Review of the newer antiepileptic drugs

American Journal of Managed Care

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 253-276

  Tidwell, Angel ^b   Swims, Melanie ^a,c  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b Regional Medical Center Memphis   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CIMETIDINE; CLONAZEPAM; DEXTROPROPOXYPHENE; ERYTHROMYCIN; ETHOSUXIMIDE; ETIRACETAM; FELBAMATE; FELODIPINE; GABAPENTIN; LAMOTRIGINE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; OXCARBAZEPINE; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PLACEBO; PRIMIDONE; TIAGABINE; TOPIRAMATE; VALPROIC ACID; VERAPAMIL; WARFARIN; ZONISAMIDE;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; AGRANULOCYTOSIS; ANOREXIA; ANXIETY; APATHY; APLASTIC ANEMIA; ASTHENIA; ATAXIA; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; CLINICAL TRIAL; CLOSED ANGLE GLAUCOMA; CONFUSION; COUGHING; DEPRESSION; DIARRHEA; DIPLOPIA; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG BINDING SITE; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG COST; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG FEVER; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG POTENTIATION; DYSMENORRHEA; DYSPEPSIA; EMOTIONAL DISORDER; ERYTHROPENIA; EYE DISEASE; FATIGUE; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; GINGIVA HYPERPLASIA; HEADACHE; HOSTILITY; HUMAN; HYPONATREMIA; INFECTION; INSOMNIA; LEUKOPENIA; LIVER TOXICITY; MEMORY DISORDER; MYOPIA; NAUSEA; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NERVOUSNESS; NEUTROPENIA; NYSTAGMUS; PARESTHESIA; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PHARYNGITIS; PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMOTOR DISORDER; RESTLESSNESS; REVIEW; RHINITIS; SEIZURE; SIDE EFFECT; SINUSITIS; SOMNOLENCE; SPEECH DISORDER; STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; TASTE AVERSION; TERATOGENESIS; TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS; TREMOR; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; VERTIGO; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; VOMITING; WEIGHT GAIN;

ANTICONVULSANTS; CLINICAL TRIALS; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG INTERACTIONS; EDUCATION, PHARMACY, CONTINUING; EPILEPSY; HUMANS; MONITORING, PHYSIOLOGIC; UNITED STATES;

