Diversity of vegetation and soil seed bank in a chalk grassland of northwestern France;Diversité de la végétation et du réservoir de graines du sol dans une pelouse calcicole du nord-ouest de la France

Canadian Journal of Botany

Volumn 80, Issue 8, 2002, Pages 827-840

  Chabrerie, Olivier ^a   Alard, Didier ^a   Touzard, Blaise ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE ROUEN   (France)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Chalk grassland; Seed bank; Spatial pattern; Succession; Synchronic approach

Indexed keywords

SAMPLING; SEED; SOILS;

SPATIAL STRUCTURE;

VEGETATION;

CALCAREOUS GRASSLAND; PLANT COMMUNITY; SEED BANK; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SUCCESSION;

FRANCE;

BLACKSTONIA PERFOLIATA; HYPERICUM; HYPERICUM PERFORATUM;

EID: 18544380701     PISSN: 00084026     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/b02-068     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Arévalo, J.R., et Fernández-Palacios, J.M. 2000. Seed bank analysis of tree species in two stands of the Tenerife laurel forest (Canary Islands). For. Ecol. Manage. 130: 177-185.
2. Armesto, J.J., Pickett, S.T.A., et McDonnell, M.J. 1991. Spatial heterogeneity during succession: a cyclic model of invasion and exclusion. Dans Ecological heterogeneity. Éditeurs: J. Kolassa et S.T.A. Pickett. Springer-Verlag, New York. pp. 256-269.
3. Bakker, J.P., Poschlod, P., Strykstra, R.J., Bekker, R.M., et Thompson, K. 1996a. Seed banks and seed dispersal: important topics in restoration ecology. Acta Bot. Neerl. 45: 461-490.
4. Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosen, E., Verweij, G.L., et Bekker, R.M. 1996b. Soil seed bank composition along a gradient from dry alvar grassland to Juniperus shrubland. J. Veg. Sci. 7: 165-176.
5. Bekker, R.M., Bakker, J.P., Grandin, U., Kalamees, R., Milberg, P., Poschlod, P., Thompson, K., et Willems, J.H. 1998. Seed size, shape and vertical distribution in the soil: indicators of seed longevity. Funct. Ecol. 12: 834-842.
6. Bertiller, M.B. 1998. Spatial patterns of the germinable soil seed bank in northern Patagonia. Seed Sci. Res. 8: 39-45.
7. Cavers, P.B. 1995. Seed banks: memory in soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 75: 11-13.
8. Davies, A., et Waite, S. 1998. The persistence of calcareous grassland species in the soil seed bank under developing and established scrub. Plant Ecol. 136: 27-39.
9. Davies, A., Dunnett, N.P., et Kendle, T. 1999. The importance of transplant size and gap width in the botanical enrichment of species-poor grasslands in Britain. Restor. Ecol. 7: 271-280.
10. De Foucault, B., et Frileux, P.N. 1988. Étude phytosociologique des corniches et côtes calcaires de la basse vallée de la Seine (des Andelys à Rouen). Doc. Phytosociol. 11: 159-183.
11. Dhillion, S.S., McGinley, M.A., Friese, C.F., et Zak, J.C. 1994. Construction of sand shinnery oak communities of the Llano Estacado: animal disturbances, plant community structure, and restoration. Restor. Ecol. 2: 51-60.
12. Donelan, M., et Thompson, K. 1980. Distribution of buried viable seeds along a successional series. Biol. Conserv. 17: 297-311.
13. Dutoit, T., et Alard, D. 1995. Permanent seed banks in chalk grassland under various management regimes: their role in the restoration of species-rich plant communities. Biodivers. Conserv. 4: 939-950.
14. Dutoit, T., et Alard, D. 1996a. Les pelouses calcicoles du Nord-Ouest de l'Europe (Brometalia erecti Br. Bl., 1936): analyse bibliographique. Ecologie, 27: 1-32.
