Gender portrayal in British and Japanese TV advertisements

Communications

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 319-348

  Furnham, Adrian ^a   Imadzu, Ellie ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

British television; Content analysis; Japanese television; Sex roles; Television advertisements

Indexed keywords

EID: 1942448660     PISSN: 03412059     EISSN: 16134087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/comm.27.3.319     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. (The true image of working women on television commercials - a sensitive reflection of modern society.). (1993, August 11). Asahi Shinbun, p. 13
2. Bresnahan, M., Inoue, Y., Liu. W. and Nishida, T. (2001). Changing gender roles in prime-time commercials in Malaysia, Japan, Taiwan and the United States. Sex Roles, 45, 117-131
3. Bretl, D. J. and Cantor, J. (1988). The portrayal of men and women in US television commercials. A recent content analysis and trends over 15 years. Sex Roles, 18, 595-609
4. Bryant, J. and Zillman, D. (1994). Media Effects. Hillsdale, N. J.: LEA
5. Busby, L. J. (1980). Sex role research on the mass media. Journal of Communication, 25, 107-131
6. Callan, M. (1976). Women copywriters get better, but male chauvinism in ads roll on. Advertising Age, October 4, 75-76
7. Courtney, A. E. and Whipple, T. W. (1974). Women in TV commercials. Journal of Communication, 24, 110-117
8. Courtney, A. E. and Whipple, T. W. (1983). Sex stereotyping in advertising. Lexington, KY: Lexington Books
9. Cully, J. A. and Bennett, R. (1976). Women in TV commercials. Journal of Communication, 24, 160-178
10. Daniels and Benet, J. (Eds.). Hearth and home: Images of women in the mass media. New York: Oxford University Press
11. (Citizens of Kansai: Results of 'best' 'worst' commercials regarding gender roles). (1992, September 3). Yomiuri Shinbun, p. 16
12. Dominick, R. J. and Rauch, G. (1972). The image of women in network TV commercials. Journal of Broadcasting, 17, 259-266
13. Downs, A. C. and Harrison, S. K. (1985). Embarrassing age spots or just plain ugly? Physical attractiveness stereotyping as an instrument of sexism on American television commercials. Sex Roles, 13, 9-19
14. Durkin, K. and Nugent, B. (1998). Kindergarten children's gender-role expectations for television actors. Sex Roles, 38, 387-402
15. Embree, A. (1970). Madison avenue brainwashing - The facts. In R. Morgan (Ed.), Sisterhood is powerful: An anthology of writings from the women's liberation movement. New York: Vintage Books
16. Ferrante, C., Haynes, A. and Kingsley, S. (1988). Image of women in television advertising. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 32, 231-237
17. Franklin, C. M., II. (1984). The changing definition of masculinity. New York: Plenum
18. Furnham, A., Abramsky, S. & Gunter, B. (1997). A cross-cultural content analysis of children's television advertisements. Sex Roles, 37, 91-99
19. Furnham, A., Babitzkow, M. and Uguccioni, S. (2000). Gender stereotyping in television advertisements: A study of French and Danish television. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 126(1), 79-104
20. Furnham, A. and Bitar, N. (1993). The stereotyped portrayal of men and women in British television advertisements. Sex Roles, 29, 297-310
21. Furnham, A. and Farragher, E. (2000). A cross-cultural content analysis of sex-role stereotyping in television advertisements: A comparison between Great Britain and New Zealand. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 44, 415-436
22. Furnham, A. and Mak, T. (1999). Sex role stereotyping in television commercials: A review and comparison of fourteen studies done on five continents over 25 years. Sex Roles, 41, 413-437
23. Furnham, A., Mak, T. and Tanidjojo, L. (2000). An Asian perspective on the portrayal of men and women in television advertisements: Studies from Hong Kong and Indonesian television. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 1-29
