Coronary heart disease

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 104, Issue 4 SUPPL., 2004, Pages

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ESTROGEN THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW;

CORONARY ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS;

EID: 16544392868     PISSN: 00297844     EISSN: 1873233X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000138802.06080.43     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. American Heart Association. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2004 update. Dallas (TX): American Heart Association; 2003. (Level III)
2. Chandra NC, Ziegelstein RC, Rogers W.J., Tiefenbrunn AJ, Gore JM, French WJ, et al Observations of the treatment of women in the United States with myocardial infarction: a report from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction-I. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 981-8. (Level II-3) (Pubitemid 28213575)
3. Manson JE, Spelsberg A. Risk modification in the diabetic patient. In: Manson JE, Ridker PM, Gaziano JM, Hennekens CH, editors. Prevention of myocardial infarction. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 1996. p. 241-73. (Level III)
4. Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Campbell S.M., Johnson CL Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991. JAMA 1994; 272: 205-11. (Level II-3) (Pubitemid 24209082)
5. Powell-Griner E., Anderson JE, Murphy W. State and sex-specific prevalence of selected characteristics: behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1994 and 1995. MMWR CDC SurveillSumm 1997; 46(SS-3):1-31. (Level II-3)
6. Kannel WB, Hjortland MC, McNamara P.M., Gordon T. Menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med 1976; 85: 447-2. (Level II-2)
7. Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Colditz G.A., Rosner B., Speizer FE, Hennekens CH A prospective study of postmenopausal estrogen therapy and coronary heart disease. NEnglJMed 1985; 313: 1044-9. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 16243331)
8. Wilson PW, Garrison RJ, Castelli WP Postmenopausal estrogen use, cigarette smoking, and cardiovascular morbidity in women over 50: The Framingham Study. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 1038-43. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 16243330)
9. Bush TL, Barrett-Connor E, Cowan L.D., Criqui MH, Wallace RB, Suchindran CM, et al Cardiovascular mortality in noncontraceptive use of estrogen in women: results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study. Circulation 1987; 75: 1102-9. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 17081015)
10. Petitti DB, Perlman JA, Sidney S. Noncontraceptive estrogens and mortality: long-term follow-up of women in the Walnut Creek Study. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 70: 289-93. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 17151642)
11. Criqui MH, Suarez L, Barrett-Connor E, McPhillips J., Wingard DL, Garland C. Postmenopausal estrogen use and mortality: results from a prospective study in a defined, homogeneous community. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 128: 606-14. (Level II-2)
12. Henderson BE, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK Estrogen replacement therapy and protection from acute myocardial infarction [published erratum appears in AmJ Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159: 1574]. AmJ Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159: 312-7. (Level II-2)
13. Avila MH, Walker AM, Jick H. Use of replacement estrogens and the risk of myocardial infarction. Epidemiology 1990; 1: 128-33. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 20320467)
14. Sullivan JM, Vander Zwaag R, Hughes JP, Maddock V, Kroetz F.W., Ramanathan KB, et al. Estrogen replacement and coronary artery disease: effect on survival in postmenopausal women. ArchInternMed 1990; 150: 2557-62. (Level II-2)
15. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett W.C., Manson JE, Ros ner B, Speizer FE, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease: ten-year follow-up from the nurses' health study. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 756-62. (Level II-2)
16. Wolf PH, Madans JH, Finucane FF, Higgins M, Kleinman JC. Reduction of cardiovascular disease-related mortality among postmenopausal women who use hormones: evidence from a national cohort. AmJ Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164: 489-94. (Level II-2)
17. Falkeborn M, Persson I, Adami H.O., Bergstrom R., Eaker E, Lithell H, et al The risk of acute myocardial infarction after oestrogen and oestrogen-progestogen replacement. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1992; 99: 821-7. (Level II-2)
