Control of anchoring of nematic fluids at polymer surfaces created by in situ photopolymerization

Journal of Physical Chemistry B

Volumn 109, Issue 18, 2005, Pages 8838-8844

  Zhou, Jian ^a   Collard, David M ^a   Park, Jung O ^a   Srinivasarao, Mohan ^a  

^a GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NEMATIC LIQUIDS; NEMATIC PHASE; POLYMER SURFACES; TEMPERATURE RANGE;

COMPOSITION; COPOLYMERIZATION; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); PHASE SEPARATION; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; POLYMERS; SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; SURFACE PHENOMENA;

LIQUID CRYSTALS;

EID: 19944389910     PISSN: 15206106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp040635a     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Jerome, B. Surface effects and anchoring in liquid crystals. Rep. Prog. Phys. 1991, 54, 391 and references within.
2. Uchida, T.; Seki, H. In Liquid Crystals: Applications and Uses; Bahadur B., Ed.; World Scientific: Singapore, 1992; Vol. 3, pp 1-63.
3. Geary, J. M.; Goodby, J. M.; Kmetz, A. R.; Patel, J. S. The mechanism of polymer alignment of liquid-crystal materials. J. Appl. Phys. 1987, 62, 4100.
4. Ge, J. J.; Li, C. Y.; Xue, G.; Mann, I. K.; Zhang, D.; Wang, S. Y.; Harris, F. W.; Cheng, S. Z. D.; Hong, S.-C.; Zhuang, X.; Shen, Y. R. Rubbing-induced molecular reorientation on an alignment surface of an aromatic polyimide containing cyanobiphenyl side chains. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5768.
5. Armitage, D. Alignment of liquid-crystal on obliquely evaporated silicon-oxide films. J. Appl. Phys. 1980, 51, 2552-5.
6. Jerome, B.; Pieranski, P.; Boix M. Bistable anchoring of nematis on SiO films. Europhys. Lett. 1988, 5, 693.
7. Schadt, M.; Schmitt, K.; Kozinkov, V. Surface-induced parallel alignment of liquid crystals by linearly polymerized photopolymers. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1992, 31, 2155.
8. Ichimura, K. Photoalignment of Liquid-Crystal Systems. Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1847-73 and references within.
9. Proust, J. E.; Ter-Minassian-Saraga, L.; Guyon, E. Orientation of a nematic liquid crystal by suitable boudary surfaces. Solid State Commun. 1972, 11, 1227.
10. Porte, G. Tilted alignment of MBBA induced by short-chain surfactants. J. Phys. (Fr.) 1976, 37, 1245.
11. Gupta, V. K.; Abbott, N. L. Design of surfaces for patterned alignment of liquid crystals on planar and curved substrates. Science 1997, 276, 1533.
12. Miller, W. J.; Gupta, V. K.; Abbott, N. L.; Tsao, M. W.; Rabolt, J. F. Comparison of the anchoring of nematic liquid crystals on self-assembled monolayers formed from semifluorinated thiols and alkanethiols. Liq. Cryst. 1997, 23, 175.
13. Fang, J. Y.; Gehlert, U.; Shashidar, R.; Knobler, C. M. Imaging the azimuthal tilt order in monolayers by liquid crystal optical amplification. Langmuir 1999, 15, 297.
14. Ramdane, O. O.; Auroy, P.; Forget, S.; Raspaud, E.; Martinot-Lagarde, P.; Dozov, I. Memory-free conic anchoring of liquid crystals on a solid substrate. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 84, 3871.
15. Lee, B. W.; Clark, N. A. Alignment of liquid crystals with patterned isotropic surfaces. Science 2001, 291, 2576.
16. Kitson, S.; Geisow, A. Controllable alignment of nematic liquid crystals around microscopic posts: Stabilization of multiple states. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 3635.
17. Kim, J. H.; Yoneya, M.; Yokoyama, H. Tristable nematic liquid-crystal device using micropatterned surface alignment. Nature 2002, 420, 159.