24. Furnham, A., Pallangyo, A. and Gunter, B. (2001). Gender-role stereotyping in Zimbabwean television advertisements. South African Journal of Psychology, 31, 21-29
25. Furnham, A. and Skae, E. (1997). Portrayals of men and women in British television advertisements. European Psychologist, 2, 41-51
26. Furnham, A. and Spencer Bowdage (forthcoming). Sex role stereotyping in television advertisements: A content analysis of advertisements from South Africa and Great Britain. Paper under review
27. Furnham, A. and Schofield, S. (1986). Sex role stereotyping in British radio advertisements. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 165-171
28. Furnham, A. and Thomson, L. (1999). Gender role stereotyping in advertisements on two Britisch radio stations. Sex Roles, 40, 135-165
29. Furnham, A. and Voli, V. (1989). Gender stereotypes in Italian television advertisements. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 33, 175-185
30. Gerbner, G. and Signorielli, N. (1979). Women and minorities in television drama: 1969-1978: Research report. Anneberg School of Communication, Philadelphia, in collaboration with Seven Actors Guild, AFL-CIO
31. Gilly, M. C. (1988). Sex roles in advertising: A comparison of television advertisements in Australia, Mexico, and the United States. Journal of Marketing, 52(2), 75-85
32. Gross, L. and Jeffries-Fox, S. (1978). What do you want to be when you grow up, little girl? In G. Tuchman, A. Kaplan Daniels, and J. Benet (Eds.), Hearth and home: Images of women in the mass media. New York: Oxford University Press
33. Gunter, B. (1987). Poor reception. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
34. Gunter, B. (1995). Television and Gender Representation. London: Libbey
35. Gunter, B. and Svennevig, M. (1987). Behind and in front of the screen. London: Libbey
36. Gunter, B. and Wober, M. (1982). The reactive viewer. London: Libbey
37. Hall, C. C. I. and Crum, M. J. (1994). Women and 'Body-isms' in television beer commercials. Sex Roles, 31, 329-337
38. Harris, A. C. (1994). Ethnicity as a determinant of sex role identity: A replication study of item selection for the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Sex Roles, 31, 241-273
39. Harris, P. R. and Stobart, J. (1986). Sex-role stereotyping in British television advertisements at different times of the day: An extension and refinement of Manstead and McCulloch (1981). British Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 155-164
40. Hennessee, J. and Nicholson, J. (1972, May 28). NOW says: TV commercials insult women. New York Times Magazine, pp.13, 48-51
41. th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
42. Hurtz, W. and Durkin, K. (1997). Gender role stereotyping in Australian radio commercials. Sex Roles, 3, 103-114
43. Jennings, J., Geis, F. and Brown, V. (1980). Influence of television commercials on women's self-confidence and independence judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 203-210
44. Kashiwagi, Y. (1974). Seinenki ni okeru seiyakuwari no ninchi (III) [The cognitive development of sex role in female adolescence]. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 22, 205-215
45. Kaufman, G. (1999). The portrayal of men's family roles in television commercials. Sex Roles, 41, 439-458
46. Katsurada, E. and Sugihara, Y. (1999). Gender differences in gender-role perceptions among Japanese college students. Sex Roles, 41, 775-786
47. Kimball, M. (1986). Television and sex-role attitudes. In T. M. Williams (Ed.), The impact of television. London: Academic Press
48. th Survey Results.) (1995, November 30) Sankei Shinbun, p. 19
49. (Mounting misperceptions of 'gender' in advertisements - viewers repel against 'Commercialization'. (1997b, August 17). Asahi Shinbun, p. 19
50. Krippendorff, K. (1980). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
51. Landrine, H. (1985). Race × class stereotypes of women. Sex Roles, 13, 65-75
