메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 116, Issue 1-2, 2005, Pages 146-158

A systematic review of trial methodology, using the placebo groups of randomized controlled trials in paediatric postoperative pain

Author keywords

Analgesics; Children; Paediatric; Placebo; Postoperative pain

Indexed keywords

NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OPIATE; PARACETAMOL; PLACEBO;

EID: 20644462350     PISSN: 03043959     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2005.04.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (10)

References (95)
  • 1
    • 0033071772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic effects of intra-muscular ketoprofen (Profenid) and pethidine for squint surgery in children
    • K. Alam, and M.S. Takrouri Analgesic effects of intra-muscular ketoprofen (Profenid) and pethidine for squint surgery in children Middle East J Anesthesiol 15 1999 31 38
    • (1999) Middle East J Anesthesiol , vol.15 , pp. 31-38
    • Alam, K.1    Takrouri, M.S.2
  • 2
    • 0030449595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic efficacy of paracetamol in children using tonsillectomy as a pain model
    • B. Anderson, S. Kanagasundarum, and G. Woollard Analgesic efficacy of paracetamol in children using tonsillectomy as a pain model Anaesth Intensive Care 24 1996 669 673
    • (1996) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.24 , pp. 669-673
    • Anderson, B.1    Kanagasundarum, S.2    Woollard, G.3
  • 4
    • 0034767710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetaminophen analgesia in children: Placebo effect and pain resolution after tonsillectomy
    • B.J. Anderson, G.A. Woollard, and N.H.G. Holford Acetaminophen analgesia in children: placebo effect and pain resolution after tonsillectomy Eur J Clin Pharmacol 57 2001 559 569
    • (2001) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.57 , pp. 559-569
    • Anderson, B.J.1    Woollard, G.A.2    Holford, N.H.G.3
  • 5
    • 0030026242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ketorolac on bleeding time and postoperative pain in children: A double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with meperidine
    • J.D. Bean-Lijewski, and R.D. Hunt Effect of ketorolac on bleeding time and postoperative pain in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with meperidine J Clin Anesth 8 1996 25 30
    • (1996) J Clin Anesth , vol.8 , pp. 25-30
    • Bean-Lijewski, J.D.1    Hunt, R.D.2
  • 6
    • 0030760040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative analgesia with preoperative oral ibuprofen or acetaminophen in children undergoing myringotomy
    • R.E. Bennie, L.A. Boehringer, S. McMahon, H. Allen, and S.F. Dierdorf Postoperative analgesia with preoperative oral ibuprofen or acetaminophen in children undergoing myringotomy Paediatr Anaesth 7 1997 399 403
    • (1997) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.7 , pp. 399-403
    • Bennie, R.E.1    Boehringer, L.A.2    McMahon, S.3    Allen, H.4    Dierdorf, S.F.5
  • 7
    • 0031876141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transnasal butorphanol is effective for postoperative pain relief in children undergoing myringotomy
    • R.E. Bennie, L.A. Boehringer, S.F. Dierdorf, M.P. Hanna, and L.J. Means Transnasal butorphanol is effective for postoperative pain relief in children undergoing myringotomy Anesthesiology 89 1998 385 390
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.89 , pp. 385-390
    • Bennie, R.E.1    Boehringer, L.A.2    Dierdorf, S.F.3    Hanna, M.P.4    Means, L.J.5
  • 8
    • 0029927825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additive analgesics effect of codeine and paracetamol can be detected in strong, but not moderate, pain after Caesarean section
    • K. Bjune, A. Stubhaug, M.S. Dogson, and H. Breivik Additive analgesics effect of codeine and paracetamol can be detected in strong, but not moderate, pain after Caesarean section Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 40 1996 399 407
    • (1996) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.40 , pp. 399-407
    • Bjune, K.1    Stubhaug, A.2    Dogson, M.S.3    Breivik, H.4
  • 9
    • 0026652983 scopus 로고
    • Prevention and control of pain in (adeno)tonsillectomy
    • W.J. Bolen van der Loo, and F.G. Driessen Prevention and control of pain in (adeno)tonsillectomy Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 136 1992 1409 1413
