메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 111, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 430-445

Predicting Risk Sensitivity in Humans and Lower Animals: Risk as Variance or Coefficient of Variation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DECISION MAKING; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; STATISTICAL MODEL;

EID: 1942443226     PISSN: 0033295X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.111.2.430     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (508)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 3042972769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Final Report FTA-MD-26-7001-96-2). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation
    • Abacus Technology Corporation. (1996). Probabilistic risk analysis for turnkey construction: A case study (Final Report FTA-MD-26-7001-96-2). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation.
    • (1996) Probabilistic Risk Analysis for Turnkey Construction: A Case Study
  • 2
    • 0028975991 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of memory for amount in the foraging of starlings, sturnus vulgaris
    • Bateson, M., & Kacelnik, A. (1995). Accuracy of memory for amount in the foraging of starlings, sturnus vulgaris. Animal Behaviour, 50, 431-443.
    • (1995) Animal Behaviour , vol.50 , pp. 431-443
    • Bateson, M.1    Kacelnik, A.2
  • 3
    • 0003105343 scopus 로고
    • Testing between alternative models of choice under uncertainty: Some initial results
    • Battalio, R. C., Kagel, J. H., & Jiranyakul, K. (1990). Testing between alternative models of choice under uncertainty: Some initial results. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 3, 25-50.
    • (1990) Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , vol.3 , pp. 25-50
    • Battalio, R.C.1    Kagel, J.H.2    Jiranyakul, K.3
  • 4
    • 0002744251 scopus 로고
    • Risk, return, and utility
    • Bell, D. E. (1995). Risk, return, and utility. Management Science, 41, 23-30.
    • (1995) Management Science , vol.41 , pp. 23-30
    • Bell, D.E.1
  • 5
    • 0031214971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural differences in risk perception: A model-based approach
    • Bontempo, R. N., Bottom, W. P., & Weber, E. U. (1997). Cross-cultural differences in risk perception: A model-based approach. Risk Analysis, 17, 479-488.
    • (1997) Risk Analysis , vol.17 , pp. 479-488
    • Bontempo, R.N.1    Bottom, W.P.2    Weber, E.U.3
  • 6
    • 0001138843 scopus 로고
    • An adaptive approach to human decision making: Learning theory, decision theory, and human performance
    • Busemeyer, J. R., & Myung, I. J. (1992). An adaptive approach to human decision making: Learning theory, decision theory, and human performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121, 177-194.
    • (1992) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.121 , pp. 177-194
    • Busemeyer, J.R.1    Myung, I.J.2
  • 7
    • 0027637720 scopus 로고
    • Decision field theory: A dynamic cognition approach to decision making
    • Busemeyer, J., & Townsend, J. T. (1993). Decision field theory: A dynamic cognition approach to decision making, Psychological Review, 100, 432-459.
    • (1993) Psychological Review , vol.100 , pp. 432-459
    • Busemeyer, J.1    Townsend, J.T.2
  • 9
    • 18644365144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience-weighted attraction in games
    • Camerer, C. F., & Ho, T. (1999). Experience-weighted attraction in games. Econometrica, 64, 827-874.
    • (1999) Econometrica , vol.64 , pp. 827-874
    • Camerer, C.F.1    Ho, T.2
  • 10
    • 0000746509 scopus 로고
    • On foraging time allocation in a stochastic environment
    • Caraco, T. (1980). On foraging time allocation in a stochastic environment. Ecology, 61, 119-128.
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 119-128
    • Caraco, T.1
  • 12
    • 0001043255 scopus 로고
    • A model of income distribution
    • Champernowne, D. G. (1953). A model of income distribution. Economic Journal, 63, 318.
    • (1953) Economic Journal , vol.63 , pp. 318
    • Champernowne, D.G.1
  • 14
    • 84990473865 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic susceptibility: Distinguishing anthopogenic effects from the natural
    • Crowther, J., & Barker, P. (1995). Magnetic susceptibility: Distinguishing anthopogenic effects from the natural. Archaeological Prospection, 2, 207-215.
