Current concepts in botulism: Clinical and electrophysiological aspects

Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 139-149

  Nafissi, Shahriar ^a   Pourmand, Rahman ^b  

^a TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BOTULINUM ANTISERUM; CLINDAMYCIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; METRONIDAZOLE; PENICILLIN G; SNARE PROTEIN;

ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE; ADULT; ANAPHYLAXIS; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; BOTULISM; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; EATON LAMBERT SYNDROME; ELECTRODIAGNOSIS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD HANDLING; GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME; HUMAN; HYPERMAGNESEMIA; INCUBATION TIME; INFANT; INTESTINE INFECTION; MYASTHENIA GRAVIS; NERVOUS SYSTEM ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; NEUROMUSCULAR SYNAPSE; PLASMAPHERESIS; POLIOMYELITIS; PORPHYRIA; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TICK BITE; WOUND; WOUND IRRIGATION;

EID: 1642444231     PISSN: 15220443     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00131402-200303000-00008     Document Type: Review

References (124)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Botulism in the United States, 1899-1996 Handbook for Epidemiologists, Clinicians, and Laboratory Workers. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1998.
2. Erbguth FJ, Naumann M. Historical aspects of botulinum toxin: Justinus Kerner (1786-1862) and the 'sausage poison.' Neurology 1999;53:1850-1853.
3. Erbguth FJ. Botulinum toxin, a historical note. Lancet 1998; 351:1820.
4. Bleck TP. Clostridium botulinum (botulism). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2543-2548.
5. Cherington M. Clinical spectrum of botulism. Muscle Nerve 1998;21:701-710.
6. Beller M. Botulism in Alaska: A Guide for Physicians and Healthcare Providers - 1998 Update. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, 1998.
7. Therre H. Botulism in the European union. Eurosurveillance 1999;4:2-7.
8. Galazka A, Przybylska A. Surveillance of foodborne botulism in Poland: 1960-1998. Eurosurveillance 1999;4:69-72.
9. Arnon SS, Schechter R, Inglesby TV, et al. Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon. JAMA 2001;285:1059-1070.
10. Midura TF. Update: Infant botulism. Clin Microbiol Rev 1996; 9:119-125.
11. Aburtyn E. Botulism. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, et al., eds. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 15th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001:920-922.
12. Oguma K, Yokota K, Hayashi S, et al. Infant botulism due to Clostridium botulinum type C toxin. Lancet 1990;336:1449-1450.
13. Sonnabend O, Sonnabend W, Heinzle R, et al. Isolation of clostridium botulinum type G botulinal toxin in humans: Report of five sudden unexpected deaths. J Infect Dis 1981;143: 22-27.
14. Aureli P, Fenica L, Franciosa G. Classic and emergent forms of botulism: The current status in Italy. Eurosurveillance 1999;4: 7-9.
15. Mitchell PA, Pons PT. Wound botulism associated with black tar heroin and lower extremity cellulites. J Emerg Med 2001;20: 371-375.
16. Brin MF. Botulinum toxin: Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and immunology. Muscle Nerve 1997;20(suppl 6):S146-S168.
17. Martinez-Casterillo JC, Hernandez. Gonzalez A, Alvarez-Ceremeno JC. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991;54:844-845.
18. Kuruoglu R, Cengiz B, Tokcaer A. Botulism with sensory symptoms diagnosed by neuromuscular transmission studies associated with edrophonium responsiveness. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1996;36:477-480.
19. Long SS, Gajewski JL, Brown LW, et al. Clinical, laboratory, and environmental features of infant botulism in southeastern Pennsylvania. Pediatrics 1985;75:935-941.
20. Jones S, Haugh C, Starer F. Central nervous system involvement in infant botulism. Lancet 1990;335:228.
21. Byrne MP, Smith LA. Development of vaccines for prevention of botulism. Biochemie 2000;82:955-966.
22. Foran PG, Mohammed N, Lisk GO, et al. Evaluation of the therapeutic usefulness of botulinum neurotoxin B, C1, E, and F compared to the long-lasting type A: Basis for distinct durations of inhibition of exocytosis in central neurons. J Biol Chem 2002 (paper in press, published online ahead of print October 14, 2002).
23. Public Health Laboratory Service. Interim PHLS guidelines for action in the event of a deliberate release: Botulism (version 3). Available at: Www.phls.org.uk/facts/deliberate_release.htm. Accessed September 27, 2002.
24. Chou JH, Hwang PH, Malison MD. An outbreak of type A botulism in Taiwan due to commercially preserved peanuts. Int J Epidemiol 1988;17:899-902.