    • (1992) Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd , vol.136 , pp. 1409-1413
    • Bolen Van Der Loo, W.J.1    Driessen, F.G.2
  • 10
    • 0023904098 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of rectal diclofenac wih intramuscular papaveretum or placebo for pain relief following tonsillectomy
    • M.E. Bone, and D. Fell A comparison of rectal diclofenac wih intramuscular papaveretum or placebo for pain relief following tonsillectomy Anaesthesia 43 1988 277 280
    • (1988) Anaesthesia , vol.43 , pp. 277-280
    • Bone, M.E.1    Fell, D.2
  • 11
    • 0031688389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The respiratory effects of tramadol in children under halothane anaesthesia
    • A.T. Bösenberg, and S. Ratcliffe The respiratory effects of tramadol in children under halothane anaesthesia Anaesthesia 53 1998 960 964
    • (1998) Anaesthesia , vol.53 , pp. 960-964
    • Bösenberg, A.T.1    Ratcliffe, S.2
  • 12
    • 0034850686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal and metabolic stress responses after major surgery in children aged 0-3 years: A double-blind, randomized trial comparing the effects of continuous versus intermittent morphine
    • N.J. Bouwmeester, K.J. Anand, M. van Dijk, W.C. Hop, F. Boomsma, and D. Tibbole Hormonal and metabolic stress responses after major surgery in children aged 0-3 years: a double-blind, randomized trial comparing the effects of continuous versus intermittent morphine Br J Anaesth 87 2001 390 399
    • (2001) Br J Anaesth , vol.87 , pp. 390-399
    • Bouwmeester, N.J.1    Anand, K.J.2    Van Dijk, M.3    Hop, W.C.4    Boomsma, F.5    Tibbole, D.6
  • 13
    • 0035079938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactically-admistered rectal acetaminophen does not reduce postoperative opioid requirements in infants and small children undergoing elective cleft palate repair
    • D.H. Bremerich, G. Neidhart, K. Heimann, P. Kessler, and M. Behne Prophylactically-admistered rectal acetaminophen does not reduce postoperative opioid requirements in infants and small children undergoing elective cleft palate repair Anesth and Analg 92 2001 907 912
    • (2001) Anesth and Analg , vol.92 , pp. 907-912
    • Bremerich, D.H.1    Neidhart, G.2    Heimann, K.3    Kessler, P.4    Behne, M.5
  • 14
    • 0025327763 scopus 로고
    • Nalbuphine and piritramid in the postoperative period in young children. External respiration
    • W. Büttner Nalbuphine and piritramid in the postoperative period in young children. External respiration Anaesthesist 39 1990 258 63d
    • (1990) Anaesthesist , vol.39
    • Büttner, W.1
  • 15
    • 0025232643 scopus 로고
    • Critical aspects of an outside evaluation of postoperative pain in infants. a placebo-controlled double-blind study of the question of the reliability and validity of the measurement system
    • W. Büttner, L. Breitkopf, W. Finke, and M. Schwanitz Critical aspects of an outside evaluation of postoperative pain in infants. A placebo-controlled double-blind study of the question of the reliability and validity of the measurement system Anaesthesist 39 1990 151 17a
    • (1990) Anaesthesist , vol.39
    • Büttner, W.1    Breitkopf, L.2    Finke, W.3    Schwanitz, M.4
  • 16
    • 0025252537 scopus 로고
    • Initial results of the reliability and validity of a German-language scale for the quantitative measurement of postoperative pain in young children
    • W. Büttner, L. Breitkopf, B. Miele, and W. Finke Initial results of the reliability and validity of a German-language scale for the quantitative measurement of postoperative pain in young children Anaesthesist 39 1990 593 602b
    • (1990) Anaesthesist , vol.39
    • Büttner, W.1    Breitkopf, L.2    Miele, B.3    Finke, W.4
  • 17
    • 0025356535 scopus 로고
    • Nalbuphine and piritramid in postoperative phase in young children.1. general condition
    • W. Büttner, W. Finke, M. Schwanitz, and M. Pfisterer Nalbuphine and piritramid in postoperative phase in young children.1. general condition Anaesthesist 39 1990 211 26c
    • (1990) Anaesthesist , vol.39
    • Büttner, W.1    Finke, W.2    Schwanitz, M.3    Pfisterer, M.4
  • 18
    • 0030927281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain relief after knee arthroscopy: Intra-articular morphine, intra-articular bupivacaine, or subcutaneous morphine?
