Mammalian Raf-1 is activated by mutations that restore Raf signaling in Drosophila

EMBO Journal

Volumn 16, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 1953-1960

  Cutler Jr , Richard E ^a   Morrison, Deborah K ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Activation; Mutation; Raf 1; Ras; Signaling

Indexed keywords

CYSTEINE; PROTEIN KINASE; RAF PROTEIN; RAS PROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DROSOPHILA; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE MUTATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTO ONCOGENE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SUPPRESSOR GENE;

14-3-3 PROTEINS; ANIMALS; ASPARTIC ACID; BINDING SITES; CELL LINE; DROSOPHILA; ENZYME ACTIVATION; GLYCINE; HUMANS; KIDNEY; MEIOSIS; ONCOGENE PROTEIN P21(RAS); OOCYTES; PHOSPHOSERINE; PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES; PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-RAF; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SUPPRESSION, GENETIC; TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE; XENOPUS;

ANIMALIA; MAMMALIA;

EID: 1842413624     PISSN: 02614189     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.8.1953     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. raf-1. EMBO J., 13, 1610-1619.
2. Birchmeir, C., Broek, D. and Wigler, M. (1985) Ras proteins can induce meiosis in Xenopus oocytes. Cell, 43, 615-621.
3. Block, C., Janknecht, R., Herrmann, C., Nassar, N. and Wittinghoger, A. (1996) Quantitative structure-activity analysis correlating Ras/Raf interaction in vitro to Raf activation in vivo. Nature Struct. Biol., 3, 244-251.
4. Boyle, W.J., van der Geer, P. and Hunter, T. (1991) Peptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis by two-dimensional separation on thin-layer cellulose. Methods Enzymol., 201, 110-152.
5. Brtva, T.R., Drugan, J.K., Ghosh, S., Terrell, R.S., Campbell-Burk, S., Bell, R.M. and Der, C.J. (1995) Two distinct rat domains mediate interaction with Ras. J Biol. Chem., 270, 9809-9812.
6. Chow, Y., Pumiglia, K., Jun, T.H., Dent, P., Sturgill, T.W. and Jove, R. (1995) Functional mapping of the N-terminal regulatory domain in the human Raf-1 protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 14100-14106.
7. Dent, P., Chow, Y.H., Wu, J., Morrison, D.K., Jove, R. and Sturgill, T.W. (1994) Expression, purification and characterization of recombinant mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases. Biochem. J., 303, 105-112.
8. Dickson, B., Sprenger, F., Morrison, D.K. and Hafen, E. (1992) Raf functions downstream of Ras1 in the sevenless signal transduction pathway. Nature, 360, 600-603.
9. Drugan, J.K., Khosravi-Far, R., White, M.A., Der, C.J., Sung, Y., Hwang, Y. and Campbell, S. (1996) Ras interaction with two distint binding domains in Raf-1 may be required for Ras transformation. J. Biol. Chem., 271, 233-237.
10. Fabian, J.R., Morrison, D.K. and Daar, I.O. (1993a) Requirement for Raf and MAP kinase function during the meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes. J. Cell Biol., 122, 645-652.
11. Fabian, J.R., Daar, I.O. and Morrison, D.K. (1993b) Critical tyrosine residues regulate the enzymatic and biological activity of Raf-1 kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 7170-7179.
12. Fabian, J.R., Vojtek, A.B., Cooper, J.A. and Morrison, D.K. (1994) A single amino acid change in Raf-1 inhibits Ras binding and alters Raf-1 function. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 5982-5986.
13. Fantl, W.J., Muslin, A.J., Kikuchi, A., Martin, J.A., MacNichol, A.M., Gross, R.W. and Williams, L.T. (1994) Activation of Raf-1 by 14-3-3 proteins. Nature. 371, 612-614.
14. Finney, R.E., Robbins, S.M. and Bishop, J.M. (1993) Association of Ras and Raf-1 in a complex correlation with activation of a signal transduction pathway. Curr. Biol., 3, 805-812.