25. Brusin S, Salmaso S. Botulism associated with home-preserved mushrooms. Eurosurveillance Weekly 1998;2(18).
26. Wainwright RB, Heyward WL, Middaugh JP, et al. Foodborne botulism in Alaska, 1947-1985: Epidemiology and clinical findings. J Infect Dis 1988;6:1158-1162.
27. Kuusi M, Hasseltvedt V, Aavitsland P. Botulism in Norway. Eurosurveillance 1999;4:11-12.
28. Villar RG, Shapiro RL, Busto S, et al. Outbreak of type A botulism and development of a botulism surveillance and antitoxin release system in Argentina. JAMA 1999;281:1334-1338.
29. Townes JM, Cieslak PR, Hatheway CL, et al. An outbreak of type A botulism associated with a commercial cheese sauce. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:558-563.
30. Woodruff BA, Griffin PM, McCroskey LM, et al. Clinical and laboratory comparison of botulism toxin types A, B, and E in the United States, 1975-1988. J Infect Dis 1992;166:1281-1286.
31. Hughes JM, Blumenthal JR, Merson MH, et al. Clinical features of types A and B foodborne botulism. Ann Intern Med 1981;95:442-445.
32. Mackle IJ, Halcomb E, Parr MJA. Severe adult botulism. Anesth Intensive Care 2001;29:297.
33. Sandrock CE, Murtin S. Clinical predictors of respiratory failure and long-term outcome in black tar heroin-associated wound botulism. Chest 2001;120:562-566.
34. Chia JK, Clark JB, Ryan CA, et al. Botulism in an adult associated with foodborne intestinal infection with Clostridium botulinum. N Engl J Med 1986;315:239-241.
35. Monaco S, Freddi N, Francavilla E, et al. Transient tonic pupils in botulism type B. J Neurol Sci 1998;156:96-98.
36. Harvey SM, Sturgeon J, Dassey DE. Botulism due to Clostridium baratii type F toxin. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:2260-2262.
37. Shapiro RL, Hatheway C, Swedlow DL. Botulism in the United States: A clinical and epidemiologic review. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:221-228.
38. Beller M, Middaugh JP. Repeated type E botulism in an Alaska Eskimo. N Engl J Med 1990;322:855.
39. Terranova WA, Breman JG, Locey RP, et al. Botulism type B: epidemiologic aspects of an extensive outbreak. Am J Epidemiol 1978;108:150-156.
40. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Foodborne botulism - Oklahoma, 1994. MMWR 1995;44:200-202.
41. Aureli P, Franciosa G, Pourshaban M. Foodborne botulism in Italy. Lancet 1996;348:1594.
42. Angulo FJ, Getz J, Taylor JP, et al. A large outbreak of botulism: The hazardous baked potato. J Infect Dis 1998;178:172-177.
43. Erol S, Kursat H, Parlak M, et al. An outbreak of foodborne botulism. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1999;16:500-501.
44. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Foodborne botulism from eating home-pickled eggs - Illinois, 1997. MMWR 2000:778-780.
45. Chiorboli E, Fortina G, Bona G. Flaccid paralysis caused by botulinum toxin type B after pesto ingestion. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997;16:725-726.
46. Hashimoto H, Clyde VJ, Parko KL. Botulism from peyote. N Eng J Med 1998;339:203-204.
47. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Foodborne botulism - Illinois. MMWR 1984;33:22-23.
48. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Botulism - New Mexico. MMWR 1978;27:138.
49. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Botulism and commercial pot pie - California. MMWR 1983;32:39-40.
50. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: international outbreak of restaurant-associated botulism - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. MMWR 1985;34:643.
51. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiologic notes and reports restaurant-associated botulism from mushroom bottled in-house - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. MMWR 1987;36:103.
52. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. International notes type B botulism associated with roasted eggplant in oil - Italy, 1993. MMWR 1995;44:33-36.
53. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Foodborne botulism associated with home-canned bamboo shoots - Thailand, 1998. MMWR 1999;48:437-439.
54. Slater PE, Addiss DG, Cohen A, et al. Foodborne botulism: An international outbreak. Int J Epidemiol 1989;18:693-696.
55. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of type E botulism associated with an uneviscerated salt-cured fish product - New Jersey, 1992. MMWR 1992;41:521-522.
56. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Botulism outbreak associated with eating fermented food - Alaska, 2001. MMWR 2001;50:680-682.
57. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiologic notes and reports fish botulism - Hawaii, 1990. MMWR 1991; 40:412-414.
58. Whyte R, Hudson JA, Hasell S, et al. Traditional Maori food preparation methods and food safety. Int J Food Microbiol 2001;69:183-190.