    • M.S. Cepeda, C. Uribe, J. Betancourt, J. Rugeles, and D.B. Carr Pain relief after knee arthroscopy: intra-articular morphine, intra-articular bupivacaine, or subcutaneous morphine? Reg Anesth 22 1997 233 238
    • (1997) Reg Anesth , vol.22 , pp. 233-238
    • Cepeda, M.S.1    Uribe, C.2    Betancourt, J.3    Rugeles, J.4    Carr, D.B.5
  • 20
    • 0025501516 scopus 로고
    • Ketoprofen for the treatment of postoperative pain in appendicectomy in children
    • P. DeBellis, C. Ingolotti, A. Pellegrino, and F. Fasciolo Ketoprofen for the treatment of postoperative pain in appendicectomy in children Minerva Anesthesiol 56 1990 1149 1151
    • (1990) Minerva Anesthesiol , vol.56 , pp. 1149-1151
    • Debellis, P.1    Ingolotti, C.2    Pellegrino, A.3    Fasciolo, F.4
  • 22
    • 0021284599 scopus 로고
    • Diclofenac (Voltaren). Pain-relieving effect after tonsillectomy
    • H. Dommerby, and O.R. Rasmussen Diclofenac (Voltaren). Pain-relieving effect after tonsillectomy Acta Oto-Laryngologica 194 98 1984 185 192
    • (1984) Acta Oto-Laryngologica , vol.194 , Issue.98 , pp. 185-192
    • Dommerby, H.1    Rasmussen, O.R.2
  • 23
    • 0036077046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravesical morphine analgesia is not effective after bladder surgery in children: Results of a randomized double-blind study
    • A. El-Ghoneimi, C. Deffarges, R. Hankard, F. Jean-Eudes, Y. Aigrain, and E. Jacqz-Aigrain Intravesical morphine analgesia is not effective after bladder surgery in children: results of a randomized double-blind study J Urol 168 2002 694 697
    • (2002) J Urol , vol.168 , pp. 694-697
    • El-Ghoneimi, A.1    Deffarges, C.2    Hankard, R.3    Jean-Eudes, F.4    Aigrain, Y.5    Jacqz-Aigrain, E.6
  • 24
    • 0031045769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inclusion of pethidine in lidocaine for infiltration improves analgesia following tonsillectomy in children
    • M. Elhakim, A.Y. Abdul Salam, A. Eid, N. Kaschef, and B.E. Mostafa Inclusion of pethidine in lidocaine for infiltration improves analgesia following tonsillectomy in children Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 41 1997 214 217
    • (1997) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.41 , pp. 214-217
    • Elhakim, M.1    Abdul Salam, A.Y.2    Eid, A.3    Kaschef, N.4    Mostafa, B.E.5
  • 25
  • 26
    • 0019995352 scopus 로고
    • Zomepirac, placebo and paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene combination compared in orthopaedic postoperative pain
    • P.J. Evans, H.J. McQuay, M. Rolfe, G. O'Sullivan, R.E. Bullingham, and R.A. Moore Zomepirac, placebo and paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene combination compared in orthopaedic postoperative pain Br J Anaesth 54 1982 927 933
    • (1982) Br J Anaesth , vol.54 , pp. 927-933
    • Evans, P.J.1    McQuay, H.J.2    Rolfe, M.3    O'Sullivan, G.4    Bullingham, R.E.5    Moore, R.A.6
  • 28
    • 0035096083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic effect of low-dose intrathecal morphine after spinal fusion in children
    • O. Gall, J.V. Aubineau, J. Berniere, L. Desjeux, and I. Murat Analgesic effect of low-dose intrathecal morphine after spinal fusion in children Anesthesiology 94 2001 447 452
    • (2001) Anesthesiology , vol.94 , pp. 447-452
    • Gall, O.1    Aubineau, J.V.2    Berniere, J.3    Desjeux, L.4    Murat, I.5
  • 29
    • 0023752651 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose sufentanil as supplement to halothane/N2O anaesthesia in infants and children
    • J.A. Glenski, R.H. Friesen, G.A. Lane, S. Young, and J. Glascock Low-dose sufentanil as supplement to halothane/N2O anaesthesia in infants and children Can J Anaesth 35 1988 379 384
    • (1988) Can J Anaesth , vol.35 , pp. 379-384
    • Glenski, J.A.1    Friesen, R.H.2    Lane, G.A.3    Young, S.4    Glascock, J.5
  • 30
    • 0029447045 scopus 로고
    • The effect of ketorolac as an adjuvant to local anesthetic infiltration for analgesia in paediatric umbilical hernia surgery
    • S.G. Graham, and J.G. Wandless The effect of ketorolac as an adjuvant to local anesthetic infiltration for analgesia in paediatric umbilical hernia surgery Paediatr Anaesth 5 1995 161 163
    • (1995) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.5 , pp. 161-163
    • Graham, S.G.1    Wandless, J.G.2
  • 31
    • 0030720970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The analgesic efficacy of an injectable prodrug of acetaminophen in children after orthopaedic surgery
    • J.C. Granry, B. Rod, J.P. Monrigal, J. Merckx, J. Berniere, N. Jean, and E. Boccard The analgesic efficacy of an injectable prodrug of acetaminophen in children after orthopaedic surgery Paediatr Anaesth 7 1997 445 449