15. Dutoit, T., et Alard, D. 1996b. Biodiversité actuelle et potentielle des écosystèmes prairiaux calcicoles: influence de la gestion sur les phytocénoses et les banques de graines. Acta Bot. Gallica, 143: 431-440.
16. Dutoit, T., Roche, P., et Alard, D. 1999a. Influence de perturbations anthropiques sur la composition et la diversité botanique des pelouses calcicoles de la vallée de la Seine en Haute-Normandie (France). Can. J. Bot. 77: 377-388.
17. Dutoit, T., Hill, B., Mahieu, P., et Gerbaud, E. 1999b. Restauration et conservation de communautés d'espèces ségétales in situ: des coteaux de la basse vallée de la Seine aux cultures extensives du Parc Naturel Régional du Lubéron. Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, 19(no spéc.): 303-316.
18. Edwards, G.R., et Crawley, M.J. 1999. Herbivores, seed banks and seedling recruitment in mesic grassland. J. Ecol. 87: 423-435.
19. Egan, T.P., et Ungar, I.A. 2000. Similarity between seed banks and above-ground vegetation along a salinity gradient. J. Veg. Sci. 11: 189-194.
20. Eriksson, A., et Eriksson, O. 1997. Seedling recruitment in semi-natural pastures: the effects of disturbance, seed size, phenology and seed bank. Nord. J. Bot. 17: 469-482.
21. Erkkila, H.M.J.B. 1998. Seed banks of grazed and ungrazed Baltic seashore meadows. J. Veg. Sci. 9: 395-408.
22. Ferry, C., et Frochot, B. 1970. L'avifaune nidificatrice d'une forêt de Chêne pédonculés en Bourgogne: étude de deux successions écologiques. Terre Vie, 24: 153-250.
23. Ghassali, F., Osman, A.E., et Cocks, P.S. 1998. Rehabilitation of degraded grasslands in north Syria: The use of Awassi sheep to disperse the seeds of annual pasture legumes. Exp. Agric. 34: 391-405.
24. Gigon, A., et Leutert, A.G. 1996. The dynamic keyhole key model of coexistence to explain diversity of plants in limestone and other grasslands. J. Veg. Sci. 7: 29-40.
25. Graham, D.J., et Hutchings, M.J. 1988. Estimation of the seed bank of a chalk grassland ley established on former arable land. J. Appl. Ecol. 25: 241-252.
26. Grime, J.P. 1973. Competitive exclusion in herbaceous vegetation. Nature (London), 242: 344-347.
27. Grime, J.P. 1977. Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. Am. Nat. 111: 1169-1194.
28. Grubb, P.J. 1977. The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biol. Rev. 52: 107-145.
29. Gulmon, S.L. 1992. Patterns of seed germination in Californian serpentine grassland species. Oecologia, 89: 27-31.
30. Hanf, M. 1983. The arable weeds of Europe with their seedlings and seeds, BASF, R.U.
31. Henderson, C.B., Petersen, K.E., et Redak, R.A. 1988. Spatial and temporal patterns in the seed bank and vegetation of a desert grassland community. J. Ecol. 76: 717-728.
32. Hill, M.O. 1973. Reciprocal averaging: an eigenvector method of ordination. J. Ecol. 61: 237-249.
33. Hillier, S.H. 1990. Gaps, seed banks and plant species diversity in calcareous grasslands. Dans Calcareous grasslands - ecology and management. Proceedings of a BES/NCC symposium at University of Sheffield, 14-16 septembre 1987. Éditeurs: S.H. Hillier, D.W.A. Walton et D.A. Wells. Bluntisham books, Bluntisham. pp. 57-66.
34. Holzapfel, C., Schmidt, W., et Shmida, A. 1993. The role of seed bank and seed rain in the recolonization of disturbed sites along an aridity gradient. Phytocoenologia, 23: 561-580.