59. Horwitz MA, Hughes JM, Merson MH, et al. Foodborne botulism in the United States, 1970-1975. J Infect Dis 1977; 136:153-159.
60. Brett M. Botulism in the United Kingdom. Eurosurveillance 1999;4:9-10.
61. Aureli P, Franciosa G, Salmaso S. Organic vegetable soup associated with a case of botulism - northern Italy. Eurosurveillance Weekly 1998;2(37).
62. Padua L, Aprile I, Monaco ML, et al. Neurophysiological. assessment in the diagnosis of botulism: Usefulness of single-fiber EMG. Muscle Nerve 1999;22:1388-1392.
63. Shapiro BE, Soto O, Shafqat S. Adult botulism. Muscle Nerve 1997;20:100-102.
64. Boyer A, Girault C, Bauer F, et al. Two cases of foodborne botulism type E and review of epidemiology in France. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001;20:192-195.
65. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Wound botulism associated with parenteral cocaine abuse - New York City. MMWR 1982;31:87-88.
66. Passaro DJ, Werner B, McGee J, et al. Wound botulism associated with black tar heroin among injecting drug users. JAMA 1998;279:859-863.
67. Romanello R, De Santis F, Caione R, et al. A case of botulism due to an infected traumatic injury. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998;17:295-296.
68. Burnens AP. Wound botulism in Switzerland. Eurosurveillance Weekly 1999;3(9).
69. Burnens AP. Cases of wound botulism in Switzerland. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2000;4(5).
70. Athwal BS, Gale AN, Brett MM, et al. Wound botulism in the UK. Lancet 2001;357:234.
71. Khan M, Chay S, Bonner S. Wound botulism in injecting drug user: Second case in England. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2000;4(25).
72. Jensenius M, Lovstad RZ, Dhaenens G, et al. A heroin user with a wobbly head. Lancet 2000;356:1160.
73. Long SS. Infant botulism. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:707-709.
74. Cox N, Hinkle R. Infant botulism. Am Fam Physician 2002;65: 1388-1392.
75. Pickett J, Berg B, Chaplin E, et al. Syndrome of botulism in infancy: Clinical and electrophysiologic study. N Engl J Med 1976:770-772.
76. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Summary of notifiable diseases - United States, 2000. MMWR 2002;49:1-102,
77. Wolters B. First case of infant botulism in the Netherlands. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2000;4(49).
78. Thompson JA, Glasgow LA, Warpinski JR, et al. Infant botulism: Clinical spectrum and epidemiology. Pediatrics 1980;66: 936-942.
79. Schreiner MS, Field E, Ruddy R. Infant botulism: A review of 12 years experience at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Pediatrics 1991;87:159-165.
80. Rick J, Ascher DP, Smith R. Infant botulism: An atypical case of an uncommon disease. Pediatrics 1999;103:1038-1039.
81. Glauser TA, Maguire HC, Sladky JT. Relapse of infant botulism. Ann Neurol 1990;28:187-189.
82. Ravid S, Maytal J, Eviatar L. Biphasic course of infant botulism. Pediatr Neurol 2000;23:338-340.
83. Kozaki S, Kamata Y, Nishiki T, et al. Characterization of Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin associated with infant botulism in Japan. Infect Immunol 1998;66:4811-4816.
84. Muensterer OJ. Infant botulism. Pediatr Rev 2000;21:427.
85. Aureli P, Franciso G, Fenicia L. Infant botulism and honey in Europe: A commentary. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21:866-868.
86. O'Brien S. Case of infant botulism in the United Kingdom. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2001;5(33).
87. Olsen SJ, Swerdlow DL. Risk of infant botulism from corn syrup: In reply. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:584-585.
88. Bohnel H, Behrens S, Loch P, et al. Is there a link between infant botulism and sudden infant death? Bacteriological results obtained in central Germany. Eur J Pediatr 2001;160:623-628.
89. Bartlett JC. Infant botulism in adults. N Engl J Med 1986;315: 254-255.
90. Li LYJ, Kelkar P, Exconde RE, et al. Adult-onset infant botulism: An unusual cause of weakness in the intensive care unit. Neurology 1999;53:891.
91. Bhatia KP, Munchau A, Thompson PD, et al. Generalized muscular weakness after botulinum toxin injections for dystonia: A report of three cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999; 67:90-93.
92. Bakheit AMO, Ward CD, McLellan DL. Generalized botulism-like syndrome after intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin type A: A report of two cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997;62:198.