    • (1997) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.7 , pp. 445-449
    • Granry, J.C.1    Rod, B.2    Monrigal, J.P.3    Merckx, J.4    Berniere, J.5    Jean, N.6    Boccard, E.7
  • 34
    • 0036059018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of oral transmucosal fentanyl and oral midazolam for premedication in children
    • T.K. Howell, S. Smith, S.C. Rushman, R.W.M. Walker, and F. Radivan A comparison of oral transmucosal fentanyl and oral midazolam for premedication in children Anaesthesia 57 8 2002 798 805
    • (2002) Anaesthesia , vol.57 , Issue.8 , pp. 798-805
    • Howell, T.K.1    Smith, S.2    Rushman, S.C.3    Walker, R.W.M.4    Radivan, F.5
  • 36
    • 0029968477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Better standardisation will improve the quality of analgesic studies
    • E. Kalso Better standardisation will improve the quality of analgesic studies Acta Anesthesiol Scand 46 1996 397 398
    • (1996) Acta Anesthesiol Scand , vol.46 , pp. 397-398
    • Kalso, E.1
  • 37
    • 0033828443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five easy pieces on evidence-based medicine (2)
    • E. Kalso, and A.R. Moore Five easy pieces on evidence-based medicine (2) Eur J Pain 4 2000 321 324
    • (2000) Eur J Pain , vol.4 , pp. 321-324
    • Kalso, E.1    Moore, A.R.2
  • 38
    • 0036066045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No pain, no gain: Clinical excellence and scientific rigour - Lesions learned from IA morphine
    • E. Kalso, L. Smith, H.J. McQuay, and A.R. Moore No pain, no gain: clinical excellence and scientific rigour - lesions learned from IA morphine Pain 98 2002 269 275
    • (2002) Pain , vol.98 , pp. 269-275
    • Kalso, E.1    Smith, L.2    McQuay, H.J.3    Moore, A.R.4
  • 39
    • 0036173758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of pre- and postoperative administration of ketoprofen for analgesia after tonsillectomy in children
    • H. Kokki, and A. Salonen A comparison of pre- and postoperative administration of ketoprofen for analgesia after tonsillectomy in children Paediatr Anaesth 12 2002 162 167
    • (2002) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.12 , pp. 162-167
    • Kokki, H.1    Salonen, A.2
  • 41
    • 0031794395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative ketoprofen in small children during adenoidectomy: A dose-finding study
    • H. Kokki, E. Nikanne, and K.I.v. Tuovinen intraoperative ketoprofen in small children during adenoidectomy: a dose-finding study Br J Anaesth 81 1998 870 874
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.81 , pp. 870-874
    • Kokki, H.1    Nikanne, E.2    Tuovinen, K.I.V.3
  • 42
    • 0032900310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroperative treatment with i.v. ketoprofen reduces pain and vomiting in children after strabismus surgery
    • H. Kokki, E. Homan, K. Tuovinen, and S. Purhonen Peroperative treatment with i.v. ketoprofen reduces pain and vomiting in children after strabismus surgery Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 43 1999 13 8a
    • (1999) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.43
    • Kokki, H.1    Homan, E.2    Tuovinen, K.3    Purhonen, S.4
  • 43
    • 0032789236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous ketoprofen and epidural sufentanil analgesia in children after combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia
    • H. Kokki, K. Tuovinen, and H. Hendolin Intravenous ketoprofen and epidural sufentanil analgesia in children after combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 43 1999 775 79c
    • (1999) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.43
    • Kokki, H.1    Tuovinen, K.2    Hendolin, H.3
  • 44
    • 0032902380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of intravenous ketoprofen on postoperative epidural sufentanil analgesia in children
    • H. Kokki, K. Tuovinen, and H. Hendolin The effect of intravenous ketoprofen on postoperative epidural sufentanil analgesia in children Anesth Analg 88 1999 1036 141b
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.88
    • Kokki, H.1    Tuovinen, K.2    Hendolin, H.3
  • 45
    • 0035176473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative intravenous ketoprofen neither prolongs operation time nor delays discharge after adenoidectomy in children
    • H. Kokki, A. Salonen, and E. Nikanne Perioperative intravenous ketoprofen neither prolongs operation time nor delays discharge after adenoidectomy in children Paediatr Anaesth 11 2001 59 64
    • (2001) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.11 , pp. 59-64
    • Kokki, H.1    Salonen, A.2    Nikanne, E.3