    • (1995) Archaeological Prospection , vol.2 , pp. 207-215
    • Crowther, J.1    Barker, P.2
  • 16
    • 0000529063 scopus 로고
    • The statistical approach to learning
    • S. Koch (Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Estes, W. K. (1959). The statistical approach to learning. In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A study of a science (Vol. 2, pp. 380-491). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1959) Psychology: A Study of a Science , vol.2 , pp. 380-491
    • Estes, W.K.1
  • 18
    • 0000203039 scopus 로고
    • The effect of framing on choice: Interactions with risk taking propensity, cognitive style, and sex
    • Fagley, N. S., & Miller P. M. (1990). The effect of framing on choice: Interactions with risk taking propensity, cognitive style, and sex. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 496-510.
    • (1990) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.16 , pp. 496-510
    • Fagley, N.S.1    Miller, P.M.2
  • 19
    • 0026902355 scopus 로고
    • Preverbal and verbal counting and computation
    • Gallistel, C. R., & Gelman, R. (1992). Preverbal and verbal counting and computation. Cognition, 44, 43-74.
    • (1992) Cognition , vol.44 , pp. 43-74
    • Gallistel, C.R.1    Gelman, R.2
  • 20
    • 0344787262 scopus 로고
    • Scalar expectancy theory and Weber's law in animal timing
    • Gibbon, J. (1977). Scalar expectancy theory and Weber's law in animal timing. Psychological Review, 84, 279-335.
    • (1977) Psychological Review , vol.84 , pp. 279-335
    • Gibbon, J.1
  • 22
    • 11944267218 scopus 로고
    • How to improve Bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats
    • Gigerenzer, G., & Hoffrage, U. (1995). How to improve Bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats. Psychological Review, 102, 684-704.
    • (1995) Psychological Review , vol.102 , pp. 684-704
    • Gigerenzer, G.1    Hoffrage, U.2
  • 23
    • 85047669562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making trade-offs: A probabilistic and context-sensitive model of choice behavior
    • Gonzalez-Vallejo, C. (2002). Making trade-offs: A probabilistic and context-sensitive model of choice behavior. Psychological Review, 109, 137-155.
    • (2002) Psychological Review , vol.109 , pp. 137-155
    • Gonzalez-Vallejo, C.1
  • 25
    • 0028969628 scopus 로고
    • Learning and memory in the honeybee
    • Hammer, M., & Menzel, R. (1995). Learning and memory in the honeybee. The Journal of Neuroscience, 15, 1617-1630.
    • (1995) The Journal of Neuroscience , vol.15 , pp. 1617-1630
    • Hammer, M.1    Menzel, R.2
  • 27
    • 0030072194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problem domain and prospect frame: Choice under opportunity versus threat
    • Highhouse, S., & Paese, P. W. (1996). Problem domain and prospect frame: Choice under opportunity versus threat. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 124-132.
    • (1996) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.22 , pp. 124-132
    • Highhouse, S.1    Paese, P.W.2
  • 30
    • 0031530004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fundamental prediction error: Self-others discrepancies in risk preference
    • Hsee, C. K., & Weber, E. U. (1997). A fundamental prediction error: Self-others discrepancies in risk preference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 126, 45-53.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.126 , pp. 45-53
    • Hsee, C.K.1    Weber, E.U.2
  • 31
    • 0011773054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Working Paper 94/95-3-4) Graduate School of Business, University of Texas at Austin
    • Jia, J., & Dyer, J. S. (1997). Risk-value theory (Working Paper 94/95-3-4). Graduate School of Business, University of Texas at Austin.
    • (1997) Risk-value Theory
    • Jia, J.1    Dyer, J.S.2
  • 33
    • 33746106102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risky theories - The effects of variance on foraging decisions
    • Kacelnik, A., & Bateson, M. (1996). Risky theories - The effects of variance on foraging decisions. American Zoologist, 36, 402-434.
    • (1996) American Zoologist , vol.36 , pp. 402-434
    • Kacelnik, A.1    Bateson, M.2
  • 34
    • 0000545694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-sensitivity: Crossroads for theories of decision-making
    • Kacelnik, A., & Bateson, M. (1998). Risk-sensitivity: Crossroads for theories of decision-making. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1, 304-309.
    • (1998) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.1 , pp. 304-309
    • Kacelnik, A.1    Bateson, M.2
  • 36
    • 0000125532 scopus 로고
    • Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk
    • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263-283.
