The normative mulattoes: The press, latinos, and the racial climate on the moving immigration frontier

Sociological Perspectives

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 49-75

  Padín, José Antonio ^a  

^a PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 20744447882     PISSN: 07311214     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/sop.2005.48.1.49     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Acuña, Rodolfo. 1981. Occupied America: The Chicano's Struggle toward Liberation. New York: Harper & Row.
2. Alexander, Jeffrey. 1992. "Citizen and Enemy as Symbolic Classification." Pp. 289-308 in Cultivating Differences, edited by M. Lamont and M. Fournier. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3. Allen, Richard L. 1994. "Structural Equality in Black in White." Howard Journal of Communications 5(1):69-91.
4. Almaguer, Tomas. 1994. Racial Fault Lines: The Historical Origins of White Supremacy in California. Berkeley: University of California Press.
5. Andrews, George Reid. 1991. Blacks and Whites in São Paulo Brazil, 1888-1988. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
6. Aptheker, Herbert. 1992. Anti-racism in U.S. History: The First Two Hundred Years. New York: Green wood Press.
7. Audit Bureau of Circulations. 2003. "ABC: eCirc for Newspapers." http://abcas3.accessabc.com/ecirc/index.html. Retrieved November 2003.
8. Ball-Rokeach, Sandra J., Multon Rokeach, and Joel W. Grube. 1984. The Great American Values Test: Influencing Behavior and Belief through Television. New York: Free Press.
9. Blalock, Hubert M. 1956. "Economic Discrimination and Negro Increase." American Sociological Review 21:584-88.
10. Bobo, Lawrence. 1997. "Race, Public Opinion, and the Social Sphere." Public Opinion Quarterly 61:1-15.
11. _. 2001. "Racial Attitudes and Relations at the Close of the Twentieth Century." Pp. 264-301 in America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences, edited by N. J. Smelser, W. J. Wilson, and F. Mitchell. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
12. Bobo, Lawrence and James R. Kluegel. 1993. "Opposition to Race-targeting: Self-interest, Stratification Ideology, or Racial Attitudes." American Sociological Review 58(4):443-64.
13. Bobo, Lawrence D., Melvin L. Oliver, James H. Johnson Jr., and Abel Valenzuela Jr., eds. 2000. Prismatic Metropolis: Inequality in Los Angeles. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
14. Bobo, Lawrence and Camile L. Zubrinsky. 1996. "Attitudes toward Residential Integration: Perceived Status Differences, Mere In-Group Preference, or Racial Prejudice?" Social Forces 74:883-909.
15. Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2002. "We Are All Americans!: The Latin Americanization of Racial Stratification in the USA." Race and Society 5(1):3-16.
16. Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo and Karen S. Glover. 2004. "'We are All Americans': The Latin Americanization of Race Relations in the U.S." Pp. 149-83 in Changing Terrain of Race and Ethnicity, edited by Maria Keysan and Amanda Lewis. New York: Russell Sage.
17. Brown, Michael K., Martin Carnoy, Elliot Currie, Troy Duster, and David B. Oppenheimer. 2003. Whitewashing Race: The Myth of a Color-Blind Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
18. Catanzarite, Lisa. 2000. "Brown Collar Jobs: Occupational Segregation and Earnings of Recent-Immigrant Latinos." Sociological Perspectives 43:45-76.
19. Cox, Oliver Cromwell. 1959. Caste, Class, and Race: A Study in Social Dynamics. New York: Monthly Review Press.
20. Dávila, Arlene. 2001. Latinos Inc.: The Marketing and Making of a People. Berkeley: University of California Press.
21. De León, Arnoldo. 1983. They Called them Greasers: Anglo Attitudes towards Mexicans in Texas, 1821-1900. Austin: University of Texas Press.
22. Denton, Nancy A. and Douglas S. Massey. 1989. "Racial Identity among Caribbean Hispanics: The Effect of Double Minority Status on Residential Segregation." American Sociological Review 54:790-806.
23. Dixon, Travis L. and Daniel Linz. 2000a. "Overrepresentation and Underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos as Lawbreakers on Television News." Journal of Communication 50:131-54.
24. _. 2000b. "Race and the Misrepresentation of Victimization on Local Television News." Communication Research 27:547-63.
25. Domke, David. 2000. "Strategic Elites, the Press, and Race Relations." Journal of Communication 50:115-40.
26. Entman, Robert M. 1990. "Modern Racism and the Images of Blacks in Local Television News." Critical Studies in Mass Communication 7(4):332-45.