  • 46
    • 0032817995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphine-sparing effect of acetaminophen in pediatric day-case surgery
    • R. Korpela, P. Korvenoja, and O.A. Meretoja Morphine-sparing effect of acetaminophen in pediatric day-case surgery Anesthesiology 91 1999 442 447
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.91 , pp. 442-447
    • Korpela, R.1    Korvenoja, P.2    Meretoja, O.A.3
  • 47
    • 0022382907 scopus 로고
    • Controlled comparison of nalbuphine and morphine for postoperative pain
    • A. Krishnan, C.L. Tolhurst-Cleaver, and B. Kay Controlled comparison of nalbuphine and morphine for postoperative pain Anaesthesia 40 1985 1178 1181
    • (1985) Anaesthesia , vol.40 , pp. 1178-1181
    • Krishnan, A.1    Tolhurst-Cleaver, C.L.2    Kay, B.3
  • 48
    • 0016241780 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind study of the analgesic effect of ethoheptazine-aspirin
    • T. Lamphier, A. Rodriguez, and D. Richards Double-blind study of the analgesic effect of ethoheptazine-aspirin Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 16 1974 718 733
    • (1974) Curr Ther Res Clin Exp , vol.16 , pp. 718-733
    • Lamphier, T.1    Rodriguez, A.2    Richards, D.3
  • 49
    • 0024150391 scopus 로고
    • Fentiazac for postoperative pain inflammation in children. Double blind clinical trial against placebo
    • A. Mano Azul, and F. Mourao Fentiazac for postoperative pain inflammation in children. Double blind clinical trial against placebo Stoma 1 1988 31 32 35-6, 36-40
    • (1988) Stoma , vol.1 , pp. 31-32
    • Mano Azul, A.1    Mourao, F.2
  • 51
    • 0026552255 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of rectal ibuprofen in controlling postoperative pain in children
    • E.L. Maunuksela, P. Ryhänen, and L. Janhunen Efficacy of rectal ibuprofen in controlling postoperative pain in children Can J Anaesth 39 1992 226 230
    • (1992) Can J Anaesth , vol.39 , pp. 226-230
    • Maunuksela, E.L.1    Ryhänen, P.2    Janhunen, L.3
  • 52
    • 0023830981 scopus 로고
    • Does prophylactic intravenous infusion of indomethacin improve the management of postoperative pain in children?
    • E.L. Maunuksela, K.T. Olkkola, and R. Korpela Does prophylactic intravenous infusion of indomethacin improve the management of postoperative pain in children? Can J Anaesth 35 1988 123 127
    • (1988) Can J Anaesth , vol.35 , pp. 123-127
    • Maunuksela, E.L.1    Olkkola, K.T.2    Korpela, R.3
  • 53
    • 0023298590 scopus 로고
    • Analgesics in pediatric dental surgery: Relative efficacy of aluminium ibuprofen suspension and acetaminophen elixir
    • T. McGaw, W. Raborn, and M. Grace Analgesics in pediatric dental surgery: relative efficacy of aluminium ibuprofen suspension and acetaminophen elixir ASDC J Dent Child 54 1987 106 109
    • (1987) ASDC J Dent Child , vol.54 , pp. 106-109
    • McGaw, T.1    Raborn, W.2    Grace, M.3
  • 54
    • 0001909298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement assessment of paediatric pain
    • E.D. Wall R. Melzack 4th ed. Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh
    • P.J. McGrath, and A.M. Unruh Measurement assessment of paediatric pain E.D. Wall R. Melzack Textbook of pain 4th ed. 1999 Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh 371 394
    • (1999) Textbook of Pain , pp. 371-394
    • McGrath, P.J.1    Unruh, A.M.2
  • 55
    • 0029071614 scopus 로고
    • The effects of ketorolac and fentanyl on postoperative vomiting and analgesic requirements in children undergoing strabismus surgery
    • H.G. Mendel, K.M. Guarnieri, L.M. Sundt, and M.C. Torjman The effects of ketorolac and fentanyl on postoperative vomiting and analgesic requirements in children undergoing strabismus surgery Anesth Analg 80 1995 1129 1133
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80 , pp. 1129-1133
    • Mendel, H.G.1    Guarnieri, K.M.2    Sundt, L.M.3    Torjman, M.C.4
  • 56
    • 0037389433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on unethical use of placebo in randomised trials
    • K.B. Michels, and K.J. Rothman Update on unethical use of placebo in randomised trials Bioethics 17 2 2003 188 204
    • (2003) Bioethics , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 188-204
    • Michels, K.B.1    Rothman, K.J.2
  • 57
    • 0030021892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral clonidine premedication reduces postoperative pain in children
    • K. Mikawa, K. Nishina, N. Maekawa, and H. Obara Oral clonidine premedication reduces postoperative pain in children Anest Analg 82 1996 225 230
    • (1996) Anest Analg , vol.82 , pp. 225-230
    • Mikawa, K.1    Nishina, K.2    Maekawa, N.3    Obara, H.4
