Leaf demography and phenology in Amazonian rain forest: A census of 40 000 leaves of 23 tree species

Ecological Monographs

Volumn 74, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 3-23

  Reich, Peter B ^a   Uhl, Christopher ^b   Walters, Michael B ^c   Prugh, Laura ^d   Ellsworth, David S ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

Amazonian rain forest; Leaf life span; Leaf longevity; Light; Nutrients

Indexed keywords

LEAF; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; LONGEVITY; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PHENOLOGY; RAINFOREST;

AMAZONAS [VENEZUELA]; SAN CARLOS DE RIO NEGRO; SOUTH AMERICA; VENEZUELA; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 21344467273     PISSN: 00129615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/02-4047     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Ackerly, D. D. 1999. Self-shading, carbon gain and leaf dynamics: a test of alternative optimality models. Oecologia 119:300-310.
2. Ackerly, D. D., and F. A. Bazzaz. 1995. Leaf dynamics, self-shading and carbon gain in seedlings of a tropical pioneer tree. Oecologia 101:289-298.
3. Aide, T. M. 1993. Patterns of leaf development and herbivory in a tropical understory community. Ecology 74:455-466.
4. Bentley, B. L. 1979. Longevity of individual leaves in a tropical rain forest under-storey. Annals of Botany 43:119-121.
5. Borchert, R. 1980. Phenology and ecophysiology of tropical trees: Erythrina poeppigiana O.F. Cook. Ecology 61:1065-1074.
6. Chabot, B. F., and D. J. Hicks. 1982. The ecology of leaf life-spans. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 13:229-259.
7. Clark, D. B., D. A. Clark, and M. H. Grayum. 1992. Leaf demography of a neotropical rain forest cycad, Zamia skinneri (Zamiaceae). American Journal of Botany 79:28-33.
8. Coley, P. D. 1983. Herbivory and defensive characteristics of tree species in a lowland tropical forest. Ecological Monographs 53:209-233.
9. Coley, P. D. 1988. Effects of plant growth rate and leaf lifetime on the amount and type of anti-herbivore defense. Oecologia 74:531-536.
10. Cordell, S., G. Goldstein, F. C. Meinzer, and P. M. Vitousek. 2001. Regulation of leaf life-span and nutrient-use efficiency of Metrosideros polymorphas trees at two extremes of a long chronosequence in Hawaii. Oecologia 127:198-206.
11. Cuevas, E., and E. Medina. 1986. Nutrient dynamics within Amazonian forest ecosystems. I. Nutrient flux in fine litter fall and efficiency of nutrient utilization. Oecologia 68:466-472.
12. Ellsworth, D. S., and P. B. Reich. 1996. Photosynthesis and leaf nitrogen in five Amazonian tree species during early secondary succession. Ecology 77:581-594.
13. Fox, G. A. 1993. Failure time analysis: emergence, flowering, survivorship, and other waiting times. Chapter 12 in S. M. Scheiner and J. Gurevitch, editors. Design and analysis of ecological experiments. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
14. Frankie, G. W., H. G. Baker, and P. A. Opler. 1974. Comparative phenological studies of trees in tropical wet and dry forest in the lowlands of Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 62:881-919.
15. Hegarty, E. E. 1990. Leaf life-span and leafing phenology of lianas and associated trees during a rainforest succession. Journal of Ecology 78:300-312.
16. Kalbfleish, J. D., and R. L. Prentice. 1980. The statistical analysis of failure time data. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA.
17. Kikuzawa, K. 1991. A cost-benefit analysis of leaf habit and leaf longevity of trees and their geographical pattern. American Naturalist 138:1250-1263.
18. Kikuzawa, K., and D. Ackerly. 1999. Significance of leaf longevity in plants. Plant Species Biology 14:39-45.
19. Lowman, M. D. 1992a. Leaf growth dynamics and herbivory in five species of Australian rain-forest canopy trees. Journal of Ecology 80:433-447.
20. Lowman, M. D. 1992b. Herbivory in Australian rain forests, with particular reference to the canopies of Doryphora sassafras (Monimiaceae). Biotropica 24:263-272.
21. Lusk, C. H., and O. Contreras. 1999. Foliage area and crown nitrogen turnover in temperate rain forest juvenile trees of differing shade tolerance. Journal of Ecology 87:973-983.
22. Miyaji, K. I., W. S. Dasilva, and P. D. Alvim. 1997. Longevity of leaves of a tropical tree, Theobroma cacao, grown under shading, in relation to position within the canopy and timing of emergence. New Phytologist 135:445-454.
