Effects of negative political advertising on voting intention: An exploration of the roles of involvement and source credibility in the development of voter cynicism

Journal of Marketing Communications

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 95-112

  Yoon, Kak ^a   Pinkleton, Bruce E ^b   Wonjun, K O ^c  

^a Sogang University   (South Korea)

^b WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c US Army Camp Walker ^*  (South Korea)

Author keywords

Credibility; Cynicism; Involvement; Negative political advertising; Voting intention

Indexed keywords

EID: 20444477231     PISSN: 13527266     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1352726042000315423     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Ansolabehere, S. & Iyengar, S. (1995) Going Negative: How Political Advertisements Shrink and Polarize the Electorate (New York: The Free Press).
2. Ansolabehere, S., Behr, R. & Iyengar, S. (1993) The Media Game (New York: Macmillan).
3. Austin, E. W. & Pinkleton, B. E. (1995) Positive and negative effects of political disaffection on the less experienced voter, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 39(2), pp. 215-235.
4. Austin, E. W. & Pinkleton, B. E. (1999) The relation between media content evaluations and political disaffection, Mass Communication & Society, 2(3/4), pp. 105-122.
5. Basil, M. D. (1996) The use of student samples in communication research, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 40(3), pp. 431-440.
6. Baumgartner, J. C. (2000) Modern Presidential Electioneering: An Organizational and Comparative Approach (Westport, CT: Praeger).
7. Bennett, S. (1996) Winning and Losing: Australian National Elections (Victoria Carlton South: Melbourne University Press).
8. Blumler, J. G., Kavanagh, D. & Nossiter, T. J. (1996) Modern communications versus traditional politics in Britain: unstable marriage of convenience, in: B. E. Swanson &. P. Mancini (Eds) Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy: An International Study of Innovations in Electoral Campaigning and Their Consequences, pp. 49-72 (Westport, CT: Praeger).
9. Buchholz, L. & Smith, R. E. (1991) The role of consumer involvement in determining cognitive response to broadcast advertising, Journal of Advertising, 20(1), pp. 4-17.
10. Butler, D. & Kavanagh, D. (1992) The British General Election of 1992 (London: Macmillian).
11. Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E. & Stokes, D. E. (1960) The American Voter (New York: John Wiley and Sons).
12. Cappella, J. N. & Jamieson, K. H. (1997) Spiral of Cynicism: The Press and the Public Good (New York: Oxford University Press).
13. Carmines, E. G. & Zeller, R. A. (1979) Reliability and Validity Assessment (Newbury Park, CA: Sage).
14. Caspi, D. (1996) American-style electioneering in Israel: Americanization versus modernization, in: D. E. Swanson & P. Mancini (Eds) Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy: An International Study of Innovations in Electoral Campaigning and Their Consequences, pp. 173-192 (Westport, CT: Praeger).
15. Chaffee, S. H. & McLeod, J. M. (1973) Individual vs. social predictors of information seeking, Journalism Quarterly, 50(2), pp. 237-245.
16. Chaffee, S. H. & Roser, C. (1986) Involvement and the consistency of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, Communication Research, 13(3), pp. 373-399.
17. Chaiken, S. (1979) Communication, physical attractiveness and persuasion, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, pp. 1387-1397.
18. Chang, C. (2000) A cross-cultural comparison of political advertising in the 1996 presidential election campaign in Taiwan and the United States, Asian Journal of Communications, 10(1), pp. 1-17.
19. Cohen, A. A. & Wolfsfeld, G. (1995) Overcoming adversity and diversity: the utility of television political advertising in Israel, in: L. L. Kaid & C. Holtz-Bacha (Eds) Political Advertising in Western Democracies: Parties and Candidates on Television, pp. 109-123 (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).
20. Eagly, A. H., Wood, W. & Chaiken, S. (1978) Causal inferences about communicators and their effect on opinion change, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, pp. 424-435.
21. Eagly, A. H., Chaiken, S. & Wood, W. (1981) An attribution analysis of persuasion, in: H. Harvey, W. J. Ickes & R. F. Kidd (Eds) New Directions in Attribution Research, Vol. 3, pp. 37-62 (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum).
22. Faber, R. J. & Storey, M. C. (1984) Recall of information from political advertising, Journal of Advertising, 13(3), pp. 39-44.
23. Faber, R. J., Tims, A. R. & Schmitt, K. G. (1993) Negative political advertising and voting intent: the role of involvement and alternative information sources, Journal of Advertising, 22(4), pp. 67-76.
24. Gardner, M. P. (1983) Advertising effects on attributes recalled and criteria used for brand evaluations, Journal of Consumer Research, 10, pp. 310-318.
25. Gardner, M. P. (1985) Does attitude toward the ad affect brand attitude under a brand evaluation set? Journal of Marketing Research, 22, pp. 192-198.