  • 58
    • 0030991664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response of flubiprofen on postoperative pain and emesis after paediatric strabismus surgery
    • K. Mikawa, K. Nishina, N. Maekawa, M. Shiga, and H. Obara Dose-response of flubiprofen on postoperative pain and emesis after paediatric strabismus surgery Can J Anaesth 44 1997 95 98
    • (1997) Can J Anaesth , vol.44 , pp. 95-98
    • Mikawa, K.1    Nishina, K.2    Maekawa, N.3    Shiga, M.4    Obara, H.5
  • 59
    • 0022243305 scopus 로고
    • Postextraction pain relief in children: A clinical trial of liquid analgesics
    • P.A. Moore, G. Acs, and J.A. Hargreaves Postextraction pain relief in children: a clinical trial of liquid analgesics Int J Clin Pharmacol 23 1985 573 577
    • (1985) Int J Clin Pharmacol , vol.23 , pp. 573-577
    • Moore, P.A.1    Acs, G.2    Hargreaves, J.A.3
  • 60
    • 0032423803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size is everything - Large amounts of information are needed to overcome random effects in estimating direction and magnitude of treatment effects
    • R.A. Moore, D. Cavaghan, M.R. Tramér, S.L. Collins, and H.J. McQuay Size is everything - large amounts of information are needed to overcome random effects in estimating direction and magnitude of treatment effects Pain 78 1998 217 220
    • (1998) Pain , vol.78 , pp. 217-220
    • Moore, R.A.1    Cavaghan, D.2    Tramér, M.R.3    Collins, S.L.4    McQuay, H.J.5
  • 62
    • 0028365474 scopus 로고
    • Ketorolac versus acetaminophen of ibuprofen in controlling postoperative pain in patients with strabismus
    • N.A. Morrison, and M.X. Repka Ketorolac versus acetaminophen of ibuprofen in controlling postoperative pain in patients with strabismus Opthalmology 101 1994 915 918
    • (1994) Opthalmology , vol.101 , pp. 915-918
    • Morrison, N.A.1    Repka, M.X.2
  • 63
    • 0036286927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose ketorolac improves analgesia and reduces morphine requirements following posterior spinal fusion in adolescents
    • H.M. Munro, S.R. Walton, S. Malviaya, S. Merkel, T. Voepel-Lewis, R.T. Loder, and F.A. Farley Low-dose ketorolac improves analgesia and reduces morphine requirements following posterior spinal fusion in adolescents Can J Anaest 49 5 2002 461 466
    • (2002) Can J Anaest , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 461-466
    • Munro, H.M.1    Walton, S.R.2    Malviaya, S.3    Merkel, S.4    Voepel-Lewis, T.5    Loder, R.T.6    Farley, F.A.7
  • 65
    • 0030614998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IV perioperative ketoprofen in small children during adenoidectomy
    • E. Nikanne, H. Kokki, and K. Tuovinen IV perioperative ketoprofen in small children during adenoidectomy Br J Anaesth 78 1997 24 27
    • (1997) Br J Anaesth , vol.78 , pp. 24-27
    • Nikanne, E.1    Kokki, H.2    Tuovinen, K.3
  • 66
    • 0033018262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative pain after adenoidectomy in children
    • E. Nikanne, H. Kokki, and K. Tuovinen Postoperative pain after adenoidectomy in children Br J Anaesth 82 1999 886 889
    • (1999) Br J Anaesth , vol.82 , pp. 886-889
    • Nikanne, E.1    Kokki, H.2    Tuovinen, K.3
  • 67
    • 0033659694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diclofenac and flubiprofen with or without clonidine for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing elective ophthalmological surgery
    • K. Nishina, K. Mikawa, M. Shiga, Y. Takao, N. Maekawa, and H. Obara Diclofenac and flubiprofen with or without clonidine for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing elective ophthalmological surgery Paediatr Anaesth 10 2000 645 651
    • (2000) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.10 , pp. 645-651
    • Nishina, K.1    Mikawa, K.2    Shiga, M.3    Takao, Y.4    Maekawa, N.5    Obara, H.6
  • 68
    • 0343517081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relief of posttonsillectomy pain with low-dose tramadol given at induction of anesthesia in children
    • Z. Özkose, M. Akcabay, Y.K. Kemaloglu, and S. Sezenler relief of posttonsillectomy pain with low-dose tramadol given at induction of anesthesia in children Int J Ped Otorhinolaryngol 53 2000 207 214
    • (2000) Int J Ped Otorhinolaryngol , vol.53 , pp. 207-214
    • Özkose, Z.1    Akcabay, M.2    Kemaloglu, Y.K.3    Sezenler, S.4
  • 70
    • 0036137467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, placebo-controlled analgesic study of ibuprofen or rofecoxib in combination with paracetamol for tonsillectomy in children