35. Hutchings, M.J., et Booth, K.D. 1996. Studies on the feasibility of re-creating chalk grassland vegetation on ex-arable land. 1. the potential roles of the seed bank and the seed rain. J. Appl. Ecol. 33: 1171-1181.
36. Hyatt, L.A., et Casper, B.B. 2000. Seed bank formation during early secondary succession in a temperate decidous forest. J. Ecol. 88: 516-527.
37. Inouye, R.S., Huntly, N.J., Tilman, D., Tester, J.R., Stillwell, M., et Zinnel, K.C. 1987. Old-field succession on a Minnesota sand-plain. Ecology, 68: 12-26.
38. Jaccard, P. 1912. The distribution of the flora of the alpine zone. New Phytol. 11: 37-50.
39. Jongman, R.H.G., ter Braak, C.F.J., et Tongeren, O.F.R. 1987. Dans Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
40. Kalamees, R., et Zobel, M. 1998. Soil seed bank composition in different successional stages of a species rich wooded meadow in Laelatu, western Estonia. Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. 19: 175-180.
41. Kolasa, J., et Pickett, S.T.A. 1991. Dans Ecological heterogeneity. Éditeurs: J. Kolasa et S.T.A. Pickett. Springer-Verlag, New York.
42. Kollmann, J., et Schill, H.-P. 1996. Spatial patterns of dispersal, seed predation and germination during colonization of abandoned grassland by Quercus petraea and Corylus avellana. Vegetatio, 125: 193-205.
43. Lambinon, J., De Langhe, J.-E., Delvosalle, L., et Duvigneaud, J. 1992. Nouvelle flore de Belgique, du Grand Duché du Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines. Édition du Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise.
44. Leishman, M.R., Masters, G.J., Clarke, I.P., et Brown, V.K. 2000. Seed bank dynamics: The role of fungal pathogens and climate change. Funct. Ecol. 14: 293-299.
45. MathSoft. 1999. S-PLUS 2000 Professional edition for Windows. Copyright Lucent Technologies, Inc., Kanata, Ont.
46. Menges, E.S. 2000. Applications of population viability analyses in plant conservation. Ecol. Bull. 48: 73-84.
47. Milberg, P. 1995. Soil seed bank after eighteen years of succession from grassland to forest. Oikos, 72: 3-13.
48. Muller, F.M. 1978. Seedlings of the north-western european lowland. Dans A flora of seedlings. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation of Wageningen, Dr W. Junk B.V. Publishers, The Hague.
49. Partel, M., Zobel, M., Zobel, K., et van der Maarel, E. 1996. The species pool and its relation to species richness: evidence from Estonian plant communities. Oikos, 75: 11-117.
50. Peco, B., Ortega, M., et Levassor, C. 1998. Similarity between seed bank and vegetation in Mediterranean grassland: a predictive model. J. Veg. Sci. 9: 1-14.
51. Pickett, S.T.A. 1978. Patch dynamics and the design of nature reserves. Biol. Conserv. 13: 27-37.
52. Pickett, S.T.A., et Cadenasso, M.L. 1995. Landscape ecology: spatial heterogeneity in ecological systems. Science (Washington, D.C.), 269: 331-335.
53. Pielou, E.C. 1966. The measures of diversity in different types of biological collections. J. Theor. Biol. 13: 131-144.
54. Reinhold, K. 2000. Maintenance of a genetic polymorphism by fluctuating selection on sex-limited traits. J. Evol. Biol. 13: 1009-1014.
55. Roberts, H.A. 1981. Seed banks in soils. Adv. Appl. Biol. 6: 1-55.
56. Roux, M. 1985. Algorythmes de classification. Masson, Paris.
57. Rusch, G. 1992. Spatial pattern of seedling recruitment at two different scales in a limestone grassland. Oikos, 65: 433-442.
58. Rusch, G., et van der Maarel, E. 1992. Species turnover and seedling recruitment in limestone grasslands. Oikos, 63: 139-146.