27. Eschholz, Sara, Ted Chericos, and Marc Gertz. 2003. "Television and Fear of Crime: Program Types, Audience Traits, and the Mediating Effects of Perceived Neighborhood Racial Composition." Social Problems 50(3):395-405.
28. Feagin, Joe R. and Hernan Vera. 1995. White Racism: The Basics. New York: Routledge.
29. Fishman, Joshua A. and Heriberto Casiano. 1969. "Puerto Ricans in Our Press." Modern Languages Journal 53:157-62.
30. Fishman, Mark. 1980. Manufacturing the News. Austin: University of Texas Press.
31. Foley, Neil. 2002. "Becoming Hispanic: Mexican Americans and Whiteness." Pp. 49-57 in White Privilege, edited by P. S. Rothenberg. New York: Worth.
32. Freeman, Richard B. and William M. Rodgers III. 1999. Area Economic Conditions and the Labor Market Outcomes of Young Men in the 1990s Expansion. NBER Working Paper No. 7073. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
33. Foner, Nancy and George Fredrickson. 2004. Not Just Black and White: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Immigration, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
34. Gandy, Oscar H., Katharina Kopp, Tanya Hands, Karen Frazer, and David Phillips. 1997. "Race and Risk." Public Opinion Quarterly 61:158-82.
35. Gans, Herbert. 1979. Deciding What's News. New York: Pantheon.
36. _. 2001. "The Possibility of a New Racial Hierarchy in the Twenty-first-Century United States." Pp. 642-50 in Social Stratification, edited by D. B. Grusky. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
37. Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
38. Gitlin, Todd. 1980. The Whole World Is Watching. Berkeley: University of California Press.
39. Glasser, Theodore L. and James S. Ettema. 1991. "Investigative Journalism and the Moral Order." Pp. 203-25 in Critical Perspectives on Media and Society, edited by R. K. Avery and D. Eason. New York: Guilford Press.
40. Goffman, Erving. 1963. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
41. Goode, Judith. 1998. "The Contingent Construction of Local Identities." Identities 5(1):33-64.
42. Greenberg, Bradley S., Carrie Heeter, Judee K. Burgoon, Michael Burgoon, and Felipe Korzenny. 1980. Life on Television: Content Analyses of U.S. TV Drama. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
43. _. 1983. "Local Newspaper Coverage of Mexican Americans." Journalism Quarterly 60:671-76.
44. Hall, Stuart. 1991. "Signification, Representation, Ideology: Althusser and the Post-Structuralist Debates." Pp. 88-113 in Critical Perspectives on Media and Society, edited by R. K. Avery and D. Eason. New York: Guilford Press.
45. Hartigan, John, Jr. 1999. Racial Situations: Class Predicaments of Whiteness in Detroit. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
46. Herman, Edward S. and Noam Chomsky. 1988. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon Books.
47. Hughes, Diane. 2003. "Correlates of African American and Latino Parents' Messages to Children about Ethnicity and Race: A Comparative Study of Racial Socialization." American Journal of Community Psychology 31(1-2):15-33.
48. Huntington, Samuel P. 2004. "The Hispanic Challenge." Foreign Policy 141 (March-April). http://www.foreignpolicy.com. Retrieved May 2004.
49. Iyengar, Shanto. 1991. Is Anyone Responsible? How Television Frames Political Issues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
50. Iyengar, Shanto and Donald R. Kinder. 1987. News That Matters: Television and American Public Opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
51. Katz, Michael B. 1993. "The Urban 'Underclass' as a Metaphor of Social Transformation." Pp. 3-23 in The "Underclass" Debate: Views from History, edited by M. B. Katz. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
52. Kelley, Robin D. G. 1997. Yo' Mama's Disfunktional! Fighting the Culture Wars in Urban America. Boston: Beacon Press.
53. Kinder, Donald R. and David O. Sears. 1981. "Prejudice and Politics: Symbolic Racism versus Racial Threats to the Good Life." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 40:414-31.
54. Krysan, Maria. 2002. "Community Undesirability in Black and White: Examining Racial Residential Preferences through Community Perceptions." Social Problems 49(4):521-43.
55. Lang, Gladys Engel and Kurt Lang. 1983. The Battle for Public Opinion: The President, the Press and the Polls during Watergate. New York: Columbia University Press.
