Overrepresentation and underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos as lawbreakers on television news

Journal of Communication

Volumn 50, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 131-154

  Dixon, Travis L ^b   Linz, Daniel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034417942     PISSN: 00219916     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02845.x     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Armstrong, B., & Neuendorf, C. (1992). TV entertainment, news, and racial perceptions of college students. Journal of Communication, 42(3), 153-176.
2. Barlow, M. H., Barlow, D. E., & Chiricos, T. G. (1995). Economic conditions and ideologies of crime in the media: A content analysis of crime news. Crime & Delinquency, 47(1), 3-19.
3. Bogatz, G. A., & Ball, S. (1972). The second year of Sesame Street: A continuing evaluation. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
4. California Department of Justice. (1996). Criminal justice profile, 1995: Los Angeles & Orange County. Sacramento, CA: Division of Law Enforcement, Bureau of Criminal Information and Analysis, Law Enforcement Information Center.
5. California Department of Justice. (1997). Criminal justice profile, 1996: Los Angeles & Orange County. Sacramento, CA: Division of Law Enforcement, Bureau of Criminal Information and Analysis, Law Enforcement Information Center.
6. Clark, C. (1973). The concept of legitimacy in Black psychology. In E. G. Epps (Ed.), Race relations: Current perspectives (pp. 332-354). Cambridge, MA: Winthrop.
7. Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 37-46.
8. County of Orange. (1996). County of Orange statistical picture (Comp. Codes 060, 062, 109, 143, 026, 116, 122). Orange, CA: County of Orange Equal Employment Opportunity Access Office.
9. Delgado, R. (1994). Rodrigo's eight chronicle: Black crime, White fears - on the social construction of threat. Virginia Law Review, 80, 503-548.
10. Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 5-18.
11. Deroche, C., & Deroche, J. (1991). Black and White: Racial construction in television police dramas. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 23(3), 69-91.
12. Dominick, J. R. (1978). Crime and law enforcement in the mass media. In C. Winick (Ed.), Deviance and mass media (pp. 105-128). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
13. Dorfman, L., Woodruff, K., Chavez, V., & Wallack, L. (1997). Youth and violence on local television news in California. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 1311-1316.
14. Entman, R. (1992). Blacks in the news: Television, modern racism, and cultural change. Journalism Quarterly, 69, 341-361.
15. Entman, R. (1994). Representation and reality in the portrayal of Blacks on network television news. Journalism Quarterly, 71, 509-520.
16. Fitzgerald, M. (1994). State of Hispanic America. Editor & Publisher, 127(32), 11.
17. Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding what's news: A study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time. New York: Pantheon Books.
18. Gerbner, G. (1969). Toward "cultural indicators": The analysis of mass mediated public message systems. AV Communication Review, 17(2), 137-148.
19. Gerbner, G. (1990). Epilogue: Advancing the path of righteousness (maybe). In N. Signorielli & M. Morgan (Eds.), Cultivation analysis: New directions in media effects research (pp. 242-262). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
20. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1980). The "mainstreaming" of America: Violence profile no. 11. Journal of Communication, 30(3), 10-29.
21. Gilliam, F. D., Iyengar, S., Simon, A., & Wright, O. (1996). Crime in Black and White: The violent, scary world of local news. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 1, 623.
22. Gordon, Randall A. (1988). Perceptions of blue-collar and white-collar crime: The effect of defendant race on simulated juror decisions. Journal of Social Psychology, 128(2), 191-197.
23. Gorn, G. I., Goldberg, M. E., & Kanungo, R. N. (1976), The role of educational television in changing intergroup attitudes of children. Child Development, 47, 277-280.
24. Graber, D. A. (1980). Crime news and the public. New York: Praeger.
25. Hall, S., Critcher, C., Jefferson, T., Clarke, J., & Roberts, B. (1978). Policing the crisis: Mugging, the state, and law and order. New York: Holmes & Meier.
26. Hamilton, D. L., Stroessner, S. J., & Driscoll, D. M. (1994). Social cognition and the study of stereotyping. In P. G. Devine, D. L. Hamilton, & T. M. Ostrom (Eds.), Social cognition: Impact on social psychology (pp. 292-323). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
27. Imrich, D. J., Mullin, C., & Linz, D. (1995). Measuring the extent of prejudicial pretrial publicity in major American newspapers: A content analysis. Journal of Communication, 45(3), 94-117.
