Grounds for peace; territoriality and conflict resolution

Geopolitics

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 147-166

  Ben Porat, Guy ^a  

^a BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT; PEACE PROCESS;

ASIA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; EUROPE; ISRAEL; MIDDLE EAST; NORTHERN IRELAND; PALESTINE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE; WORLD;

EID: 17144371438     PISSN: 14650045     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14650040590907703     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. J. Agnew, 'Beyond Reason, Spatial and Temporal Sources of Ethnic Conflicts', in L. Kriesberg, T. Northrup and J. Thorson, (eds), Intractable Conflicts and their Transformation (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press 1989) pp.41-52.
2. J. Ruggie, 'Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations', International Organization, 47/1 (Winter 1993) pp.139-175.
3. D. Jacobson, 'New Frontiers: Territory, Social Spaces and the State', Sociological Forum, 12/1 (1997) pp.121-134.
4. J. Anderson, 'Rethinking National Problems in a Transnational Context', in D. Miller (ed.), Rethinking Northern Ireland (London and New York: Longman 1998) pp.125-145.
5. A comparison between Israel and Northern Ireland is a necessarily fraught exercise given that the territorial dimensions of the two situations are somewhat different. Yet, the similarities in the transitions towards peace and, more important, the different trajectories and outcomes of the two peace processes can provide important theoretical and 'practical' insights.
6. J. Anderson and J. Goodman James (eds) Dis/Agreeing Ireland (London: Pluto Press 1998).
7. P.J. Taylor, 'The State as Container: Territoriality in the Modern World-System', Progress in Human Geography, 18/2 (1994) pp.151-62.
8. J. Penrose, 'Nations, States and Homelands: Territory and Territoriality in Nationalist Thought', Nations and Nationalism, 8/3 (2002) pp.277-97;
9. see also A. Paasi, Territoriality, Boundaries and Consciousness (New York: Wiley 1996).
10. J. Penrose (note 8);
11. R. Sack, Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1986).
12. P.K. Huth, Standing Your Ground: Territorial Disputes and International Conflict (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press 1996).
13. Taylor, 'The State' (note 7).
14. E.F. Azar, 'Protracted International Conflict: Ten Propositions', in H. Starr (ed.), The Understanding and Management of Global Violence (New York: St Martins Press 1999) pp.23-35.
15. R.L. Rothstein, 'In Fear of Peace: Getting Past Maybe', in idem. (ed.), After the Peace (Boulder and London: Routledge 1999) pp.6-7.
16. H. Starr, 'Introduction', in Starr (note 12).
17. The term was coined by the former UN Secretary-General Boutros-Ghali, quoted in F.O. Hampson, Nurturing Peace: Why Peace Settlements Succeed or Fail (Washington DC: USIP 1996) p.4.
18. A. Jamal, 'The Palestinians in the Israeli Peace Discourse: A Conditional Partnership', Journal of Palestine Studies, 30/1 (Autumn 2000) pp.36-51.
19. Hampson (note 15).
20. R. Kumar, 'The Troubled History of Partition', Foreign Affairs, 76/1 (January-February 1997) pp.22-35.
21. In Ireland, partition was implemented in 1921 while in Palestine it took a UN decision to implement partition.
22. J. Mearshimer and S. Van Evara, 'When Peace Means War', The New Republic, 18 December 1995.
23. N. Sambanis, 'Partition as a Solution to Ethnic War', World Politics 52 (July 2000) pp.437-83.
24. See, for example, A. Lijpahert's 'Consociational Democracy', World Politics, 21 (1969) pp.107-125.
25. S.I. Spears, 'Africa: The Limits of Power-Sharing', Journal of Democracy, 13/3 (July 2002) pp.123-6.
26. J. Anderson and J. Goodman, 'Nationalism and Transnationalism: Failures and Emancipation', in J. Goodman and J. Anderson (eds), Dis/Agreeing Ireland (London: Pluto Press 1998) pp.21-2.