    • (1979) Econometrica , vol.47 , pp. 263-283
    • Kahneman, D.1    Tversky, A.2
  • 40
    • 0000449749 scopus 로고
    • Preference reversal: Information-processing effect or rational non-transitive choice?
    • Loomes, G., Starmer, C., & Sugden, R. (1989). Preference reversal: Information-processing effect or rational non-transitive choice? The Economic Journal, 99, 140-151.
    • (1989) The Economic Journal , vol.99 , pp. 140-151
    • Loomes, G.1    Starmer, C.2    Sugden, R.3
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0002654316 scopus 로고
    • An informational theory of the statistical structure of language
    • W. Jackson (Ed.). New York: Buttersworth
    • Mandelbrot, B. (1953). An informational theory of the statistical structure of language. In W. Jackson (Ed.), Communication theory (pp. 486-502). New York: Buttersworth.
    • (1953) Communication Theory , pp. 486-502
    • Mandelbrot, B.1
  • 46
    • 1542577227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning to be risk-averse
    • March, J. G. (1996). Learning to be risk-averse. Psychological Review, 103, 309-319.
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , pp. 309-319
    • March, J.G.1
  • 48
    • 0028972278 scopus 로고
    • Bee foraging in uncertain environments using predictive hebbian learning
    • October 26
    • Montague, P. R., Dayan, P., Person, C., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1995, October 26). Bee foraging in uncertain environments using predictive hebbian learning. Nature, 377, 725-728.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 725-728
    • Montague, P.R.1    Dayan, P.2    Person, C.3    Sejnowski, T.J.4
  • 49
    • 1942511753 scopus 로고
    • (Working Paper No. 95-02). College Park, MD: University of Maryland, Agriculture and Resource Economics Department
    • Musser, W. N., & Patrick, G. F. (1995). Farmers and prospect theory: Some reliability concerns (Working Paper No. 95-02). College Park, MD: University of Maryland, Agriculture and Resource Economics Department.
    • (1995) Farmers and Prospect Theory: Some Reliability Concerns
    • Musser, W.N.1    Patrick, G.F.2
  • 50
    • 0028992688 scopus 로고
    • The potential of marginal lands for bees and apiculture: Nectar secretion in Mediterranean shrublands
    • Petanidou, T., & Smets, E. (1995). The potential of marginal lands for bees and apiculture: Nectar secretion in Mediterranean shrublands. Apidologie, 26, 39-52.
    • (1995) Apidologie , vol.26 , pp. 39-52
    • Petanidou, T.1    Smets, E.2
  • 51
    • 0001006304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk aversion and expected-utility theory: A calibration theorem
    • Rabin, M. (2000). Risk aversion and expected-utility theory: A calibration theorem, Econometrica, 68, 1281-1292.
    • (2000) Econometrica , vol.68 , pp. 1281-1292
    • Rabin, M.1
  • 53
    • 33746177424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradox, performance, and the architecture of decision-making in animals
    • Real, L. A. (1996). Paradox, performance, and the architecture of decision-making in animals. American Zoologist, 36, 518-529.
    • (1996) American Zoologist , vol.36 , pp. 518-529
    • Real, L.A.1
  • 54
    • 84862352817 scopus 로고
    • "Variability happens": Basic descriptive statistics for volunteer programs
    • Rector, J. (1995). "Variability happens": Basic descriptive statistics for volunteer programs. The Volunteer Monitor, 7, 1-8.
    • (1995) The Volunteer Monitor , vol.7 , pp. 1-8
    • Rector, J.1
  • 56
    • 0026915518 scopus 로고
    • Framing and conflict: Aspiration level contingency, the status quo, and current theories of risky choice
    • Schneider, S. L. (1992). Framing and conflict: Aspiration level contingency, the status quo, and current theories of risky choice. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 1040-1057.
    • (1992) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.18 , pp. 1040-1057
    • Schneider, S.L.1
  • 57
    • 0000688601 scopus 로고
    • Are risk-attitudes related across domain and response modes?
    • Schoemaker, P. J. H. (1990). Are risk-attitudes related across domain and response modes? Management Science, 36, 1451-1463.
