Block copolymer lithography: Periodic arrays of ~1011 holes in 1 square centimeter

Science

Volumn 276, Issue 5317, 1997, Pages 1401-1404

  Park, Miri ^a   Harrison, Christopher ^a   Chaikin, Paul M ^a   Register, Richard A ^b   Adamson, Douglas H ^a  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Princeton University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARRAYS; BLOCK COPOLYMERS; CRYSTAL MICROSTRUCTURE; FABRICATION; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; SILICON NITRIDE; SILICON WAFERS; THIN FILMS;

PERIODIC ARRAYS; STANDARD SEMICONDUCTOR LITHOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES;

LITHOGRAPHY;

CARBON; COPOLYMER; DNA; ISOPRENE; OSMIUM; POLYSTYRENE; SILICON;

ARTICLE; COVALENT BOND; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MORPHOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TECHNIQUE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

EID: 1842289819     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5317.1401     Document Type: Article

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26. DC. 18. We obtained the TEM micrographs by spin-coating the copolymer films on thin (∼75 nm) silicon nitride windows (50 μm by 50 μm) (Fig. 2). In this way, one can easily image the microdomain morphologies with the substrate intact before RIE and later directly view the patterned silicon nitride after RIE. The high-resolution TEM assists in characterizing and tuning the processing steps. Silicon nitride windows have been previously used in TEM micrography [see (8)]. Having a resolution and contrast of the image but not. significantly at the 10-nm length scale.
27. The spherical microdomain monolayer shown in Fig. 2A is produced from SB 36/11, which exhibits a cylindrical morphology in bulk. A change from a cylindrical to a spherical morphology in thin films with a few nanometers of variation in film thickness has been observed and discussed previously (14). 20. The depth (or height) of the patterned structures is estimated from the etching times and rates (Figs. 2 and 3). In the case of the patterned silicon nitride layer on a silicon substrate in Fig. 3, the estimated number was confirmed by SEM on the cross section of a cracked sample.
28. 2 is used.
29. We observed that the discreteness of the microdomain monolayer thickness was less apparent for SI 68/12 when compared with SB 36/11. Even at thicknesses below 70 nm, we observed spherical PI microdomains over the entire sample area but with a poorer order.
30. C. Harrison et al., in preparation.
31. We have produced a uniform microdomain monolayer template by spin-coating over an entire 76-mm wafer. With a larger ozonator system, the entire wafer would be patterned with the ordered nanostructure arrays.
32. We thank P. Mansky for helpful discussions. This project was supported by NSF through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials under grant DMR 9400362. Parts of the processing were earned out at the Advanced Technology Center for Photonics and Optoelectronic Materials at Princeton University and at the Cornell Nanofabrication Center. The silicon nitride windows were fabricated at the Cornell Nanofabrication Center.