15. Freed, E., Symons, M., Macdonald, S.G., McCormick, F. and Ruggieri, R. (1994) Binding of 14-3-3 proteins to the protein kinase Raf and effects on its activation. Science, 265, 1713-1716.
16. Ghosh, S., Xie, W.Q., Quest, A.F.G., Mabrouk, G.M., Strum, J.C. and Bell, R.M. (1994) The cysteine-rich region of Raf-1 kinase contains zinc, translocates to liposomes, and is adjacent to a segment that binds GTP-Ras. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 10000-10007.
17. Hallberg, B., Rayter, S.I. and Downward, J. (1994) Interaction of Ras and Raf in intact mammalian cells upon extracellular stimulation. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 3913-3916.
18. Han, M., Golden, A., Han, Y. and Sternberg, P.W. (1993) C. elegans lin-45 raf gene participates in let-60 ras-stimulated vulval differentiation. Nature, 360, 137-140.
19. Hanks, S.K. and Quinn, A.M. (1991) Protein kinase catalytic domain sequence database: identification of conserved features of primary structure and classification of family members. Methods Enzymol., 200, 38-81.
20. Hou, X.S., Chou, T., Melnick, M.B. and Perrimon, N. (1995) The torso receptor tyrosine kinase can activate Raf in a Ras-independent pathway. Cell, 81, 63-71.
21. Hu, C., Kariya, K., Tamada, M., Akasaka, K., Shirouzu, M., Yokoyama, S. and Kataoka, T. (1995) Cysteine-rich region of Raf-1 interacts with activator domain of post-translationally modified Ha-Ras. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 30274-30277.
22. Huang, W. and Erikson, R.L. (1994) Constitutive activation ot Mek1 by mutation of serine phosphorylation sites. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 91, 8960-8963.
23. Irie, K., Gotoh, Y., Yashar, B.M., Errede, B., Nishida, E. and Matsumoto, K. (1994) Stimulatory effects of yeast and mammalian 14-3-3 proteins on the Raf protein kinase. Science, 265, 1716-1719.
24. Knighton, D.R., Zheng, J., TenEyck, L.F., Ashtord, V.A., Xuong, N., Taylor, S.S. and Sowadski, J.M. (1991a) Crystal structure ot the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Science, 253, 407-414.
25. Knighton, D.R., Zheng, J., TenEyck, L.F., Xuong, N., Taylor, S.S. and Sowadski, J.M. (1991b) Structure of a peptide inhibitor bound to the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Science, 253, 414-420.
26. Krieg, P.A. and Melton, D.A. (1984) Functional messenger RNAs are produced by SP6 in vitro transcription of cloned cDNAs. Nucleic Acids Res., 12, 7057-7070.
27. Leevers, S.J., Paterson, H.F. and Marshall, C.J. (1994) Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targeting Raf to the plasma membrane. Nature, 369, 411-414.
28. Lu, X., Melnick, M.B., Hsu, J.-C. and Perrimon, N. (1994) Genetic and molecular analyses of mutations involved in Drosophila raf signal transduction. EMBO J., 13, 2592-2599.
29. Mansour, S.J., Matten, W.T., Hermann, A.S., Candia, J.M., Rong, S., Fukasawa, K., Vande Woude, G.F. and Ahn, N.G. (1994) Transformation of mammalian cells by constitutively active MAP kinase kinase. Science, 265, 966-970.
30. Mansour, S.J., Candia, J.M., Gloor, K.K. and Ahn, N.G. (1996) Constitutively active mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAPKK1) and MAPKK2 mediate similar transcriptional and morphological responses. Cell Growth Differ., 7, 243-250.
31. Marshall, C.J. (1994a) MAP kinase kinase kinase, MAP kinase kinase and MAP kinase. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 4, 82-89.
32. Marshall, C.J. (1994b) Hot lips and phosphorylation of protein kinases. Nature, 367, 686.
33. Melnick, M.B., Perkins, L.A., Lee, M., Ambrosio, L. and Perrimon, N. (1993) Developmental and molecular characterization of mutations in the Drosophila-raf serine-threonine protein kinase. Development, 118, 127-138.