18. Doane, J. W.; Golemme, A.; West, J. L.; Whitehead, J. B.; Wu, B. G. Polymer dispersed liquid-crystals for display application. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1988, 165, 511.
19. Drzaic, P. S. Liquid Crystal Dispersions; World Scientific: Singapore, 1995; Chapter 1.
20. Amundson, K. R.; Srinivasarao, M. Liquid-crystal-anchoring transitions at surfaces created by polymerization-induced phase separation. Phys. Rev. E 1998, 58, R1211-4.
21. Zhou, J.; Collard, D. M.; Park, J. O.; Srinivasarao, M. Control of the anchoring behavior of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals: Effect of branching in the side chains of polyacrylates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 9980.
22. Vorflusev, V.; Kumar, S. Phase-separated composite films for liquid crystal displays. Science 1999, 283, 1903.
23. Penterman, R.; Klink, S. I.; de Koning, H.; Nisato, G.; Broer, D. J. Single-substrate liquid-crystal displays by photoenforced stratification. Nature 2002, 417, 55.
24. Huitema, H. E. A.; Gelinck, G. H.; van der Putten, J. B.; Kuijk, K. E.; Hart, C. M.; Cantatore, E.; Herwig, P. T.; van Breemen, A. J.; de Leeuw, D. M. Plastic transistors in active-matrix displays - The handling of gray levels by these large displays paves the way for electronic paper. Nature 2001, 414, 599.
25. Bos, P. J.; Fredley, D.; Li, J.; Rahman, J. In Liquid Crystals in Complex Geometries; Crawford, G. P., Zumer, S., Eds.; Taylor and Francis: Great Britain, 1996; pp 281-9.
26. Sinha, G. P.; Wen, B.; Rosenblatt, C. Large, continuously controllable nematic pretilt from vertical orientation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 2543.
27. Filas, R. W.; Patel, J. S. Chemically induced high-tilt surfaces for liquid crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1987, 50, 1426.
28. Ong, H. L.; Hurd, A. J.; Meyer, R. B. Alignment of nematic liquid crystals by inhomogeneous surfaces. J. Appl. Phys. 1985, 57, 186.
29. Patel, J. S.; Yokoyama, H. Continuous anchoring transition in liquid crystals. Nature 1993, 362, 525.
30. Roussel, F.; Canlet, C.; Fung, B. M. Morphology and orientational order of nematic liquid crystal droplets confined in a polymer matrix. Phys. Rev. E 2002, 65, Art. No. 021701.
31. Sharlow, M. F.; Gelbart, W. M. On the parallel perpendicular transition for a nematic phase at a wall. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 11, 25.
32. Walba, D. M.; Korblova, E.; Shao, R.; Maclennan, J. E.; Link, D. R.; Glaser, M. A.; Clark, N. A. A ferroelectric liquid crystal conglomerate composed of racemic molecules. Science 2000, 288, 2181.
33. Collard, D. M.; Lillya, C. P. Structure-property relationships for the thermal phase behavior of discotic liquid crystals: the effect of branching and unsaturation in the side chains of disklike molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8577.
34. Greenley, R. Z. In Polymer Handbook; Brandrup, J., Immergut, E. H., Grulke, E. A., Eds.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1999; p II-268.
35. Ryschenkow, G.; Kleman, M. Surface defects and structural transitions in very low anchoring energy nematic thin films. J. Chem. Phys. 1976, 64, 404.
36. Bloss, F. D. Optical Crystallography; Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, 1999; Chapters 6 and 8.
37. George, A. K. Optical anisotropy of nematic liquid crystals. Phys. Chem. Liq. 1998, 37, 65.
38. Amundson K. R. Imprinting of nematic order at polymer network surfaces as a function of cross-link density. Phys. Rev. E 1999, 59, 1808.