56. Leiker, James N. 2002. "Race Relations in the Sunflower State. " Kansas History 25(3):214-36.
57. Lichter, S. Robert and Daniel R. Amundson. 1996. "Don't Blink: Hispanics in Television Entertainment." National Council of La Raza, Washington, D.C.
58. Lippard, George. 1847. Legends of Mexico. Philadelphia: T. B. Peterson.
59. Lopez, Nancy. 2002. "Race-Gender Experiences and Schooling: Second-Generation Dominican, West Indian, and Haitian Youth in New York City." Race, Ethnicity, and Education 5(1):67-89.
60. Lundberg, Shelly J. and Richard Startz. 2000. "Inequality and Race: Models and Policy." Pp. 269-95 in Meritocracy and Economic Inequality, edited by K. Arrow, S. Bowles, and S. Durlauf. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
61. Massey, Douglas S. 2001. "Residential Segregation and Neighborhood Conditions in U.S. Metropolitan Areas." Pp. 391-434 in America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences, vol. 1, edited by N. J. Smelser, W. J. Wilson, and F. Mitchell. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
62. Massey, Douglas S. and Brooks Bitterman. 1985. "Explaining the Paradox of Puerto Rican Segregation." Social Forces 64:306-27.
63. Massey, Douglas S. and Garvey Lundy. 2001. "Use of Black English and Racial Discrimination in Urban Housing Markets." Urban Affairs Review 36(4):452.
64. Matute-Bianchi, Maria Eugenia. 1986. "Ethnic Identities and Patterns of School Success and Failure among Mexican-descent and Japanese American Students in a California High School: An Ethnographic Analysis." American Journal of Education 95:233-55.
65. McChesney, Robert W. 1999. Rich Media, Poor Democracy: Communication Politics in Dubious Times. New York: New Press.
66. McCombs, Maxwell and Donald Shaw. 1972. "The Agenda-setting Function of Mass Media." Public Opinion Quarterly 36:176-87.
67. McManus, John M. 1994. Market-driven Journalism: Let the Citizen Beware? Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
68. Mendelberg, Tali. 1997. "Executing Hortons: Racial Crime in the 1988 Presidential Campaign." Public Opinion Quarterly 61:134-57.
69. Méndez-Méndez, Serafín and Dianne Alverio. 2001. "Network Brownout 2001: The Portrayal of Latinos in Network Television News, 2000." Report prepared for the National Association of Hispanic Journalists.
70. Montejano, David. 1987. Anglos and Mexicans in the Making of Texas, 1836-1986. Austin: University of Texas Press.
71. National Council of La Raza. 1997. "Out of the Picture: Hispanics in the Media." Pp. 21-35 in Latin Looks: Images of Latinas and Latinos in the United States, edited by C. E. Rodriguez. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
72. Newcomb, Horace M. 1991. "On the Dialogic Aspects of Mass Communications." Pp. 69-87 in Critical Perspectives on Media and Society, edited by R. K. Avery and D. Eason. New York: Guilford Press.
73. Nielsen Media Research. 2002. "Consumer Survey on Media Usage. " Federal Communications Commission, Washington, DC.
74. Noriega, Chon. 1997. "Citizen Chicano: The Trials and Titillations of Ethnicity in the American Cinema, 1935-62." Pp. 85-103 in Latin Looks: Images of Latinas and Latinos in the United States, edited by C. E. Rodriguez. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
75. Oliver, Mary Beth and Dana Fonash. 2002. "Race and Crime in the News: Whites' Identification and Misidentification of Violent and Nonviolent Criminal Suspects." Media Psychology 4(4):137-56.
76. Pager, Devah. 2003. "The Mark of a Criminal Record." American Journal of Sociology 108(5):937-75.
77. Parsons, Talcott. 1949. The Structure of Social Action. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
78. Peffley, Mark and John Hurwitz. 1997. "Racial Stereotypes and Whites' Political Views of Blacks in the Context of Welfare and Crime." American Journal of Political Science 41(1):30-60.
79. Pike, Fredrick P. 1992. The United States and Latin America: Myths and Stereotypes of Civilization and Nature. Austin: University of Texas Press.