    • (1990) Management Science , vol.36 , pp. 1451-1463
    • Schoemaker, P.J.H.1
  • 58
    • 0028178984 scopus 로고
    • Intransitivity of preferences in honey bees: Support for "comparative" evaluation of foraging options
    • Shafir, S. (1994). Intransitivity of preferences in honey bees: Support for "comparative" evaluation of foraging options. Animal Behaviour, 48, 55-67.
    • (1994) Animal Behaviour , vol.48 , pp. 55-67
    • Shafir, S.1
  • 59
    • 0034058678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-sensitive foraging: The effect of relative variability
    • Shafir, S. (2000). Risk-sensitive foraging: The effect of relative variability. Oikos, 88, 663-669.
    • (2000) Oikos , vol.88 , pp. 663-669
    • Shafir, S.1
  • 60
    • 0038756624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognition-mediated coevolution: Context-dependent evaluations and sensitivity of pollinators to variability in nectar rewards
    • Shafir, S., Bechar, A., & Weber, E. U. (2003). Cognition-mediated coevolution: Context-dependent evaluations and sensitivity of pollinators to variability in nectar rewards. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 238, 195-209.
    • (2003) Plant Systematics and Evolution , vol.238 , pp. 195-209
    • Shafir, S.1    Bechar, A.2    Weber, E.U.3
  • 61
    • 0033135120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-sensitive foraging: Choice behavior of honey bees in response to variability in volume of reward
    • Shafir, S., Wiegmann, D., Smith, B. H., & Real, L. A. (1999). Risk-sensitive foraging: Choice behavior of honey bees in response to variability in volume of reward. Animal Behaviour, 57, 1055-1061.
    • (1999) Animal Behaviour , vol.57 , pp. 1055-1061
    • Shafir, S.1    Wiegmann, D.2    Smith, B.H.3    Real, L.A.4
  • 62
    • 84980092818 scopus 로고
    • Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk
    • Sharpe, W. (1964). Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. Journal of Finance, 19, 425.
    • (1964) Journal of Finance , vol.19 , pp. 425
    • Sharpe, W.1
  • 63
    • 0000570212 scopus 로고
    • On a class of skew distribution functions
    • Simon, H. A. (1955). On a class of skew distribution functions. Biometrika, 42, 425-440.
    • (1955) Biometrika , vol.42 , pp. 425-440
    • Simon, H.A.1
  • 64
    • 77954557633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The empirical case for two systems of reasoning
    • Sloman, S. A. (1996). The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 3-22.
    • (1996) Psychological Bulletin , vol.119 , pp. 3-22
    • Sloman, S.A.1
  • 65
    • 0000618093 scopus 로고
    • The logic of risk-sensitive foraging preferences
    • Stephens, D. W. (1981). The logic of risk-sensitive foraging preferences. Animal Behaviour, 29, 628-629.
    • (1981) Animal Behaviour , vol.29 , pp. 628-629
    • Stephens, D.W.1
  • 66
    • 0001965157 scopus 로고
    • The effect of decision frame and decision justification on risky choice
    • Takemura, K. (1993). The effect of decision frame and decision justification on risky choice. Japanese Psychological Research, 35, 36-40.
    • (1993) Japanese Psychological Research , vol.35 , pp. 36-40
    • Takemura, K.1
  • 67
    • 0002358437 scopus 로고
    • Influence of elaboration on the framing of decision
    • Takemura, K. (1994). Influence of elaboration on the framing of decision. Journal of Psychology, 128, 33-39.
    • (1994) Journal of Psychology , vol.128 , pp. 33-39
    • Takemura, K.1
  • 69
    • 0000630111 scopus 로고
    • Gambling with the house money and trying to break even: The effects of prior outcomes on risky choice
    • Thaler, R. H., & Johnson, E. J. (1990). Gambling with the house money and trying to break even: The effects of prior outcomes on risky choice. Management Science, 36, 643-660.
    • (1990) Management Science , vol.36 , pp. 643-660
    • Thaler, R.H.1    Johnson, E.J.2
  • 70
    • 0002621983 scopus 로고
    • Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals
    • Whole No. 8
    • Thorndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals. Psychological Review Monographs Supplement, 2(4, Whole No. 8).