26. Gardner, M. P., Mitchell, A. A. & Russo, J. E. (1985) Low involvement strategies for processing advertisements, Journal of Advertising, 14(2), pp. 4-13.
27. Garramone, G. M. (1984) Voter responses to negative political ads, Journalism Quarterly, 61(2), pp. 250-259.
28. Garramone, G. M. (1985) Effects of negative political advertising: the roles of sponsor and rebuttal, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 29(2), pp. 147-159.
29. Garramone, G. M. & Smith, S. J. (1984) Reactions to political advertising: clarifying sponsor effects, Journalism Quarterly, 61(4), pp. 771-775.
30. Gotlieb, J. B. & Sarel, D. (1991) Comparative advertising effectiveness: the role of involvement and source credibility, Journal of Advertising, 20(1), pp. 38-45.
31. Hamilton, D. L. & Zanna, M. P. (1972) Differential weighting of favorable and unfavorable attributes in impression formation, Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 6(2/3), pp. 204-212.
32. Hellweg, S. (1979) An examination of voter conceptualizations of the ideal political candidate, Southern Speech Communication Journal, 44, pp. 373-385.
33. Hill, R. P. (1989) An exploration of voter responses to political advertisements, Journal of Advertising, 18(4), pp. 14-22.
34. Hodges, B. H. (1974) Effect of valence on relative weighting in impression formation, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30(3), pp. 378-381.
35. Hofstetter, C. R. & Buss, T. F. (1980) Politics and last-minute political television, The Western Political Quarterly, 33, pp. 24-37.
36. Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. K. & Kelly, H. H. (1953) Communication and Persuasion (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press).
37. Jennings, K. M. & Niemi, R. G. (1978) The persistence of political orientations: an over-time analysis of two generations, British Journal of Political Science, 8, pp. 333-363.
38. Johnson, B. T. & Eagly, A. H. (1989) Effects of involvement on persuasion: a meta-analysis, Psychological Bulletin, 106(2), pp. 290-314.
39. Johnson-Cartee, K. S. & Copeland, G. A. (1989) Southern voters' reaction to negative political ads in 1986, Journalism Quarterly, 66(4), pp. 888-893 and 986.
40. Johnson-Cartee, K. S. & Copeland, G. A. (1991) Negative Political Advertising: Coming of Age (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates).
41. Johnston, A. (1991) Political broadcasts: an analysis of form, content, and style in presidential communication, in: L. L. Kaid, J. Gerstle & K. R. Sanders (Eds) Mediated Politics in Two Cultures: Presidential Campaigning in the United States and France (New York: Praeger).
42. Johnston, R., Blais, A., Brady, H. E. & Crete, J. (1992) Letting the People Decide: Dynamics of a Canadian Election (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press).
43. Kaid, L. L. & Boydston, J. (1987) An experimental study of the effectiveness of negative political advertisements, Communication Quarterly, 35(2), pp. 193-201.
44. Kanihan, S. F. & Chaffee, S. H. (1996) Situational Influence of Political Involvement on Information Seeking: An Experiment, Paper presented to Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention, Anaheim.
45. Kavanagh, D. (1995) Election Campaigning: The New Marketing of Politics (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers).
46. Kellermann, K. (1989) The negativity effect in interaction: it's all in your point of view, Human Communication Research, 16(2), pp. 147-183.
47. Kelley, H. H. (1967) Attribution theory in social psychology, in: D. Levine (Ed.) Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Vol. 15, pp. 192-238 (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press).
48. Laczniak, R. N., Muehling, D. D. & Grossbart, S. (1989) Manipulating message involvement in advertising research, Journal of Advertising, 18(2), pp. 28-38.
49. Lang, A. (1996) The logic of using inferential statistics with experimental data from nonprobability samples: inspired by Cooper, Dupagne, Potter, and Sparks, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 40(3), pp. 422-430.
50. Lau, R. R. (1982) Negativity in political perception, Political Behavior, 4(4), pp. 353-377.
51. Lau, R. R. (1985) Two explanations for negativity effects in political behavior, American Journal of Political Science, 29(1), pp. 119-138.
52. Lau, R. R. & Erber, R. (1985) Political sophistication: an information processing perspective, in: S. Kraus & R. M. Perloff (Eds) Mass Media and Political Thought, pp. 38-64 (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage).
53. Lazarsfeld, P. F., Berelson, B. & Gaudet, H. (1944) The People's Choice (New York: Columbia University Press).
54. McChesney, R. (1999) Rich Media, Poor Democracy (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press).
55. Mancini, P. & Swanson, D. L. (1996) Politics, media, and modern democracy: introduction, in: D. L. Swanson & P. Mancini (Eds) Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy: An International Study of Innovations in Electoral Campaigning and Their Consequences, pp. 1-26 (Westport, CT: Praeger).