27. Ruggie (note 2).
28. K. Ohmae The End of the Nation State (New York: The Free Press 1995) pp.7-8.
29. This may be the reason why the wish at least to slow down globalisation comes also from the boosters of this process, now distressed over the instability it generates.
30. P. Evans, 'Eclipse of the State?', World Politics, 50/1 (October 1997) pp.62-88.
31. D. Cortright, 'Incentive Strategies for Preventing Conflicts', in idem (ed.), The Price of Peace (New York: Rowman and Littlefield 1997) pp.267-302.
32. Ibid., pp.93-4.
33. Regional Development Across the North, SDLP discussion paper, June 2000.
34. J. Hume, 'A New Ireland in a New Europe', in D. Keogh and M. Haltzel (eds), Northern Ireland and the Politics of Reconciliation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1993) p.231.
35. A. Reynolds, 'A Constitutional Pied Piper: The Northern Irish Good Friday Agreement', Political Science Quarterly, 114/4 (1999) pp.613-37.
36. R. Taylor, 'Consociation or Social Transformation?', in J. McGarry (ed.), Northern Ireland and the Divided World (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2001) pp.36-52.
37. J. McGarry, 'Civic Nationalism and the Agreement', in idem (ed.), Northern Ireland and the Divided World (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2001) pp.109-136.
38. D. Horowitz, 'Explaining the Northern Ireland Agreement: the Sources of an Unlikely Constitutional Consensus', British Journal of Political Science, 32 (2002) pp.193-220.
39. J. Ruane and J. Todd, 'The Belfast Agreement: Context, Content, Consequences', in J. Ruane and J. Todd (eds), After the Good Friday Agreement (Dublin: UCD Press 2000) pp.1-29.
40. S. Farren, "The SDLP and the Roots of the Good Friday Agreement" in M. Cox, A. Guelke and F. Stephen (eds.) A Farewell to Arms? (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000) pp.49-61.
41. Ruane and Todd (note 37).
42. McGarry (note 35).
43. J. Stevenson, 'Irreversible Peace in Northern Ireland?', Survival, 42/3 (2000) pp.5-26.
44. I b i d.
45. Taylor, Consociation (note 34).
46. Resolution 242 adopted on 22 November 1967 called for peace based on the withdrawal of Israel from territories occupied in the war and Arab state's recognition of Israel. Resolution 338 adopted on 21 October 1973 called for a cease fire in the 1973 war and the implementation of Resolution 242.
47. Y. Hirschfeld, Oslo: A Formula for Peace (Tel-Aviv: Yedioth 2000) (in Hebrew).
48. V. Savir, "The Process" (Tel Aviv: Yedioth 1998) (in Hebrew)
49. Hirschfeld (note 45).
50. The first agreement signed in Cairo in May 1994 transferred Jericho and large parts of Gaza to the Palestinians and facilitated the return of Arafat from Tunisia and the initial establishment of the Palestinian Authority. The second major agreement signed in September 1995 transferred more cities to the Palestinian Authority and divided the West Bank into areas A, B and C.
51. In Hebron, the existence of a small Israeli settlement inside the city led to an agreement signed on January 1997 divided the city into H1 areas under Palestinian control and H2 areas under Israeli control in order to maintain and protect the small Israeli settlement inside the city.
52. Hirschfeld (note 45).
53. R. Khalidi, 'A Palestinian View of the Accord with Israel', Current History, 93/580 (1994) pp.62-6.
54. Based on an interview with Benny Morris, 'Camp David and After', New York Review of Books 49/10 (13 June 2002).
55. A. Hanieh, 'The Camp David Papers', Journal of Palestine Studies, 30/2 (2001) pp.75-97.
56. R. Pundak, "From Oslo to Taba: What next wrong", Survival, 41/3 (Autumn 2002) pp. 31-50. Morris (note 52).
57. Lecture given at the Herzliya Conference 2002, available at .
58. See the Steinmetz Center surveys (e.g. May 2002) available at