Playing the 'Green Card' - Financing the Provisional IRA: Part 2

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2003, Pages

  Horgan, John ^a   Taylor, Max ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 1942508609     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546550312331293027     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. House of Commons Northern Ireland Affairs Committee. Financing of Terrorism in Northern Ireland: Fourth Report of Session 2001-2002. Volume 1: Report and Proceedings of the Committee (2 July 2002), p.53.
2. For a summary, see J. Horgan and M. Taylor, 'The Provisional Irish Republican Army: Command and Functional Structure', Terrorism and Political Violence 9/3 (Autumn 1997) pp.1-32.
3. J. Horgan, 'The Case for First-Hand Research', in A. Silke and G. Ilardi (eds.), Researching Terrorism: Trends, Successes, Failures (London: Frank Cass in press).
4. S. O'Callaghan. The Informer (London: Granta Books 1998).
5. D. McCartan, 'Commons move to block IRA funding'. Belfast Telegraph (1 Nov. 1996).
6. V. Guerin, 'IRA used ceasefire to plan bomb campaign'. Sunday Independent (23 June 1996) p.7.
7. M. Taylor and E. Quayle, Terrorist Lives (London: Brassey's 1994), p.46.
8. The multi-agency investigative body established in 1996, whose primary role involves 'the identification of assets, wherever situated, of persons which derive or are suspected to derive directly or indirectly from criminal activity'. See http://www.garda.ie/angarda/cab.html for further details.
9. T. Harnden, Bandit Country (London: Hodder & Stoughton 1999).
10. J. Adams, The Financing of Terror: How the Groups that are Terrorising the World Get the Money To Do It (London: New English Library 1986).
11. Officer Commanding.
12. The Royal Ulster Constabulary, now the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI).
13. J. Cusack and M. Taylor, 'Resurgence of a Terrorist Organization: Part 1 - The UDA: A Case Study', Terrorism and Political Violence 5/3 (July 1993) pp.1-27.
14. K. Maguire, 'Policing the Black Economy: The Role of C13 of the RUC in Northern Ireland', The Police Journal LXVI/2 (1993) pp.127-35.
15. Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism, 'Northern Ireland: Reappraising Republican Violence', Conflict Studies 24 (Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism 1991), pp.16-17.
16. P. Norman, 'The Terrorist Finance Unit and the Joint Action Group on Organized Crime: New Organizational Models and Investigative Strategies to Counter Organized Crime in the UK', The Howard Journal 37/4 (1998) pp.375-92.
17. Henderson, cited in Horgan, 1999, p.12.
18. Connolly, cited in Horgan, 1999, p.11.
19. Government Publications Office, Criminal Justice Act 1994 (No. 15) (Office of the Attorney General, Government of Ireland 1994). Retrieved on 13 March 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://www.irlgov.ie:80/ag/.
20. Government Publications Office, Proceeds of Crime Act 1996 (No. 30) (Office of the Attorney General, Government of Ireland 1996). Retrieved on 13 March 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://www.irlgov.ie:80/ag/.
21. See Adams, 'The Financing of Terror' (note 10), S. Brace, The Red Hand: Protestant Paramilitaries in Northern Ireland (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1992); A.P. Silke, 'In Defence of the Realm: Financing Loyalist Terrorism in Northern Ireland - Part One: Extortion and Blackmail', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 21 (1998) pp.331-6; A. Silke, 'Drink, Drugs and Rock 'n' Roll: Financing Loyalist Terrorism in Northern Ireland - Part Two', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 23/2 (2000) pp.107-27.
22. See Adams, 'The Financing of Terror' (note 10), S. Brace, The Red Hand: Protestant Paramilitaries in Northern Ireland (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1992); A.P. Silke, 'In Defence of the Realm: Financing Loyalist Terrorism in Northern Ireland - Part One: Extortion and Blackmail', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 21 (1998) pp.331-6; A. Silke, 'Drink, Drugs and Rock 'n' Roll: Financing Loyalist Terrorism in Northern Ireland - Part Two', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 23/2 (2000) pp.107-27.
23. See Adams, 'The Financing of Terror' (note 10), S. Brace, The Red Hand: Protestant Paramilitaries in Northern Ireland (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1992); A.P. Silke, 'In Defence of the Realm: Financing Loyalist Terrorism in Northern Ireland - Part One: Extortion and Blackmail', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 21 (1998) pp.331-6; A. Silke, 'Drink, Drugs and Rock 'n' Roll: Financing Loyalist Terrorism in Northern Ireland - Part Two', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 23/2 (2000) pp.107-27.
24. See Adams, 'The Financing of Terror' (note 10), S. Brace, The Red Hand: Protestant Paramilitaries in Northern Ireland (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1992); A.P. Silke, 'In Defence of the Realm: Financing Loyalist Terrorism in Northern Ireland - Part One: Extortion and Blackmail', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 21 (1998) pp.331-6; A. Silke, 'Drink, Drugs and Rock 'n' Roll: Financing Loyalist Terrorism in Northern Ireland - Part Two', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 23/2 (2000) pp.107-27.