52. Leppard, W., Ogletree, S. M. and Wallen, E. (1993). Gender stereotyping in medical advertising: Much ado about something? Sex Roles, 29, 829-837
53. Livingstone, S. & Green, G. (1986). Television advertisements and the portrayal of gender. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 149-154
54. Lovdal, L. T. (1989). Sex role messages in television commercials: An update. Sex Roles, 21, 715-724
55. Manstead, A. S. R., and McCulloch, C. (1981). Sex-role stereotyping in British television advertisements. British Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 171-180
56. Maraceck, J., Piliavin, J. A., Fitzsimmons, E., Krogh, E. C., Leader, E. and Trudell, B. (1978). Women as TV experts: The voice of authority? Journal of Communication, 28, 159-168
57. McArthur, L. Z. and Resko, B. G. (1975). The portrayal of men and women in American television commercials. Journal of Social Psychology, 97, 209-220
58. McGhee, P. E. and Frueh, M. D. (1975). The portrayal of men and women in American television commercials. Journal of Social Psychology, 11, 109
59. McGhee, P. E. and Frueh, M. D. (1980). Television viewing and the learning of sex role stereotypes. Sex Roles, 6, 179-188
60. Neto, F., and Pinto, I. (1998). Gender stereotypes in Portuguese television advertisements. Sex Roles, 39, 153-164
61. O'Donnell, W. J. and O'Donnell, K. J. (1978).Update: Sex-role messages in TV commercials. Journal of Communication, 28, 156-158
62. (Women at home: Recent Television Commercials out of date, Citizens' Questioning Committee). (1989, November 5). Asahi Shinbun, p. 19
63. ("Husband makes breakfast; Wife sleeps in" "Husband and wife clean house together" Popular commercials among the Committee Questioning Gender Roles). (1992, August 25). Asahi Shinbun, p. 21
64. Rak, D. S. & McMullen, L. M. (1987). Sex-role stereotyping in television commercials: A verbal response mode and content analysis. Canada Journal of Behavioural Science, 19, 25-39
65. Sakamoto, A. Kitou, M. Takahira, M. and Adadiu, N. (1999). Gender stereotyping in Japanese television: A content analysis of commercials from 1961-1993. In T. Sugiman, M. Karasawa, J. Liu, and C. Ward (Eds). Progress in Asian Social Psychology: Volume 2. Theoretical and Empirical Contributions (pp 201-212). Seoul: Kyoyook-Kwahak-sa
66. Schneider, K. C. (1979). Sex roles in television commercials: New dimensions for comparison. Akron Business and Economic Review, Fall, 20-24
67. Schneider, K. C. and Schneider, S. B. (1979). Trends in sex roles in television commercials. Journal of Marketing, 43, 79-84
68. Sei" no Shokuhinka ni Kougi no Koe Muyou no Hadakaga Oosugiru CM de Osaka no Chimindantai Anke. (Objections to commercialization of gender: Too many unnecessary nudes - Survey of Osaka Citizens on commercials.). (1998, October 23). Yomiuri Shinbun, p. 14
69. (10 Years of eliminating gender discrimination in television commercials: "Questioning Committee" publishes commemorative bulletin.). (1995, December 15). Yomiruri Shinbun, p. 18
70. Signorielli, N., McLeod, D. and Healy, E. (1994). Gender stereotypes in MTV commercials: The beat goes on. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 91-101
71. Smith, P. and Bond, M. (1993). Social psychology across cultures. Hemel Hampstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf
72. Suezle, M. (1979). Women in labor. Trans-action, 8, 50-58
73. Sugihara, Y. (1999). Masuculinity and femininity in Japanese culture: a pilot study. Sex Roles, 40, 635-646
74. (Investigating women in Television Commercials, Housewives have lively debate at lecture course in Nara.). (1997a, November 26). Asahi Shinbun
75. Thoverton, G. (1978). The symbolic annihilation of women by the mass media. In G. Tuchman, A. Kaplan Daniels and J. Benet (Eds.), Hearth and home: Images of women in the mass media. New York: Oxford University Press
76. Williams, J. E. (1990). Measuring sex stereotypes: A multinational study. Newbury Park, CA: Sage