    • A.E. Pickering, H.S. Bribge, J. Nolan, and P.A. Stoddart Double-blind, placebo-controlled analgesic study of ibuprofen or rofecoxib in combination with paracetamol for tonsillectomy in children Br J Anaesth 88 2002 72 77
    • (2002) Br J Anaesth , vol.88 , pp. 72-77
    • Pickering, A.E.1    Bribge, H.S.2    Nolan, J.3    Stoddart, P.A.4
  • 72
    • 0029303230 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of preoperative ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo administration on the parental report of postextraction pain in children
    • R.E. Primosch, D.L. Nichols, and F.J. Courts Comparison of preoperative ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo administration on the parental report of postextraction pain in children Pediatr Dent 17 1995 187 191
    • (1995) Pediatr Dent , vol.17 , pp. 187-191
    • Primosch, R.E.1    Nichols, D.L.2    Courts, F.J.3
  • 73
    • 0023206019 scopus 로고
    • Fluportine in the treatment of post-operative pain
    • H. Rietmuller-Winzen Fluportine in the treatment of post-operative pain Postgrad Med J 63 1987 61 65
    • (1987) Postgrad Med J , vol.63 , pp. 61-65
    • Rietmuller-Winzen, H.1
  • 74
    • 0032792412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral tramadol: Analgesic efficacy in children following multiple dental extractions
    • J.A. Roelofse, and K.A. Payne Oral tramadol: analgesic efficacy in children following multiple dental extractions Eur J Anaesthesiol 16 1999 441 447
    • (1999) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.16 , pp. 441-447
    • Roelofse, J.A.1    Payne, K.A.2
  • 75
    • 0031872572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic efficacy and safety of preoperative versus postoperative ketorolac in paediatric tonsillectomy
    • J. Romsing, D. Ostergaard, S. Walther-Larsen, and N. Valentin Analgesic efficacy and safety of preoperative versus postoperative ketorolac in paediatric tonsillectomy Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 42 1998 770 775
    • (1998) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.42 , pp. 770-775
    • Romsing, J.1    Ostergaard, D.2    Walther-Larsen, S.3    Valentin, N.4
  • 76
    • 0032947376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative oral dextromethorphan does not reduce pain or analgesic comsumption in children after adenotonsillectomy
    • J.B. Rose, R. Cuy, D.E. Cohen, and M.S. Scheiner Preoperative oral dextromethorphan does not reduce pain or analgesic comsumption in children after adenotonsillectomy Anesth Analg 88 1999 749 753
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.88 , pp. 749-753
    • Rose, J.B.1    Cuy, R.2    Cohen, D.E.3    Scheiner, M.S.4
  • 77
    • 0016717540 scopus 로고
    • The analgesic efficacy of pentazocine (Fortalgesic Winthorp) in suppositories with postoperative pain
    • G. Rusch, and R.B. Chaker The analgesic efficacy of pentazocine (Fortalgesic Winthorp) in suppositories with postoperative pain Therap Umsh 32 1975 730 735
    • (1975) Therap Umsh , vol.32 , pp. 730-735
    • Rusch, G.1    Chaker, R.B.2
  • 78
    • 0015893710 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aminophenazone, codeine and diallymal on pain occurring in children after adeno-tonsillectomy. a double-blind study
    • L. Saarnivaara Effect of aminophenazone, codeine and diallymal on pain occurring in children after adeno-tonsillectomy. A double-blind study Acta Oto-laryngolog 76 1973 372 376
    • (1973) Acta Oto-laryngolog , vol.76 , pp. 372-376
    • Saarnivaara, L.1
  • 79
    • 0027225216 scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled model for assaying systemic analgesics in children
    • B.P. Schachtel, and W.R. Thoden A placebo-controlled model for assaying systemic analgesics in children Clin Pharmacol Ther 53 1993 593 601
    • (1993) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.53 , pp. 593-601
    • Schachtel, B.P.1    Thoden, W.R.2
  • 80
    • 0028901520 scopus 로고
    • The use of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for painful procedures in children
    • N.L. Schechter, S.J. Weisman, M. Rosenbaum, B. Bernstein, and P.L. Conrad The use of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for painful procedures in children Pediatrics 95 1995 427 428
    • (1995) Pediatrics , vol.95 , pp. 427-428
    • Schechter, N.L.1    Weisman, S.J.2    Rosenbaum, M.3    Bernstein, B.4    Conrad, P.L.5
  • 81
    • 0015835737 scopus 로고
    • Recovery room analgesia: A comparative study of drug effects
    • L.A. Sheffer, H.N. Dean, and J.L. Steffenson Recovery room analgesia: A comparative study of drug effects Anesth Analg 52 1973 853 859
    • (1973) Anesth Analg , vol.52 , pp. 853-859
    • Sheffer, L.A.1    Dean, H.N.2    Steffenson, J.L.3
  • 82
    • 0015263346 scopus 로고