28. Iyengar, S., & Kinder, D. (1987). News that matters. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
29. Jerin, R. A., & Fields, C. B. (1994). Murder and mayhem in USA Today: A quantitative analysis of the national reporting of states' news. In G. Barak (Ed.), Media, process, and the social construction of crime: Studies in newsmaking criminology (pp. 187-202). New York: Garland.
30. Johnson, J. D., Adams, M. S., Hall, W., & Ashburn, L. (1997). Race, media and violence: Differential racial effects of exposure to violent news stories. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 19(1), 81-90.
31. Jones, J. M. (1986). Racism: A cultural analysis of the problem. In J. Dovidio & S. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 279-314). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
32. Kaniss, P. (1991). Making local news. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
33. Klite, P. K., Bardwell, R. A., & Salzman, J. (1997). Local TV news: Getting away with murder. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 2, 102-112.
34. Krippendorff, K. (1980). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
35. Kunkel, D., Wilson, B. J., Linz, D., Potter, J., Donnerstein, E., Smith, S. L., Blumenthal, E., & Gray, T. (1996). Violence in television programming overall: University of California study. In Mediascope (Ed.), National television violence study. Scientific papers 1994-1995 (pp. I-1-I-171). Studio City, CA: Mediascope.
36. Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. (1996). Departmental personnel strength: LA County Sheriff year in review 1996. Monterey Park, CA: Los Angeles Sheriff's Department Management Information Services.
37. Los Angeles Police Department. (1997). Sworn personnel by rank, gender, & ethnicity (Report PR 91 and HLRPT 17). Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles Police Department Information Resources Division.
38. Miller, M. C. (1998). It's a crime: The economic impact of the local TV news in Baltimore (Technical Report). New York: New York University Project on Media Ownership.
39. Moore, D. S., & McCabe, G. P. (1989). Introduction to the practice of statistics. New York: W. H. Freeman.
40. Nielsen Media Research. (1994). Nielsen station index: Los Angeles market service. Los Angeles, CA: Author.
41. Oliver, M. B. (1994). Portrayals of crime, race, and aggression in "reality-based" police shows: A content analysis. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 38, 179-192.
42. Perreault, W. D., & Leigh, L. E. (1989). Reliability of nominal data based on qualitative judgments. Journal of Marketing Research, 26, 135-148.
43. Perse, E. M. (1990). Cultivation and involvement with local television news. In N. Signorielli & M. Morgan (Eds.), Cultivation analysis: New directions in media effects research (pp. 51-69). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
44. Potter, J., Linz, D., Wilson, B., Donnerstein, E., Kunkel, D., Smith, S., Blumenthal, E., & Grey, T. (1998). Content analysis of entertainment television: New methodological developments. In J. Hamilton (Ed.), Television Violence and Public Policy (pp. 55-104). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
45. Poveda, T. G. (1994). Rethinking white-collar crime. Westport, CT: Praeger.
46. Pritchard, D. P., & Hughes, K. D. (1997). Patterns of deviance in crime news. Journal of Communication, 47(3), 49-67.
47. Romer, D., Jamieson, K. H., & De Coteau, N. J. (1998). The treatment of persons of color in local television news: Ethnic blame discourse or realistic group conflict. Communication Research, 25, 268-305.
48. Sorenson, S. B., Manz, J. P., & Berk, R. A. (1998). News media coverage and the epidemiology of homicide. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 1510-1514. Retrieved July 19, 1999: from the Web: http://medsearch.lib.umich.edu/ovidweb/ovidweb.cgi?T=fullText&RS= = Results%2etitle%7c0%7cFull+Text&D=ftall&S=CHMCAFDPCGLNBP
49. Stanley, T. L. (1996). New network sees potential in the city: Urban Television Network forms division to produce news programming targeting Blacks, Latinos and Asians. Media Week, 6, 23.
50. Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797-811.
51. Turk, J. V., Richstad, J., Bryson, R. L., & Johnson, S. M. (1989). Hispanic Americans in the news in two southwestern cities. Journalism Quarterly, 66, 107-113.
52. Van Dijk, T. A. (1993). Elite discourse and racism. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
53. Wilson, B. J., Kunkel, D., Linz, D., Potter, J., Donnerstein, E., Smith, S. L., Blumenthal, E., & Berry, M. (1998). Violence in television overall: University of California study. In National Television Violence Study (Ed.), National Television Violence Study 2, (pp. 3-204). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.