80. Pitti, Stephen J. 2003. The Devil in Silicon Valley: Northern California, Race, and Mexican Americans. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
81. Portes, Alejandro and Ruben G. Rumbaut. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
82. Ramos-Zayas, Ana Yolanda. 2003. National Performance: The Politics of Class, Race, and Space in Puerto Rican Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
83. Reed, Adolph, Jr., ed. 1999. Without Justice for All: The New Liberalism and Our Retreat from Equality. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
84. Ridgeway, Cecilia L. 2000. "Social Difference Codes and Social Connections." Sociological Perspectives 43:1-12.
85. Rodriguez, Clara E. 1997. "Latin Looks: Images of Latinas and Latinos in the U.S. Media." Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
86. Rogers, Everett M. and James Dearing. 1988. "Agenda-setting Research: Where Has It Been and Where Is It Going?" Pp. 555-94 in Communication Yearbook, vol. 11, edited by J. A. Anderson. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
87. Romo, Ricardo. 1983. East Los Angeles: History of a Barrio. Austin: University of Texas Press.
88. Savage, Michael. 2003. Savage Nation: Saving America from the Liberal Assault on Our Borders, Language and Culture. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson.
89. Schuman, Howard, Charlotte Steeh, Lawrence Bobo, and Maria Krysan. 1997. Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
90. Sears, David O. 1988. "Symbolic Racism." Pp. 53-84 in Eliminating Racism: Profiles in Controversy, edited by P. A. Katz and D. A. Taylor. New York: Plenum.
91. Sears, David O., Colette Van Laar, Mary Carrillo, and Rick Kosterman. 1997. "Is It Really Racism? The Origins of White Americans' Opposition to Race-targeted Policies." Public Opinion Quarterly 61:16-53.
92. Simon, Rita J. and Susan H. Alexander. 1993. The Ambivalent Welcome: Print Media, Public Opinion and Immigration. Westport, CT: Praeger.
93. Sniderman, Paul M. and Edward G. Carmines. 1997. Reaching Beyond Race. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
94. Skotnes, Andor. 1996. "The Communist Party, Anti-Racism, and the Freedom Movement: Baltimore, 1930-34." Science and Society 60(2):164-94.
95. Stavans, Ilan. 2001. The Hispanic Condition: The Power of a People. New York: Rayo/Harper-Collins.
96. Steinberg, Stephen. 1995. Turning Back: The Retreat from Racial Justice in American Thought and Policy. Boston: Beacon Press.
97. Stocking, S. Holly and Paget Gross. 1989. How Do Journalists Think? A Proposal for the Study of Cognitive Bias in the Newsroom. Bloomington: Eric Clearinghouse, Indiana University.
98. Sugrue, Thomas J. 1996. The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
99. Tuchman, Gave. 1978. Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality. New York: Free Press.
100. Turk, J. V., J. Richard, R. L. Bryson Jr., and S. M. Johnson. 1989. "Hispanic Americans in the News in Two Southwestern Cities." Journalism Quarterly 66:107-13.
101. Twine, France Winddance. 1998. Racism in a Racial Democracy: The Maintenance of White Supremacy in Brazil. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
102. Urciuoli, Bonnie. 1996. Exposing Prejudice: Puerto Rican Experiences of Language, Race, and Class. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
103. Valdés, Dennis Nodín. 1991. Al Norte: Agricultural Workers in the Great Lakes Region, 1917-1970. Austin: University of Texas Press.
104. Valdés, Dionicio Nodín. 2000. Barrios Norteños: St. Paul and Midwestern Mexican Communities in the Twentieth Century. Austin: University of Texas Press.
105. Valle, Victor M. and Rodolfo D. Torres. 2000. Latino Metropolis. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
106. van den Berghe, Pierre L. 1967. Race and Racism: A Comparative Perspective. New York: Wiley.
107. Vargas, Lucila. 2000. "Genderizing Latino News: An Analysis of a Local Newspaper's Coverage of Latino Current Affairs." Critical Studies in Media Communication 17:261-92.
108. Wade, Peter. 1993. Blackness and Race Mixture: The Dynamics of Racial Identity in Colombia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
109. Waters, Mary. 1999. Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant Dreams and American Realities. New York and Cambridge, MA: Russell Sage Foundation and Harvard University Press.
110. Welch, Susan and Lee Sigelman. 2000. "Getting to Know You? Latino-Anglo Social Contact." Social Science Quarterly 81:67-83.
111. Wilson, William J. 1996. When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. New York: Knopf.
112. Wright, Winthrop R. 1990. Cafe con Leche: Race, Class, and National Image in Venezuela. Austin: University of Texas Press.
113. Wu, Frank H. 2002. Yellow: Race in America beyond Black and White. New York: Basic Books.
114. Zubrinsky, Camile and Lawrence Bobo. 1996. "Prismatic Metropolis: Race and Residential Segregation in the City of Los Angeles." Social Science Research 25:335-74.