59. Schlapfer, F., et Fischer, M. 1998. An isozyme study of clone diversity and relative importance of sexual and vegetative recruitment in the grass Brachypodium pinnatum. Ecography, 21: 351-360.
60. Shannon, C.E., et Weaver, W. 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Ill.
61. Sokal, R.R., et Rohlf, F.J. 1981. Biometry. Freeman, W.H. et Co., San Francisco, Calif.
62. Stampfli, A., et Zeiter, M. 1999. Plant species decline due to abandonment of meadows cannot easily be reversed by mowing. A case study from the southern Alps. J. Veg. Sci. 10: 151-164.
63. Stevenson, M.J., Ward, L.K., et Pywell, R.F. 1997. Re-creating semi-natural communities: vacuum harvesting and hand collection of seed on calcareous grassland. Restor. Ecol. 5: 66-76.
64. Sutcliffe, O.L., et Kay, Q.O.N. 2000. Changes in the arable flora of central southern England since the 1960s. Biol. Conserv. 93: 1-8.
65. Templeton, A.R., et Levin, D.A. 1979. Evolutionary consequences of seed pools. Am. Nat. 114: 232-249.
66. Thioulouse, J., Chessel, D., Doledec, S., et Olivier, J.M. 1997. ADE-4: a multivariate analysis and graphical display software. Stat. Comput. 7: 75-83.
67. Thompson, K., et Grime, J.P. 1979. Seasonal variation in the seed banks of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats. J. Ecol. 67: 893-921.
68. Thompson, K., Hillier, S.H., Grime, J.P., Bossard, C.C., et Band, S.R. 1996. A functional analysis of a limestone grassland community. J. Veg. Sci. 7: 371-380.
69. United States Department of Agriculture. 1998. Keys to soil taxonomy. Soil survey staff, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.
70. Usher, M.B., et Jefferson, J.B. 1990. The concepts of colonisation and succession: their role in nature reserve management. Dans Calcareous grasslands - Ecology and management. Proceedings of a BES/NCC symposium at University of Sheffield, 14-16 septembre 1987. Éditeurs: S.H. Hillier, D.W.A. Walton et D.A. Wells. Bluntisham books, Bluntisham. pp. 149-153.
71. Van der Putten, W.H., Mortimer, S.R., Hedlund, K., Van Dijk, C., Browrn, V.K., Leps, J., Rodriguez-Barrueco, C., Roy, J., Diaz Len, T.A., Gormsen, D., Korthals, G.W., Lavorel, S., Santa Regina, I., et Smilauer, P. 2000. Plant species diversity as a driver of early succession in abandoned fields: A multi-site approach. Oecologia, 124: 91-99.
72. Ward, J.H. 1963. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. J. Am. Stat. 58: 238-244.
73. Whittaker, R.H. 1972. Evolution and measurement of species diversity. Taxon, 21: 213-251.
74. Willems, J.H. 1995. Soil seed bank, seedling recruitment and actual species composition in an old and isolated chalk grassland site. Folia Geobot. Phytotaxon. 30: 141-156.
75. Willems, J.H., et Bik, L.P.M. 1998. Restoration of high species density in calcareous grassland: the role of seed rain and soil seed bank. Appl. Veg. Sci. 1: 91-100.
76. Willson, M.F. 1992. The ecology of seed dispersal. Dans Seeds: The ecology of regeneration in plant communities. Éditeur: M. Fenner. CAB international, Southampton, R.U. pp. 61-85.
77. Wilson, S.D. 2000. Heterogeneity, diversity, and scale in plant communties. Dans Ecological consequences of habitat heterogeneity. Éditeurs: M.J. Hutchings, E.A. John et A.J. Stewart. Blackwell Science, Oxford. pp. 53-69.
78. Woldu, Z., et Saleem, M.A.M. 2000. Grazing induced biodiversity in the highland ecozone of East Africa. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 79: 43-52.