    • (1898) Psychological Review Monographs Supplement , vol.2 , Issue.4
    • Thorndike, E.L.1
  • 71
    • 31744450082 scopus 로고
    • Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty
    • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5, 297-323.
    • (1992) Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , vol.5 , pp. 297-323
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 72
    • 0039868080 scopus 로고
    • Problem representation, frame reference, and risky choice
    • van Schie, E. C. M., & van der Plight, J. (1990). Problem representation, frame reference, and risky choice. Acta Psychologica, 75, 243-259.
    • (1990) Acta Psychologica , vol.75 , pp. 243-259
    • Van Schie, E.C.M.1    Van der Plight, J.2
  • 75
    • 84980196497 scopus 로고
    • Perceived social context and risk preference: A re-examination of framing effects in a life-death decision problem
    • Wang, X. T., & Johnston, V. S. (1995). Perceived social context and risk preference: A re-examination of framing effects in a life-death decision problem. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 8, 279-293.
    • (1995) Journal of Behavioral Decision Making , vol.8 , pp. 279-293
    • Wang, X.T.1    Johnston, V.S.2
  • 76
    • 0003564763 scopus 로고
    • (H. E. Ross & D. H. Murray, Eds.; H. E. Ross, Trans.). London: Academic Press. (Original work published 1834)
    • Weber, E. H. (1978). De subtilitate tactus [The sense of touch] (H. E. Ross & D. H. Murray, Eds.; H. E. Ross, Trans.). London: Academic Press. (Original work published 1834)
    • (1978) De Subtilitate Tactus [The Sense of Touch]
    • Weber, E.H.1
  • 77
    • 38249029611 scopus 로고
    • A descriptive measure of risk
    • Weber, E. U. (1988). A descriptive measure of risk. Acta Psychologica, 69, 185-203.
    • (1988) Acta Psychologica , vol.69 , pp. 185-203
    • Weber, E.U.1
  • 78
    • 0040023803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who's afraid of a little risk? New evidence for general risk aversion
    • J. Shanteau, B. A. Mellers, & D. Schum (Eds.). Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Press
    • Weber, E. U. (1999). Who's afraid of a little risk? New evidence for general risk aversion. In J. Shanteau, B. A. Mellers, & D. Schum (Eds.), Decision science and technology: Reflections on the contributions of Ward Edwards (pp. 53-64). Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Press.
    • (1999) Decision Science and Technology: Reflections on the Contributions of Ward Edwards , pp. 53-64
    • Weber, E.U.1
  • 79
    • 0033253802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models and mosaics: Investigating cross-cultural differences in risk perception and risk preference
    • Weber, E. U., & Hsee, C. K. (1999). Models and mosaics: Investigating cross-cultural differences in risk perception and risk preference. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 6, 611-617.
    • (1999) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.6 , pp. 611-617
    • Weber, E.U.1    Hsee, C.K.2
  • 80
    • 0031062117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived risk attitudes: Relating risk perception to risky choice
    • Weber, E. U., & Milliman, R. (1997). Perceived risk attitudes: Relating risk perception to risky choice. Management Science, 43, 122-143.
    • (1997) Management Science , vol.43 , pp. 122-143
    • Weber, E.U.1    Milliman, R.2
  • 82
    • 0001727803 scopus 로고
    • Reinforcement, choice, and response strength
    • R. C. Atkinson, R. J. Herrnstein, G. Lindzey, & R. D. Luce (Eds.). New York: Wiley
    • Williams, B. A. (1988). Reinforcement, choice, and response strength. In R. C. Atkinson, R. J. Herrnstein, G. Lindzey, & R. D. Luce (Eds.), Stevens' handbook of experimental psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 167-244). New York: Wiley.
    • (1988) Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 167-244
    • Williams, B.A.1
  • 83
    • 0033233105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interpretation of "likely" depends on context, but "70%" is 70%, right? The influence of associative processes on perceived certainty
    • Windschitl, P. D., & Weber, E. U. (1999). The interpretation of "likely" depends on context, but "70%" is 70%, right? The influence of associative processes on perceived certainty. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 1514-1533.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.25 , pp. 1514-1533
    • Windschitl, P.D.1    Weber, E.U.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.