56. Mazzoleni, G. & Roper, C. S. (1995) The presentation of Italian candidates and parties in television advertising, in: L. L. Kaid & C. Holtz-Bacha (Eds) Political Advertising in Western Democracies: Parties and Candidates on Television, pp. 89-108 (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).
57. Merritt, S. (1984) Negative political advertising: some empirical findings, Journal of Advertising, 13(3), pp. 27-38.
58. Muehling, D. D. & Laczniak, R. N. (1988) Advertising's immediate and delayed influence on brand attitudes: considerations across message-involvement levels, Journal of Advertising, 17(4), pp. 23-43.
59. Muehling, D. D., Laczniak, R. N. & Andrews, J. C. (1993) Defining, operationalizing, and using involvement in advertising research, Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 15(1), pp. 21-57.
60. Nunnally, J. C. (1978) Psychometric Theory (New York: McGraw Hill).
61. Ohanian, R. (1990) Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers' perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness, Journal of Advertising, 19, pp. 39-52.
62. Perloff, R. M. & Kinsey, D. (1992) Political advertising as seen by consultants and journalists, Journal of Advertising Research, 36, pp. 53-60.
63. Petty, R. E. & Cacioppo, J. T. (1981a) Attitudes and Persuasion: Classic and Contemporary Approaches (Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown).
64. Petty, R. E. & Cacioppo, J. T. (1981b) Issue involvement as a moderator of the effects on attitude of advertising content and context, in: K. B. Monroe (Ed.) Advances in Consumer Research VIII, pp. 20-24 (Ann Arbor, Ml: Association for Consumer Research).
65. Petty, R. E. & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986) Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change (New York: Springer-Verlag).
66. Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T. & Goldman, R. (1981) Personal involvement as a determinant of argument-based persuasion, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, pp. 847-855.
67. Pinkleton, B. E. (1997) The effects of negative comparative political advertising on candidate evaluations and advertising evaluations: an exploration, Journal of Advertising, 26(1), pp. 19-29.
68. Pinkleton, B. E. (1998) Effects of print comparative political advertising on political decision-making and participation, Journal of Communication, 48(4), pp. 24-36.
69. Pinkleton, B. E. & Austin, E. W. (1998) Media and participation: breaking the spiral of disaffection, in: T. J. Johnson, C. E. Hays & S. P. Hays (Eds) Engaging the Public: How Government and the Media can Reinvigorate American Democracy, pp. 75-86 (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers).
70. Pinkleton, B. E. & Garramone, G. M. (1992) A survey of responses to negative political advertising: voter cognition, affect and behavior, in: L. N. Reid (Ed.) Proceedings of the 1992 Conference of the American Academy of Advertising, pp. 127-133 (Athens, GA: American Academy of Advertising).
71. Pinkleton, B. E., Reagan, J., Aaronson, D. & Chen, C.-F. (1997) The role of individual motivations in information source use and knowledge concerning divergent topics, Communication Research Reports, 14(3), pp. 291-301.
72. Plasser, F., Scheucher, C. & Senft, C. (1999) Is there a European style of political marketing? in: B. I. Newman (Ed.) Handbook of Political Marketing, pp. 89-112 (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).
73. Roddy, B. L. & Garramone, G. M. (1988) Appeals and strategies of negative political advertising, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 32, pp. 415-427.
74. Rosenbaum, M. (1997) From Soapbox to Soundbite: Party Political Campaigning in Britain Since 1945 (London: MacMillan Press).
75. Salmon, C. T. (1986) Perspectives on involvement in consumer and communication research, in: B. Dervin & M. J. Voigt (Eds) Progress in Communication Sciences: Volume VII, pp. 243-268 (Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing).
76. Scammell, M. (1994) Designer Politics: How Elections are Won (New York: St Martin's Press).
77. Shapiro, M. A. & Rieger, R. H. (1992) Comparing positive and negative political advertising on radio, Journalism Quarterly, 69(1), pp. 135-145.
78. Sigelman, L. & Grant, M. M. (1989) Anticandidate voting in the 1984 presidential election, Political Behavior, 11(1), pp. 81-92.
79. Stiff, J. B. (1994) Persuasive Communication (New York: The Guilford Press).
80. Ward, I. (1995) Politics of the Media (Melbourne: MacMillan).
81. Yoon, K., Bolls, P. & Muehling, D. (1999) The effect of involvement, arousal, and pace on claim and non-claim components of attitude toward the ad. Media Psychology, 1(4), pp. 331-352.
82. Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985) Measuring the involvement construct, Journal of Consumer Research, 12, pp. 341-352.
83. Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1986) Conceptualizing involvement, Journal of Advertising, 15(2), pp. 4-14 and 34.