Stable patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation have a high alveolar burden of bacteria

Chest

Volumn 127, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 1353-1357

  Baram, Daniel ^a   Hulse, Geoffrey ^a   Palmer, Lucy B ^a  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

BAL; Colony count; Laboratory diagnosis; Long term care; Mechanical ventilation; Microbial pneumonia

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LUNG LOBE; MICROBIAL GROWTH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; BACTERIAL COUNT; BACTERIUM; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LUNG ALVEOLUS; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; TIME;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BACTERIA; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; PULMONARY ALVEOLI; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL; RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 19044393511     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.127.4.1353     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Rello J, Ollendorf DA, Oster G, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large US database. Chest 2002; 122:2115-2121
2. American Thoracic Society. Hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy, and preventative strategies; a consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:1711-1725
3. Chastre J, Fagon JY, Bornet-Lecso M, et al. Evaluation of bronchoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:231-240
4. Papazian L, Thomas P, Garbe L, et al. Bronchoscopic or blind sampling techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:1981-1991
5. Fagon J, Chastre J, Wolff M, et al. Invasive and noninvasive strategies for management of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132:621-630
6. Jourdain B, Joly-Guillou ML, Dombret MC, et al. Usefulness of quantitative cultures of BAL fluid for diagnosing nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients. Chest 1997; 111:411-418
7. American College of Chest Physicians. Evidence-based assessment of diagnostic test for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 2000; 17(Suppl):177S-218S
8. Rodriguez De Castro F, Sole J, Elcuaz R. Quantitative cultures of protected brush specimens and bronchoalveolar lavage in ventilated patients without suspected pneumonia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994; 149:320-323
9. Johanson WG, Pierce AK, Sanford JP, et al. Nosocomial respiratory infections with Gram-negative bacilli: the significance of colonization of the respiratory tract. Ann Intern Med 1972; 77:701-706
10. Harlid R, Andersson G, Frostell CG, et al. Respiratory tract colonization and infection in patients with chronic tracheostomy: a one-year study in patients living at home. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154:124-129
11. Bartlett JG, Faling LJ, Willey S. Quantitative tracheal bacteriologic and cytologic studies in patients with long-term tracheostomies. Chest 1978; 74:635-639
12. Mulligan S. AARC and Gallup estimate numbers and costs of caring for chronic ventilator patients. AARC Times 1991; 15:30-36
13. Carson SS, Bach PB, Brzozowski L, et al. Outcomes after long-term acute care: an analysis of 133 mechanically ventilated patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:1568-1573
14. Kobashi Y, Matsushima T. Clinical analysis of patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation of over three months: ventilator-associated pneumonia as a primary complication. Intern Med 2003; 42:25-32
15. Ahmed QAA, Niederman MS. Respiratory infection in the chronically critically ill patient: ventilator-associated pneumonia and tracheobronchitis. Clin Chest Med 2001; 22:71-85
16. Cook DJ, Walter SD, Cook RJ, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients: results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129:433-460
17. Langer M, Mosconi P, Cigada M, et al. Long-term respiratory support and risk of pneumonia in critically ill patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140:302-305
18. Chevret S, Hemmer M, Carlet J, et al. Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19:256-264
19. Marquette C, Copin M, Wallet F, et al. Diagnostic tests for pneumonia in ventilated patients: prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy using histology as a diagnostic gold standard. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:1878-1888
20. Pugin J, Auckenthaler R, Mili N, et al. Diagnosis of ventilator- associated pneumonia by bacteriologic analysis of bronchoscopic and non-bronchoscopic "blind" bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143:1121-1129
21. Castre J, Fagon JY. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:867-903
22. Lambotte O, Timsit JF, Garrouste-Orgeas M, et al. The significance of distal bronchial samples with commensals in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 2002; 122:1389-1399
23. Combes A, Figliolini C, Trouillet JL, et al. Incidence and outcome of polymicrobial ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 2002; 121:1618-1623