    • Analgesic effects of d-propoxyphene napsylate for pain following tooth extractions
    • R. Shiba, N. Nakajo, S. Goto, and H. Kodoma Analgesic effects of d-propoxyphene napsylate for pain following tooth extractions Masui 21 1972 32 39
    • (1972) Masui , vol.21 , pp. 32-39
    • Shiba, R.1    Nakajo, N.2    Goto, S.3    Kodoma, H.4
  • 85
    • 0028968726 scopus 로고
    • Analgesic efficacy and safety of single-dose intramuscular ketorolac for postoperative pain management in children following tonsillectomy
    • K.A. Sutters, J.D. Levine, S. Dibble, M. Savedra, and C. Miaskowski Analgesic efficacy and safety of single-dose intramuscular ketorolac for postoperative pain management in children following tonsillectomy Pain 61 1995 145 153
    • (1995) Pain , vol.61 , pp. 145-153
    • Sutters, K.A.1    Levine, J.D.2    Dibble, S.3    Savedra, M.4    Miaskowski, C.5
  • 86
    • 0033146183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of morphine patient-controlled analgesia with and without ketorolac for postoperative analgesia in pediatric orthopaedic surgery
    • K.A. Sutters, B.A. Shaw, J.A. Gerardi, and D. Hebert Comparison of morphine patient-controlled analgesia with and without ketorolac for postoperative analgesia in pediatric orthopaedic surgery Am J Orthop (Chatham, Nj) 28 1999 351 358
    • (1999) Am J Orthop (Chatham, Nj) , vol.28 , pp. 351-358
    • Sutters, K.A.1    Shaw, B.A.2    Gerardi, J.A.3    Hebert, D.4
  • 87
    • 0034687072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled trials and active-control trials in the evaluation of new treatments. Part 1. Ethical and scientific issues
    • R. Temple, and S.S. Ellenberg Placebo-controlled trials and active-control trials in the evaluation of new treatments. Part 1. Ethical and scientific issues Ann Intern Med 133 6 2000 455 463
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.133 , Issue.6 , pp. 455-463
    • Temple, R.1    Ellenberg, S.S.2
  • 88
    • 0036199551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parenteral ketoprofen for pain management after adenoidectomy: Comparison of intravenous and intramuscular routes of administration
    • H. Tuomilehto, and H. Kokki Parenteral ketoprofen for pain management after adenoidectomy: comparison of intravenous and intramuscular routes of administration Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 46 2002 184 189
    • (2002) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.46 , pp. 184-189
    • Tuomilehto, H.1    Kokki, H.2
  • 89
    • 0033854265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intravenous and oral ketoprofen for postoperative pain after adenoidectomy in children
    • H. Tuomilehto, H. Kokki, and K. Tuovinen Comparison of intravenous and oral ketoprofen for postoperative pain after adenoidectomy in children Br J Anaesth 85 2000 224 227
    • (2000) Br J Anaesth , vol.85 , pp. 224-227
    • Tuomilehto, H.1    Kokki, H.2    Tuovinen, K.3
  • 90
    • 0028072647 scopus 로고
    • Analgesics and ENT surgery. a clinical comparison of the intraoperative, recovery and postoperative effects of buprenorphine, diclofenac, fentanyl, morphine, nalbuphine, pethidine and placebo given intravenously with induction of anaesthesia
    • A.A. Van den Berg, N.M. Honjol, N.V. Prabhu, S. Datta, C.J. Rozario, R. Muraleedaran, and D. Savva Analgesics and ENT surgery. A clinical comparison of the intraoperative, recovery and postoperative effects of buprenorphine, diclofenac, fentanyl, morphine, nalbuphine, pethidine and placebo given intravenously with induction of anaesthesia Br J Clin Pharmacol 38 1994 533 543
    • (1994) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.38 , pp. 533-543
    • Van Den Berg, A.A.1    Honjol, N.M.2    Prabhu, N.V.3    Datta, S.4    Rozario, C.J.5    Muraleedaran, R.6    Savva, D.7
  • 91
    • 0035061855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic efficacy of tramadol 2 mg kg(-1) for paediatric day-case adenoidectomy
    • H. Viitanen, and P. Annila Analgesic efficacy of tramadol 2 mg kg(-1) for paediatric day-case adenoidectomy Br J Anaesth 86 2001 572 575
    • (2001) Br J Anaesth , vol.86 , pp. 572-575
    • Viitanen, H.1    Annila, P.2
  • 95
    • 0021884030 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of benzydamine hydrochloride 0.15% w.v. ('Difflam' pump spray) and placebo as analgesics following tonsillectomy
    • J.R. Young A comparative study of benzydamine hydrochloride 0.15% w.v. ('Difflam' pump spray) and placebo as analgesics following tonsillectomy J Internation Medical Research 13 1985 245 247
    • (1985) J Internation Medical Research , vol.13 , pp. 245-247
    • Young, J.R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.