25. G.M. Breakwell, S. Hammond, and C. Fife-Schaw, Research Methods in Psychology (London: Sage 1995) p.25.
26. R.D. Crelinsten, 'Terrorism as Political Communication: The Relationship between the Controller and the Controlled', in P. Wilkinson and A.M. Stewart (eds.), Contemporary Research on Terrorism (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press 1987) pp.3-23.
27. R.W. White, 'Issues in the Study of Political Violence: Understanding the Motives of Participants in Small Group Political Violence'. Paper presented at The Future Developments in Terrorism Conference, University College, Cork, 3-5 March 1999.
28. L. Richardson, 'Terrorists as Transnational Actors', in M. Taylor and J. Horgan (eds.), The Future of Terrorism (London: Frank Cass 1999) pp.209-19.
29. Adams, 'The Financing of Terror' (note 10); also J. Adams, 'The Financing of Terror', in P. Wilkinson and A.M. Stewart (eds.), Contemporary Research on Terrorism (pp.393-405). (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University 1987) pp.393-405.
30. Adams, 'The Financing of Terror' (note 10); also J. Adams, 'The Financing of Terror', in P. Wilkinson and A.M. Stewart (eds.), Contemporary Research on Terrorism (pp.393-405). (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University 1987) pp.393-405.
31. S. Anderson, 'Making a Killing', Harper's Magazine, 288 (1 Feb. 1994). Retrieved on 8 July, 1996 from the Electric Library Database on the World Wide Web: http://www.elibrary.com.
32. K. Maguire, 'Fraud, extortion and racketeering: The black economy in Northern Ireland', Crime, Law and Social Change 20 (1993) pp.273-92.
33. Bruce, 'The Red Hand' (note 21).
34. M. Taylor, The Terrorist (London: Brassey's 1988) p.56.
35. L. Clarke, 'IRA Threatens to Kill Informants', Sunday Times (12 Jan. 1997) p.24.
36. M. Morrissey and K. Pease, 'The Black Criminal Justice System in West Belfast', The Howard Journal XXI (1982) pp.159-66.
37. Ibid., p.163.
38. Ibid.; also see J. Darby, Intimidation and the Control of Conflict in Northern Ireland (New York: Syracuse University Press 1986) pp.158-62.
39. Ibid.; also see J. Darby, Intimidation and the Control of Conflict in Northern Ireland (New York: Syracuse University Press 1986) pp.158-62.
40. Sinn Féin, 'Building the Economy, Building the Peace'. Paper Presented at the Washington Conference on Trade and Investment in Ireland, May 1995 (Dublin: Sinn Féin National Headquarters 1995).
41. Adams, 'The Financing of Terror' (note 10).
42. Bruce, 'The Red Hand' (note 21).
43. I b i d.
44. Ibid., p.283.
45. Ibid., p.284.
46. I b i d.
47. I b i d.
48. It might appear obvious to draw attention to the recent case of alleged PIRA activity in Colombia, but details remain very unclear.
49. L. Clarke, 'Sinn Fein tiger will not be tamed', Sunday Times (4 May 1997) p.13.
50. Anderson, 'Making a Killing' (note 27).
51. Maguire, 'Fraud, Extortion and Racketeering' (note 28).
52. Ibid., p.273.
53. D.J. Pyle, Tax Evasion and the Black Economy (Basingstoke: Macmillan 1989).
54. A.P. Silke, 'The Lords of Discipline: The Methods and Motives of Paramilitary Vigilantism in Northern Ireland', Low Intensity Conflict and Law Enforcement 7/2 (1998) pp.121-56; A.P. Silke, 'Rebel's Dilemma: The Changing Relationship between the IRA, Sinn Féin and Paramilitary Vigilantism in Northern Ireland', unpublished draft paper.
55. A.P. Silke, 'The Lords of Discipline: The Methods and Motives of Paramilitary Vigilantism in Northern Ireland', Low Intensity Conflict and Law Enforcement 7/2 (1998) pp.121-56; A.P. Silke, 'Rebel's Dilemma: The Changing Relationship between the IRA, Sinn Féin and Paramilitary Vigilantism in Northern Ireland', unpublished draft paper.
56. Maguire, 'Fraud, Extortion and Racketeering' (note 28), p.289.
57. Belfast Telegraph, 'Milk: Selling at 4p a bottle - UDA', Belfast Telegraph (22 May 1974) page number unavailable; Belfast Telegraph, 'UDA running three Belfast public houses', Belfast Telegraph (6 August 1974) page number unavailable.
58. Belfast Telegraph, 'Milk: Selling at 4p a bottle - UDA', Belfast Telegraph (22 May 1974) page number unavailable; Belfast Telegraph, 'UDA running three Belfast public houses', Belfast Telegraph (6 August 1974) page number unavailable.
59. Copy in authors' possession.
60. Belfast Telegraph, 'UDA running three public houses' (note 51).
61. Anderson, 'Making a Killing' (note 27).
62. I b i d.
63. Bruce, 'The Red Hand' (note 21).
64. I b i d.
65. For a development of this theme, see J. Horgan, 'The Social and Psychological Characteristics of Terrorism and Terrorists', paper presented at the Root Causes of Terrorism Conference, Oslo, 9-11 June 2003 (available from the author).