34. Michaud, N.R., Fabian, J.R., Mathes, K.D. and Morrison, D.K. (1995) 14-3-3 is not essential for Raf-1 function: identification of Raf-1 proteins that are biologically activated in a 14-3-3- and Ras-independent manner. Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 3390-3397.
35. Moodie, S.A. and Wolfman, A. (1994) The 3Rs of life: Ras, Raf and growth regulation. Trends Genet., 10, 44-48.
36. Moodie, S.A., Willumsen, B.M., Weber, M.J. and Woltman, A. (1993) Complexes of Ras-GTP with Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Science, 260, 1658-1661.
37. Morrison, D.K. (1995) Regulation of Raf-1 activity in signal transduction pathways. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 42, 507-514.
38. Morrison, D.K., Heidecker, G., Rapp, U.R. and Copeland, T.D. (1993) Identification of the major phosphorylation sites of the Raf-1 kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 268, 17309-17316.
39. Mott, H.R., Carpenter, J.W., Zhong, S., Ghosh, S., Bell, R.M. and Campbell, S.L. (1996) The solution structure ot the Raf-1 cysteine-rich domain: A novel Ras and phospholipid binding site. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 8312-8317.
40. Nassar, N., Horn, G., Herrmann, C., Scherer, A., McCormick, F. and Wittinghofer, A. (1995) The 2.2 Å crystal structure of the Ras-binding domain of the serine/threonine kinase c-Raf1 in complex with Rap1A and a GTP analogue. Nature, 375, 554-560.
41. Pearson, R.B. and Kemp, B.E. (1991) Protein kinase phosphorylation site sequences and consensus specificity motifs: Tabulations. Methods Enzymol., 200, 62-81.
42. Scheffler, J.E. Waugh, D.S., Bekesi, E., Kiefer, S.E., LoSardo, J.E., Neri, A., Prinzo, K.M., Tsao, K., Wegrzynski, B., Emerson, S.D. and Fry, D.C. (1994) Characterization of a 78-residue fragment of c-Raf-1 that comprises a minimal binding domain for the interaction with Ras-GTP. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 22340-22346.
43. Stokoe, D., Macdonald, S.G., Cadwallader, K., Symons, M. and Hancock, J.F. (1994) Activation of Raf as a result of recruitment to the plasma membrane. Science, 264, 1463-1467.
44. Szeberenyi, J., Cai, H. and Cooper, G.M. (1990) Effect of a dominant inhibitory Ha-Ras mutation on neuronal differentiation ot PC12 cells. Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 5324-5332.
45. Therrien, M., Michaud, N.R., Rubin, G.M. and Morrison, D.K. (1996) KSR modulates signal propagation within the MAPK cascade. Genes Dev., 10, 2684-2695.
46. Troppmair, J., Bruder, J.T., App, H., Cai, H., Liptak, L., Szeberenyi, J., Cooper, G.M. and Rapp, U.R. (1992) Ras controls coupling of growth factor receptors and protein kinase C in the membrane to Raf-1 and B-Raf protein serine kinases in the cytosol. Oncogene, 7, 1867-1873.
47. Van Aelst, L., Barr, M., Marcus, S., Polverino, A. and Wigler, M. (1993) Complex formation between Ras and Raf and other protein kinases. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 6213-6217.
48. Vojitek, A.B., Hollenberg, S.M. and Cooper, J.A. (1993) Mammalian Ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Raf. Cell, 74, 205-214.
49. Wigler, M., Pellicer, A., Silverstein, S. and Axel, R. (1978) Biochemical transfer of single-copy eucaryotic genes using total cellular DNA as donor. Cell, 14, 723-731.
50. Wood, K.W., Sarnecki, C. Roberts, T.M. and Blenis, J. (1992) Ras mediates nerve growth factor receptor modulation of three signal-transducing protein kinases: MAP kmase, Raf-1, and RSK. Cell, 68, 1041-1050.
51. Zhang, F., Strand, A., Robbins, D., Cobb, M.H. and Goldsmith, E.J. (1994) Atomic structure of the MAP kinase ERK2 at 2.3 Å resolution. Nature, 367, 704-711.
52. ras proteins bind to the amino-terminal regulatory domain of c-Raf-1. Nature, 364, 308-313.