Timing of Fear Expression in Trace and Delay Conditioning Measured by Fear-Potentiated Startle in Rats

Learning and Memory

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 205-212

  Burman, Michael A ^a   Gewirtz, Jonathan C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONDITIONED REFLEX; CONDITIONING; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEAR; HIPPOCAMPUS; MALE; MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; RAT STRAIN; STARTLE REFLEX; STIMULUS RESPONSE; TIME;

ACOUSTIC STIMULATION; ANIMALS; ASSOCIATION LEARNING; CONDITIONING, OPERANT; CUES; FEAR; HIPPOCAMPUS; MALE; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; STARTLE REACTION; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 1842422472     PISSN: 10720502     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/lm.66004     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Beylin, A.V., Gandhi, C.C., Wood, G.E., Talk, A.C., Matzel, L.D., and Shors, T.J. 2001. The role of the hippocampus in trace conditioning: Temporal discontinuity or task difficulty? Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 76: 447-461.
2. Blazis, D.E. and Moore, J.W. 1991. Conditioned stimulus duration in classical trace conditioning: Test of a real-time neural network model. Behav. Brain Res. 43: 73-78.
3. Buhusi, C.V. and Meck, W.H. 2000. Timing for the absence of a stimulus: The gap paradigm reversed. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process 26: 305-322.
4. Cole, R.P., Barnet, R.C., and Miller, R.R. 1995. Effect of relative stimulus validity: Learning or performance deficit? J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process 21: 293-303.
5. Davis, M., Schlesinger, L.S., and Sorenson, C.A. 1989. Temporal specificity of fear conditioning: Effects of different conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus intervals on the fear-potentiated startle effect. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process 15: 295-310.
6. Ellison, G.D. 1964. Differential salivary conditioning to traces. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 57: 373-380.
7. Falls, W.A. and Davis, M. 1997. Inhibition of fear-potentiated startle can be detected after the offset of a feature trained in a serial feature-negative discrimination. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process 23: 3-14.
8. Falls, W.A., Miserendino, M.J., and Davis, M. 1992. Extinction of fear-potentiated startle: Blockade by infusion of an NMDA antagonist into the amygdala. J. Neurosci. 12: 854-863.
9. Fortin, N.J., Agster, K.L., and Eichenbaum, H.B. 2002. Critical role of the hippocampus in memory for sequences of events. Nat. Neurosci. 5: 458-462.
10. Foster, D.J., Morris, R.G., and Dayan, P. 2000. A model of hippocampally dependent navigation, using the temporal difference learning rule. Hippocampus 10: 1-16.
11. Haselgrove, M. and Pearce, J.M. 2003. Facilitation of extinction by an increase or a decrease in trial duration. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process 29: 153-166.
12. Kamin, L.J. 1965. Temporal and intensity characteristics of the conditioned stimulus. In Classical conditioning: A symposium (ed. W.F. Prosaky), pp 118-147. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.
13. Kehoe, E.J. and Napier, R.M. 1991. In the blink of an eye: Real-time stimulus factors in delay and trace conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. B 43: 257-277.
14. Kim, J.J., Clark, R.E., and Thompson, R.F. 1995. Hippocampectomy impairs the memory of recently, but not remotely, acquired trace eyeblink conditioned responses. Behav. Neurosci. 109: 195-203.
15. Kim, M. and Davis, M. 1993. Electrolytic lesions of the amygdala block acquisition and expression of fear-potentiated startle even with extensive training but do not prevent reacquisition. Behav. Neurosci. 107: 580-595.
16. Lee, I. and Kesner, R.P. 2003. Time-dependent relationship between the dorsal hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex in spatial memory. J. Neurosci. 23: 1517-1523.