23. Mulkey, S. S., K. Kitajima, and S. J. Wright. 1995. Photosynthetic capacity and leaf longevity in the canopy of a dry tropical forest. Selbyana 16:169-173.
24. Nitta, I., and M. Ohsawa. 1997. Leaf dynamics and shoot phenology of eleven warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved trees near their northern limit in central Japan. Plant Ecology 130:71-88.
25. Pons, T. L., and W. Jordi. 1998. Induction of leaf senescence and shade acclimation in leaf canopies- variation with leaf longevity. Pages 121-137 in H. Lambers, H. Poorter, and M. Van Vureen, editors. Inherent variation in plant growth. Backhuys, Leiden, The Netherlands.
26. Reich, P. B. 1995. Phenology of tropical forests: patterns, causes and consequences. Canadian Journal of Botany 73:164-174.
27. Reich, P. B., and R. Borchert. 1984. Water stress and tree phenology in a tropical dry forest in the lowlands of Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 72:61-74.
28. Reich, P. B., D. S. Ellsworth, and C. Uhl. 1995. Leaf carbon and nutrient assimilation and conservation in species of differing successional status in an oligotrophic Amazonian forest. Functional Ecology 9:65-76.
29. Reich, P. B., D. S. Ellsworth, M. B. Walters, J. M. Vose, C. Gresham, J. C. Volin, and W. D. Brown. 1999. Generality of leaf trait relationships: a test across six biomes. Ecology 80:1955-1969.
30. Reich, P. B., C. Uhl, M. B. Walters, and D. S. Ellsworth. 1991. Leaf life-span as a determinant of leaf structure and function among 23 Amazonian tree species. Oecologia 86:16-24.
31. Reich, P. B., M. B. Walters, and D. S. Ellsworth. 1992. Leaf life-span in relation to leaf, plant and stand characteristics among diverse ecosystems. Ecological Monographs 62:365-392.
32. Reich, P. B., M. B. Walters, and D. S. Ellsworth. 1997. From tropics to tundra: global convergence in plant functioning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 94:13730-13734.
33. Reich, P. B., M. B. Walters, D. S. Ellsworth, and C. Uhl. 1994. Photosynthesis-nitrogen relations in Amazonian tree species. I. Patterns among species and communities. Oecologia 97:62-72.
34. Rose, S. A. 2000. Leaf life-spans of seedlings of eight species in the Guyanese tropical rain forest. Pages 65-76 in Seeds, seedlings and gaps - size matters. Tropenbos-Guyana Series 9, Georgetown, Guyana.
35. SAS. 1997. JMP software. Version 3.2.2. SAS, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
36. Schoettle, A. W. 1990. The interaction between leaf longevity and shoot growth and foliar biomass per shoot in Pinus contorta at two elevations. Tree Physiology 7:209-214.
37. Schoettle, A. W., and W. K. Smith. 1991. Interrelation between shoot characteristics and solar irradiance in the crown of Pinus contorta spp. latifolia. Tree Physiology 9:245-254.
38. Sharpe, J. M. 1997. Leaf growth and demography of the rheophytic fern Thelypteris angustifolia (Willdenow) Proctor in a Puerto Rican rainforest. Plant Ecology 130:203-212.
39. Shukla, R. P., and P. S. Ramakrishnan. 1984. Leaf dynamics of tropical trees related to successional status. New Phytologist 97:697-706.
40. Sterck, F. J. 1999. Crown development in tropical rain forest trees in gaps and understory. Plant Ecology 143:89-98.
41. Thomas, S. C., and F. A. Bazzaz. 1999. Asymptotic height as a predictor of photosynthetic characteristics in Malaysian rain forest trees. Ecology 80:1607-1622.
42. Tjoelker, M. G., J. C. Volin, J. Oleksyn, and P. B. Reich. 1995. Interaction of ozone pollution and light effects on photosynthesis in a forest canopy experiment. Plant, Cell and Environment 18:895-905.
43. Uhl, C. 1987. Factors controlling succession following slash-and-burn agriculture in Amazonia. Journal of Ecology 75:377-387.
44. Valladares, F., S. J. Wright, E. Lasso, K. Kitajima, and R. W. Pearcy. 2000. Plastic phenotypic response to light of 16 congeneric shrubs from a Panamanian rainforest. Ecology 81:1925-1936.
45. Vaupel, J. W., et al. 1998. Biodemographic trajectories of longevity. Science 280:855-860.
46. Williams, K., C. Field, and H. A. Mooney. 1989. Relationships among leaf construction costs, leaf longevity, and light environment in rainforest plants of the genus Piper. American Naturalist 133:198-211.
47. Williams, R. J., B. A. Myers, W. J. Muller, G. A. Duff, and D. Eamus. 1997. Leaf phenology of woody species in a north Australian tropical savanna. Ecology 78:2542-2558.
48. Williams-Linera, G. 2000. Leaf demography and leaf traits of temperate-deciduous and tropical evergreen broad-leaved trees in a Mexican montane cloud forest. Plant Ecology 149:233-244.