93. Tugnoli V, Eleopra R, Quatrale R, et al. Botulism-like syndrome after botulinum toxin type A injections for focal hyperhydrosis. Br J Dermatol 2002;147:808-809.
94. Mezaki T, Kaji R, Kohara N, et al. Development of general weakness in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after focal botulinum toxin injection. Neurology 1996;46:845-846.
95. Racette BA, Lopate G, Good L, et al. Ptosis as a remote effect of therapeutic botulinum toxin B injection. Neurology 2002;59: 1445-1447.
96. Franz DR, Jahrling PB, Friedlander AM, et al. Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents. JAMA 1997;278:399-411.
97. Shapiro RL, Hatheway C, Becher J, et al. Botulism surveillance and emergency response. JAMA 1997;278:433-435.
98. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recognition of illness associated with intentional release of biologic agents. MMWR 2001;50:893-897.
99. Meng X, Karasawa T, Zou K, et al. Characterization of a neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum strain isolated from food implicated in an outbreak of foodborne type E botulism. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:2160-2162.
100. Chaudhry R, Dhawan B, Kumar D, et al. Outbreak of suspected Clostridium butyricum botulism in India. Emerg Infect Dis 1998;4:506-507.
101. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Wound botulism - California, 1995. MMWR 1995;44:889-892.
102. Robin L, Herman D, Redett R. Botulism in a pregnant woman. N Engl J Med 1996;335:823-824.
103. Polo JM, Martin J, Berciano J. Botulism and pregnancy. Lancet 1996;348:195.
104. Aranda E, Rodriguez M, Asensio M, et al. Detection of clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F in foods by PCR and DNA probe. Lett Appl Microbiol 1997;25:186-190.
105. Maselli R, Ellis W, Mandler RN, et al. Cluster of wound botulism in California: Clinical, electrophysiologic, and pathologic study. Muscle Nerve 1997;20:1284-1295.
106. Maselli R, Bakshi N. Botulism. Muscle Nerve 2000;23:1137-1144.
107. Gutmann L, Bodensteiner J. Electrodiagnosis of botulism - revisited. J Clin Neuromusc Dis 2001;2:121-122.
108. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathologic exercises. Case 22. N Engl J Med 1997;337: 184-190.
109. Cuetter AC, El-Feky WH. The clinical picture, nerve conduction studies, and electro-myographic findings in 15 patients with foodborne botulism type A. Neurology 1999;52(suppl 2): A382.
110. Zouari N, Choyakh F, Triki C, et al. Contribution of electromyography to the diagnosis of botulism. Neurophysiol Clin 1997;27:220-226.
111. Maddison P, Newsom-Davis J, Mills KR. Distribution of electrophysiological abnormality in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;65:213-217.
112. Tim RW, Massey JM, Sanders DB. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Electrodiagnostic findings and response to treatment. Neurology 2000;54:2176-2178.
113. Nogues MA, Rivero A, Poli M, et al. Adult botulism: difficulties in early electrodiagnostic studies. MuscLe Nerve 1997;20: 1331-1332.
114. Hatheway CH, Snyder JD, Seals JE, et al. Antitoxin levels in botulism patients treated with trivalent equine botulism antitoxin to toxin types A, B, and E. J Infect Dis 1984;150:407-412.
115. Whitby M, Street AC, Ruff TA, et al. Clinical update: biological agents as weapons 1: Smallpox and botulism. Med J Aust 2002;176:431-433.
116. Black RE, Gunn RA. Hypersensitivity reactions associated with botulinal antitoxin. Am J Med 1980;69:567-570.
117. Keller MA, Stiehm ER. Passive immunity in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000;13: 602-614.
118. Baymiller S. Botulism in critical care: A case study in wound botulism. Am J Crit Care 2001;10:172-175.
119. Merson MH, Dowell VR. Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory aspects of wound botulism. N Engl J Med 1973;289:1005-1010.
120. Sato Y, Kimata N, Miyahara S, et al. Extracorporeal adsorption as a new approach to treatment of botulism. ASAIO J 2000;46: 783-785.
121. Atabek ME, Yavuz H, Oran B, et al. Plasmapheresis as an adjunct treatment in severe botulism. Intensive Care Med 2002;28: 814.
122. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiologic notes and reports botulism from fresh foods - California. MMWR 1985;34:156-157.
123. Public Health Laboratory Service. Suspected wound botulism in injecting drug users. Available at: http://www.phls.org.uk/press_media/id_bulletins/archive/2002 Accessed October 10, 2002.
124. Dock M, Ben Ali A, Karras A, et al. Treatment of severe botulism with 3,4-diamino-pyridine. Presse Med 2002;31:601-602.