17. Maren, S., Aharonov, G., and Fanselow, M.S. 1997. Neurotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus and Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 88: 261-274.
18. Marlin, N. 1981. Contextual associations in trace conditioning. Anim. Learn. Behav. 9: 519-523.
19. Mathews, E., Shi, C.-J., and Davis, M. 2001. Muscimol administration into dorsal hippocampus blocks the acquisition of trace and contextual fear conditioning measured with freezing and fear-potentiated startle. Soc. Neurosci. Abstracts, 27: Program 531.15. 1403.
20. McEchron, M.D., Bouwmeester, H., Tseng, W., Weiss, C., and Disterhoft, J.F. 1998. Hippocampectomy disrupts auditory trace fear conditioning and contextual fear conditioning in the rat. Hippocampus 8: 638-646.
21. McEchron, M.D., Tseng, W., and Disterhoft, J.F. 2000. Neurotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus disrupt auditory-cued trace heart rate (fear) conditioning in rabbits. Hippocampus 10: 739-751.
22. -. 2003. Single neurons in CA1 hippocampus encode trace interval duration during trace heart rate (fear) conditioning in rabbit. J. Neurosci. 23: 1535-1547.
23. McNish, K.A., Gewirtz, J.C., and Davis, M. 1997. Evidence of contextual fear after lesions of the hippocampus: A disruption of freezing but not fear-potentiated startle. J. Neurosci. 17: 9353-9360.
24. Moyer Jr., J.R., Deyo, R.A., and Disterhoft, J.F. 1990. Hippocampectomy disrupts trace eye-blink conditioning in rabbits. Behav. Neurosci. 104: 243-252.
25. Ost, J.W.P. and Lauer, D.W. 1965. Some investigations of classical salivary conditioning in the dog. In Classical conditioning: A symposium (ed. W.F. Prosaky), pp 192-207. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.
26. Phillips, R.G. and LeDoux, J.E. 1994. Lesions of the dorsal hippocampal formation interfere with background but not foreground contextual fear conditioning. Learn. Mem. 1: 34-44.
27. Port, R.L., Romano, A.G., Steinmetz, J.E., Mikhail, A.A., and Patterson, M.M. 1986. Retention and acquisition of classical trace conditioned responses by rabbits with hippocampal lesions. Behav. Neurosci. 100: 745-752.
28. Quinn, J.J., Oommen, S.S., Morrison, G.E., and Fanselow, M.S. 2002. Post-training excitotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus attenuate forward trace, backward trace, and delay fear conditioning in a temporally specific manner. Hippocampus 12: 495-504.
29. Rawlins, J.N. and Tanner, J. 1998. The effects of hippocampal aspiration lesions on conditioning to the CS and to a background stimulus in trace conditioned suppression. Behav. Brain Res. 91: 61-72.
30. Schneiderman, N. and Gormazano, I. 1964. Conditioning of the nictitating membrane of the rabbit as a function of the CS-US interval. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 57: 188-195.
31. Shi, C.-J., Mathews, E., and Davis, M. 2000. Muscimol administration into dorsal hippocampus blocks the expression of trace fear conditioning, but not context fear, measured with fear-potentiated startle. Soc. Neurosci. Abstracts, 26: Program 171.11.
32. Shors, T.J., Miesegaes, G., Beylin, A., Zhao, M., Rydel, T., and Gould, E. 2001. Neurogenesis in the adult is involved in the formation of trace memories. Nature 410: 372-376.
33. Smith, M.C. 1968. CS-US interval and US intensity in classical conditioning of the rabbits nictitating membrane response. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 66: 679-687.
34. Smith, M.C., Coleman, S.R., and Gormazano, I. 1969. Classical Conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response at backward, simultaneous, and forward CS-US intervals. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 69: 226-231.
35. Solomon, P.R., Vander Schaaf, E.R., Thompson, R.F., and Weisz, D.J. 1986. Hippocampus and trace conditioning of the rabbit's classically conditioned nictitating membrane response. Behav. Neurosci. 100: 729-744.
36. Wallenstein, G.V., Eichenbaum, H., and Hasselmo, M.E. 1998. The hippocampus as an associator of discontiguous events. Trends Neurosci. 21: 317-323.
37. Weitemier, A.Z. and Ryabinin, A.E. 2003. Alcohol-induced memory impairment in trace fear conditioning: A hippocampus-specific effect. Hippocampus 13: 305-315.