The expression of rac1 pseudogene in human tissues and in human brain tumors

European Surgical Research

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 100-104

  Hwang, S L ^a   Chang, J H ^a   Cheng, C Y ^a   Howng, S L ^a   Sy, W D ^a   Lieu, A S ^a   Lin, C L ^a   Lee, K S ^a   Hong, Y R ^a  

^a KAOHSIUNG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Brain tumors; Pseudogene; rac1 gene

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASTROCYTOMA; BRAIN TUMOR; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL STRUCTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE OVEREXPRESSION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPOPHYSIS ADENOMA; MENINGIOMA; NORTHERN BLOTTING; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSEUDOGENE; RAC1 GENE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TUMOR GROWTH;

ASTROCYTOMA; BASE SEQUENCE; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PSEUDOGENES; RAC1 GTP-BINDING PROTEIN; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

EID: 20844449247     PISSN: 0014312X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000084540     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Didsbury J, Weber RF, Bokoch GM, Evans T, Snyderman R: rac, a novel ras-related family of proteins that are botulinum toxin substrates. J Biol Chem 1989;264:16378-16382.
2. Shirsat NV, Pignolo RJ, Kreider BL, Rovera G: A member of the ras gene superfamily is expressed specifically in T, B and myeloid hemopoietic cells. Oncogene 1990;5:769-772.
3. Tang Y, Chen Z, Ambrose D, Liu J, Gibbs JB, Chernoff J, Field J: Kinase-deficient Pak1 mutants inhibit Ras transformation of Rat-1 fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 1997;17:4454-4464.
4. Tang Y, Yu J, Field J: Signals from the Ras, Rac, and Rho GTPases converge on the Pak protein kinase in Rat-1 fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 1999;19:1881-1891.
5. Olson MF, Ashworth A, Hall A: An essential role for Rho, Rac and Cdc42 GTPases in cell cycle progression through G1. Science 1995;269:1270-1272.
6. Khosravi-Far R, Solski PA, Clark GJ, Kinch MS, Der CJ: Activation of Rac1, RhoA, and mitogen-activated protein kinases is required for Ras transformation. Mol Cell Biol 1995;15:6443-6453.
7. Zhao ZS, Manser E, Chen XQ, Chong C, Leung T, Lim L: A conserved negative regulatory region in alphaPAK: Inhibition of PAK kinases reveals their morphological roles downstream of Cdc42 and Rac1. Mol Cell Biol 1998;18:2153-2163.
8. Sells MA, Boyd JT, Chernoff J: p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) regulates cell motility in mammalian fibroblasts. J Cell Biol 1999;145:837-849.
9. Michiels F, Habets GG, Stam JC, van der Kammen RA, Collard JG: A role for Rac in Tiam1-induced membrane ruffling and invasion. Nature 1995;375:338-340.
10. Schmitz A, Govek E, Bottner B, Van Aelst L: Rho GTPases: Signaling, migration and invasion. Exp Cell Res 2000;261:1-12.
11. Evers EE, Zondag GC, Malliri A, Price LS, ten Klooster JP, van der Kammen RA, Collard JG: Rho family proteins in cell adhesion and cell migration. Eur J Cancer 2000;36:1269-1274.
12. Senger DL, Tudan C, Guiot MC, Mazzoni IE, Molenkamp G, LeBlanc R, Antel J, Olivier A, Snipes GJ, Kaplan DR: Suppression of Rac activity induces apoptosis of human glioma cells but not normal human astrocytes. Cancer Res 2002;62:2131-2140.
13. Hwang SL, Hong YR, Sy WD, Lieu AS, Lin CL, Lee KS, Howng SL: Rac1 gene mutations in human brain tumors. Eur J Surg Oncol 2004;30:68-72.
14. Mighell AJ, Smith NR, Robinson PA, Markham AF: Vertebral pseudogenes. FEBS Lett 2000;468:109-114.
15. Vanin EF: Processed pseudogenes: Characteristics and evolution. Annu Rev Genet 1985;19:253-272.
16. McCarrey JR, Kumari M, Aivaliotis MJ, Wang Z, Zhang P, Marshall F, Vandeberg JL: Analysis of the cDNA and encoded protein of the human testis-specific PGK-2 gene. Dev Genet 1996;19:321-332.
17. Fujii GH, Morimoto AM, Berson AE, Bolen JB: Transcriptional analysis of the PTEN/ MMAC1 pseudogene, psiPTEN. Oncogene 1999;18:1765-1769.
18. Olsen MA, Schechter LE: Cloning, mRNA localization and evolutionary conservation of a human 5-HT7 receptor pseudogene. Gene 1999;227:63-69.
19. Haataja L, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N: Characterization of rac3, a novel member of the Rho family. J Biol Chem 1997;272:20384-20388.
20. Fritz G, Brachetti C, Bahlmann F, Schmidt M, Kaina B: Rho GTPases in human breast tumors: Expression and mutation analyses and correlation with clinical parameters. Br J Cancer 2002;87:635-644.
21. Lozano E, Betson M, Braga VMM: Tumor progression: Small GTPases and loss of cell-cell adhesion. Bioessays 2003;25:452-463.