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Volumn 126, Issue 15, 2004, Pages 4865-4875

Fluoride-Promoted Cross-Coupling Reactions of Alkenylsilanols. Elucidation of the Mechanism through Spectroscopic and Kinetic Analysis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); HYDROGEN BONDS; PALLADIUM; REACTION KINETICS; SOLUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS;

EID: 1842862944     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja037234d     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (83)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0003397781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diederich, F., Stang, P. J., Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany
    • Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions; Diederich, F., Stang, P. J., Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 1998.
    • (1998) Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions
  • 12
    • 1842838316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diederich, F., Stang, P. J., Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinhein, Germany; Chapter 2
    • (d) Suzuki, A. In Metal-catalyzed Cross-coupling Reactions; Diederich, F., Stang, P. J., Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinhein, Germany, 1998; Chapter 2.
    • (1998) Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions
    • Suzuki, A.1
  • 22
    • 54149115435 scopus 로고
    • E′-type transmetalations that can be influenced by solvent, catalyst ligands, and temperature, See: (a) Hatanaka, Y. ; Hiyama, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7793.
    • (1990) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.112 , pp. 7793
    • Hatanaka, Y.1    Hiyama, T.2
  • 28
    • 0037112673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a review on advances in palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction to aryl chlorides, see: Littke, A. F.; Fu, G. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 4176.
    • (2002) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. , vol.41 , pp. 4176
    • Littke, A.F.1    Fu, G.C.2
  • 32
    • 1842871106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 29Si resonance position upon addition of TBAF; see Figure 4.
  • 33
    • 1842860069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • It should be pointed out that the ratios of disiloxane and "unknowns" in Figure 5 represent equilibrium values obtained by independent NMR analysis. Under normal conditions, the rate of reaction is competitive with the rate of establishing these equilibria, so that the actual ratios may not reflect the ratios during a cross-coupling reaction.
  • 34
    • 0042880174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rappoport, Z., Apeloig, Y., Eds.; John Wiley: Chichester, U.K.; Chapter 6
    • The typical chemical shift range for tetracoordinate silicon is δ +30 to -30 ppm, and for pentacoordinate silicon it is δ -75 to -130 ppm. Takeuchi, Y.; Takayama, T. In The Chemistry of Organic Silicon Compounds; Rappoport, Z., Apeloig, Y., Eds.; John Wiley: Chichester, U.K., 1998; Chapter 6, Vol. 2, Part 1.
    • (1998) The Chemistry of Organic Silicon Compounds , vol.2 , Issue.PART 1
    • Takeuchi, Y.1    Takayama, T.2
  • 40
    • 1842849091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • - at -80 °C, ref 22.
  • 41
    • 1842860077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Further attempts to provide spectroscopic support for (E)-14 as the structure of X involved heteronuclear NOE experiments between the hydrogen resonance at 5.05 ppm and the fluorine resonances for TBAF (ca. 117 ppm) and X (ca. 150 ppm). Although weak NOE signals could be detected, the interpretation was ambiguous due to the water of hydration from the TBAF sample.
  • 42
    • 1842871098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Clearly, the reaction order is not affected by the steric demand of the pendant alkyl groups on the silanol. Quantitative studies also have shown that, under fluoride activation, (E)-1 and (E)-2 have nearly identical coupling rates. Denmark, S. E.; Neuville, L.; Christy, M. E. L. Unpublished results from these laboratories.
  • 43
    • 1842860078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2 = 0.96701).
  • 44
    • 1842838320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The first-order rate constant was obtained by fitting to the slope of a plot of log[conversion] against time.
  • 45
    • 1842871103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • -1, ΔH = 14.87 kcal/mol, ΔS = -5.14 eu, and ΔG = 16.38 kcal/mol.
  • 46
    • 1842838318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diederich, F., Stang, P. J., Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany; Chapter 10
    • Hiyama, T. In Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions; Diederich, F., Stang, P. J., Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 1998; Chapter 10.
    • (1998) Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions
    • Hiyama, T.1
  • 55
    • 1842860080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • It is important to note that a rate equation reveals information regarding the mechanistic pathway from the lowest energy species to the highest transition state. Hence, the inverse order dependence of TBAF lends further support to the existence of (E)-14.
  • 56
    • 1842838322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • It should be clear that, if the disiloxane were the resting state throughout, that eventually a saturation regime in the TBAF dependence would be reached and zeroth-order behavior would be displayed.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.