutin-based 'rescue therapy' for Helicobacter pylori infected patients after failure of standard regimens. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14: 311-6.
117. Bock H, Koop H, Lehn N, Heep M. Rifabutin-based triple therapy after failure of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment: preliminary experience. J Clin Gastroenterol 2000; 31: 222-5.
118. Canducci F, Ojetti V, Pola P, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. Rifabutin-based Helicobacter pylori eradication 'rescue therapy'. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 143.
119. Beales IL. Efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies: a single centre observational study. BMC Gastroenterol 2001; 1: 7.
120. Gisbert JP, Bujanda L, Calvet X, Gisbert JL, Marcos S, Olivares D, et al. Tratamiento de rescate con rifabutina tras múltiples fracasos erradicadores de H. pylori. Gastroenterol Hepatol (En prensa).
121. Heep M, Beck D. Bayerdorffer E, Lehn N. Rifampin and rifabutin resistance mechanism in Helicobacter pylori. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 1497-9.
122. Zullo A, Hassan C, De Francesco V, Lorenzetti R, Marignani M, Angeletti S, et al. A third-line levofloxacin-based rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Dig Liver Dis 2003; 35: 232-6.
123. Gisbert JP, Bermejo F, Ducons J, Pérez-Aisa A, Castro M, Benito LM, et al. Tratamiento de rescate con levofloxacino tras múltiples fracasos erradicadores de Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterol Hepatol (En prensa).
124. Treiber G, Ammon S, Malfertheiner P, Klotz U. Impact of furazolidone-based quadruple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori after previous treatment failures. Helicobacter 2002; 7: 225-31.
125. Gisbert J, Khorrami S, Carballo F, Calvet X, Gene E, Domínguez- Muñoz J. Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy vs. antisecretory non-eradication therapy (with or without long-term maintenance antisecretory therapy) for the prevention of recurrent bleeding from peptic ulcer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; 4: CD004062.
126. Gisbert JP, Khorrami S, Carballo F, Calvet X, Gene E, Domínguez-Muñoz E. Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy vs. antisecretory non-eradication therapy for the prevention of recurrent bleeding from peptic ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 19: 617-29.
127. Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Helicobacter pylori test-and-treat' strategy for dyspeptic patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 34: 644-52.
128. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: evaluation of dyspepsia. Gastroenterology 1998; 114: 579-81.
129. Hunt RH, Fallone CA, Thomson AB. Canadian Helicobacter pylori Consensus Conference update: infections in adults. Canadian Helicobacter Study Group. Can J Gastroenterol 1999; 13: 213-7.
130. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain C, Hungin AP, Jones R, Axon A, et al. Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus Report. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 167-80.
131. Monés J, Adán A, Segu JL. López JS, Artés MT, Guerrero T. Quality of life in functional dyspepsia. Dig Dis Sci 2002: 47(1): 20-6.
132. Delaney BC, Moayyedi P, Forman D. Initial management strategies for dyspepsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003: CD001961.
133. Lassen AT, Pedersen FM, Bytzer P, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB. Helicobacter pylori test-and-eradicate versus prompt endoscopy for management of dyspeptic patients: a randomised trial. Lancet 2000; 356: 455-60.
134. Duggan AE, Elliott CA, Hawkey CJ, Logan RF. Does initial management of patients dyspepsia alter symptom response and patient satisfaction? Results from a randomised trial. Gastroenterology 1999; 116: A151.
135. Heaney A, Collins JS, Watson RG, McFarland RJ, Bamford KB, Tham TC. A prospective randomised trial of a "test and treat" policy versus endoscopy based management in young Helicobacter pylori positive patients with ulcer-like dyspepsia, referred to a hospital clinic. Gut 1999; 45: 186-90.
136. McColl KE, Murray LS, Gillen D, Walker A, Wirz A, Fletcher J, et al. Randomised trial of endoscopy with testing for Helicobacter pylori compared with non-invasive H pylori testing alone in the management of dyspepsia. BMJ 2002; 324: 999-1002.
137. Arents NL, Thijs JC, van Zwet AA, Oudkerk Pool M, Gotz JM, van de Werf GT, et al. Approach to treatment of dyspepsia in primary care: a randomized trial comparing "test-and-treat" with prompt endoscopy. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163: 1606-12.
138. Lassen AT, Hallas J, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB. Helicobacter pylori test and eradicate versus prompt endoscopy for management of dyspeptic patients: 6.7 year follow up of a randomised trial. Gut 2004; 53: 1758-63.
139. Gisbert JP, Badia X, Roset M, Pajares JM. The TETRA study: a prospective evaluation of Helicobacter pylori 'test-and-treat' strategy on 736 patients in clinical practice. Helicobacter 2004; 9: 28-38.
140. Calvet X, Gisbert JP. Estrategia "test and treat" en la infección por Helicobacter pylori. ¿Dónde. cuándo y a quién? Gastroenterología Practica (En prensa).
141. Farkkila M, Sarna S, Valtonen V, Sipponen P. Does the 'test-and-treat' strategy work in primary health care for management of uninvestigated dyspepsia? A prospective two-year follow-up study of 1552 patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004; 39: 327-35.
142. Stevens R, Baxter G. Benefit of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the treatment of ulcer-like dyspepsia in primary care. Gastroenterology 2001; 120(Supl. 1): A50.
143. Chiba N, Van Zanten SJ, Sinclair P, Ferguson RA, Escobedo S, Grace E. Treating Helicobacter pylori infection in primary care patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia: the Canadian adult dyspepsia empiric treatment-Helicobacter pylori positive (CADET-Hp) randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2002; 324: 1012-6.
144. Manes G, Menchise A, de Nucci C, Balzano A. Empirical prescribing for dyspepsia: randomised controlled trial of test and treat versus omeprazole
145. Ladabaum U, Chey WD, Scheiman JM, Fendrick AM. Reappraisal of non-invasive management strategies for uninvestigated dyspepsia: a cost-minimization analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1491-501.
146. Gisbert JP, Boixeda D, Martín de Argila C, García Plaza A. Helicobacter pylori y dispepsia no ulcerosa: una asignatura pendiente. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1998; 90: 441-53.
147. Monés J. Tratamiento de la dispepsia funcional. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 23: 36-42.
148. Monés J, Guilera M, Artés M, López JS, Guerrero T, Filial O. Criterios de los médicos de atención primaria para la indicación de tratamiento con procinéticos o antisecretores en pacientes con dispepsia funcional. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2001; 93: 281-6.