18. Psaty BM, Heckbert SR, Atkins D, Lemaitre R., Koepsell TD, Wahl PW, et al. The risk of myocardial infarction associated with combined use of estrogens and progestins in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 1333-9. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 24197677)
19. Sidney S, Petitti DB, Quesenberry CP Jr. Myocardial infarction and the use of estrogen and estrogen-progesto-gen in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127: 501-8. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 27419441)
20. Folsom AR, Mink PJ, Sellers T.A., Hong CP, Zheng W, Potter JD Hormonal replacement therapy and morbidity and mortality in a prospective study of postmenopausal women. AmJ Public Health 1995; 85: 1128-32. (Level II-2)
21. O'Brien J.E., Peterson ED, Keeler G.P., Berdam LG, Ohman EM, Faxon DP, et al Relation between estrogen replacement therapy and restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 1111-8. (Level I) (Pubitemid 26376982)
22. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson J.E., Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rosner B, et al Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease [published erratum appears in N EnglJ Med 1996; 335: 1406]. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 453-61. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 26269944)
23. Newton KM, LaCroix AZ, McKnight B, Knopp R.H., Siscovick DS, Heckbert SR, et al. Estrogen replacement therapy and prognosis after first myocardial infarction. AmJ Epidemiol 1997; 145: 269-77. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 27057179)
24. Sullivan JM, El-Zeky F, Vander Zwaag R, Ramanathan KB Effect on survival of estrogen replacement therapy after coronary artery bypass grafting. AmJ Cardiol 1997; 79: 847-50. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 27198320)
25. Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1801-11. (Level III) (Pubitemid 29266405)
26. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson J.E., Grodstein F., Colditz GA, Speizer FE, et al. Trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease and changes in diet and lifestyle in women. N EnglJ Med 2000; 343: 530-7. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 30650748)
27. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Colditz G.A., Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133: 933-41. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 32003509)
28. Varas-Lorenzo C., Garcia-Rodriguez LA, Perez-Gutthann S, Duque-Oliart A. Hormone replacement therapy and incidence of acute myocardial infarction: a population-based nested case-control study. Circulation 2000; 101: 2572-8. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 30350634)
29. Rodriguez C, Calle EE, Patel A.V., Tatham LM, Jacobs EJ, Thun MJ Effect of body mass on the association between estrogen replacement therapy and mortality among elderly US women. AmJ Epidemiol 2001; 153: 145-52. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 32060605)
30. Shlipak MG, Angeja BG, Go A.S., Frederick PD, Canto JG, Grady D. Hormone therapy and in-hospital survival after myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women. Circulation 2001; 104: 2300-4. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 33049512)
31. Nelson HD, Humphrey LL, Nygren P, Teutsch S.M., Allan JD Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: scientific review. JAMA 2002; 288: 872-81. (Meta-analysis)
32. Humphrey LL, Chan BK, Sox HC Postmenopausal hor mone replacement therapy and the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137: 273-84. (Meta-analysis)
33. Beral V, Banks E, Reeves G. Evidence from randomised trials on the long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy. Lancet 2002; 360: 942-4. (Meta-analysis) (Pubitemid 35283842)
34. Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women: The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI trial [published erratum appears in JAMA 1995; 274: 1676]. JAMA 1995; 273: 199-208. (LevelI)
35. Angerer P, Stork S, Kothny W., Schmitt P, von Schacky C Effect of oral postmenopausal hormonal replacement on progression of atherosclerosis: a randomized, controlled trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 262-8. (Level I) (Pubitemid 32125376)
36. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Lobo R.A., Shoupe D., Sevanian A, Mahrer PR, et al Estrogen in the prevention of atherosclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Trial Research Group. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 939-53. (Level I) (Pubitemid 33131615)
37. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice R.L., LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick MD, et al Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principle results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. JAMA 2002; 288: 321-33. (Level I) (Pubitemid 34761611)
38. Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson K.C., Rossouw JE, Assaf AR, Lasser NL, et al Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. Women's Health Initiative Investigators. N EnglJ Med 2003; 349: 523-34. (Level I) (Pubitemid 36951364)
39. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf A.R., Bassford T., Beresford SA, Black H, et al Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: The Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. The Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. JAMA 2004; 291: 1701-12. (Level I) (Pubitemid 38489892)
40. The Coronary Drug Project. Findings leading to discontinuation of the 2.5-mg day estrogen group: The Coronary Drug Project Research Group. JAMA 1973; 226: 652-7. (Level I)
41. The Coronary Drug Project. Initial findings leading to modifications of its research protocol. JAMA 1970; 214: 1303-13. (Level I)
42. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T., Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B., et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA 1998; 280: 605-13. (Level I) (Pubitemid 28502636)
43. Grady D, Herrington D, Bittner V., Blumenthal R, David son M, Hlatky M, et al Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/ progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II). HERS Research Group [published erratum appears in JAMA 2002; 288: 1064]. JAMA 2002; 288: 49-57. (LevelI) (Pubitemid 34705518)
44. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ Postmenopausal hormone use and secondary prevention of coronary events in the nurses, health study: a prospective, observational study. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 1-8. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 32619277)
45. Heckbert SR, Kaplan RC, Weiss N.S., Psaty BM, Lin D, et al. Risk of recurrent coronary events in relation to use and recent initiation of post menopausal hormone therapy. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 1709-13. (Level II-2) (Pubitemid 32679545)
46. Waters DD, Alderman EL, Hsia J, Howard BV, Cobb FR, Rogers WJ, et al. Effects of hormone replacement therapy and antioxidant vitamin supplements on coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 2432-40. (Level I) (Pubitemid 35340539)
47. Herrington DM, Reboussin DM, Brosnihan K.B., Sharp PC, Shumaker SA, Snyder PE, et al Effects of estrogen replacement on the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis. N EnglJ Med 2000; 343: 522-9. (Level I) (Pubitemid 30650747)
48. Schulman SP, Thiemann DR, Ouyang P, Chandra N.C., Schulman DS, Reis SE, et al. Effects of acute hormonal therapy on recurrent ischemia in postmenopausal women with unstable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 231-7. (Level I) (Pubitemid 34084626)
49. Cherry N, Gilmour K, Hannaford P., Heagerty A, Khan MA, Kitchener H, et al Oestrogen therapy for prevention of reinfarction in postmenopausal women: a randomized placebo controlled trial. The ESPRIT team. Lancet 2002; 360: 2001-8. (Level I) (Pubitemid 36026578)
50. Clarke SC, Kelleher J, Lloyd-Jones H, Slack M., Schofiel PM A study of hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women with ischaemic heart disease: the Pap-worth HRT atherosclerosis study. BJOG 2002; 109: 1056-62. (Level I) (Pubitemid 35279139)
51. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Azen S.P., Lobo RA, Shoupe D, Mahrer PR, et al Hormone therapy and the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women: Women's Estrogen-Progestin Lipid-Lowering Hormone Atherosclerosis Regression Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 535-45. (Level I)
52. Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Kernan W.N., Sarrel PM, Suissa S, Horwitz RI A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1243-9. (Level I) (Pubitemid 34951488)
53. McDonald CC, Alexander FE, Whyte B.W., Forrest AP, Stewart HJ Cardiac and vascular morbidity in women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen for breast cancer in a randomised trial: The Scottish Cancer Trials Breast Group. BMJ 1995; 311: 977-80. (Level I)
54. Barrett-Connor E., Grady D, Sashegyi A., Anderson PW, Cox DA, Hoszowski K, et al Raloxifene and cardiovascular events in osteoporotic postmenopausal women: four-year results from the MORE (Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation) randomized trial. JAMA 2002; 287: 847-57. (Level I) (Pubitemid 34252031)
55. Mosca L, Barrett-Connor E, Wenger N.K., Collins P., Grady D, Kornitzer M, et al Design and methods of the Raloxifene Use for The Heart (RUTH) study. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88: 392-5. (Level I) (Pubitemid 32823301)
56. Mosca L, Appel LJ, Benjamin E.J., Berra K., Chandra-Strobos N, Fabunmi R, et al Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Circulation 2004; 109: 672-93. (Level III) (Pubitemid 38198877)