EID: 1642442481     PISSN: 10880224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Shorvon SD. Epidemiology, classification, natural history, and genetics of epilepsy. Lancet. 1990;336:93-96.
2. Keranen T, Sillanpaa M, Riekkinen PJ. Distribution of seizure types in an epileptic population. Epilepsia. 1988;29:1-7.
3. Mattson RH, Cramer JA. The choice of antiepileptic drugs in focal epilepsy. In: Wylie E, ed. The Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practices. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1993:817-823.
4. O'Neil MG, Perdun CS, Wilson MB, McGown ST, Patel S. Felbamate-associated fatal acute hepatic necrosis. Neurology. 1996;46:1457-1459.
5. Kaufman DW, Kelly JP, Anderson T, Harmon DC, Shapiro S. Evaluation of case reports of aplastic anemia among patients treated with felbamate. Epilepsia. 1997;38:1265-1269.
6. Cimmino A. Update on the management of epilepsy. Clinical Pharmacy Newswatch. 2000;7(2):1-8.
7. Neurontin [package insert]. Morris Plain, NJ: Parke-Davis: May 2002.
8. Keppra [package insert]. Smyrna, Ga: UCB Pharma; 2002.
9. Lamictal [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: Glaxo Wellcome; January 2003.
10. Trileptal [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis; December 2001.
11. Gabitril [package insert]. North Chicago, Ill: Abbott Laboratories; December 2000.
12. Topamax [package insert]. Raritan, NJ: Ortho-McNeil; May 2002.
13. Zonegran [package insert]. San Francisco, Calif: Elan Pharmaceuticals; March 2000.
14. Herman ST, Hedley TA. New options for the treatment of epilepsy. JAMA. 1998;280:693-694.
15. Moshé SL. Mechanisms of action of anticonvulsant agents. Neurology. 2000;55(suppl 1):S32-S40.
16. McLean MJ. Clinical pharmacokinetics of gabapentin. Neurology. 1994;44(suppl 5):S17-S22.
17. Glidal BE, Maly MM, Kowalski JW, Rutecki PA, Pitterle ME, Cook DE. Gabapentin absorption: Effect of mixing with foods of varying macronutrient composition. Ann Pharmacother. 1998;32:405-409.
18. Gabapentin in partial epilepsy. UK Gabapentin Study Group. Lancet. 1990;335:1114-1117.
19. Gabapentin as add-on therapy in refractory partial epilepsy: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. US Gabapentin Study Group No. 5. Neurology. 1993;43:2292-2298.
20. Anhut H, Ashman P, Feuerstein TJ, Sauermann W, Saunders M, Schmidt B. Gabapentin (Neurontin) as add-on therapy in patients with partial seizures: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The International Gabapentin Study Group. Epilepsia. 1994;35:795-801.
21. Ramsay ER. Clinical efficacy and safety of gabapentin. Neurology. 1994;44(suppl 5):S23-S30.
22. DeToledo JC, Toledo C, DeCerce J, Ramsay RE. Changes in body weight with chronic, high-dose gabapentin therapy. Ther Drug Monit. 1997;19:394-396.
23. Chadwick DW, Anhut H, Greiner MJ, et al. A double-blind trial of gabapentin monotherapy for newly diagnosed partial seizures. International Gabapentin Monotherapy Study Group 945-77. Neurology. 1998;51:1282-1288.
24. Bergey GK, Morris HH, Rosenfeld W, et al. Gabapentin monotherapy: I. An 8-day, double-blind, dose-controlled, multicenter study in hospitalized patients with refractory complex partial or secondarily generalized seizures. The US Gabapentin Study Group 88/89. Neurology. 1997;49:739-745.
25. Beydoun A, Fischer J, Labar DR, et al. Gabapentin monotherapy: II. A 26-week, double-blind, dose-controlled, multicenter study of conversion from polytherapy in outpatients with refractory complex partial or secondarily generalized seizures. The US Gabapentin Study Group 82/83. Neurology. 1997;49:746-752.
26. Magnus L. Nonepileptic uses of gabapentin. Epilepsia. 1999;40(suppl 6):S66-S72.
27. Gorson KC, Schott C, Herman R, Ropper AH, Rand WM. Gabapentin in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: A placebo controlled, double blind, crossover trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;66:251-252.
28. Morello CM, Leckband SG, Stoner CP, Moorhouse DF, Sahagian GA. Randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy of gabapentin with amitriptyline on diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:1931-1937.
29. Rowbotham A, Harden N, Stacey B, Bernstein P, Magnus-Miller L. Gabapentin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998;280:1837-1842.
30. Backonja M, Beydoun A, Edwards KR, et al. Gabapentin for the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998;280:1831-1836.
31. Gilliam F, Vasquez B, Sackellares JC, et al. An active-control trial of lamotrigine monotherapy for partial seizures. Neurology. 1998;51:1018-1025.
32. Peck AW. Clinical pharmacology of lamotrigine. Epilepsia. 1991;32(suppl 2):S9-S12.
33. Fillastre JP, Taburet AM, Fialaire A, Etienne I, Bidault R, Singlas E. Pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine in patients with renal impairment: Influence of haemodialysis. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1993;19:25-32.
34. Matsuo F, Bergen D, Faught E, et al. Placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine in patients with partial seizures. U.S. Lamotrigine Protocol 0.5 Clinical Trial Group. Neurology. 1993;43:2284-2291.
35. Messenheimer J, Ramsay RE, Willmore LJ, et al. Lamotrigine therapy for partial seizures: A multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Epilepsia. 1994;35:113-121.
36. Schapel GJ, Beran RG, Vajda FJ, et al. Double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study of lamotrigine in treatment resistant partial seizures. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993;56:448-453.
37. Schlienger RG, Knowles SR, Shear NH. Lamotrigine-associated anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome. Neurology. 1998;51:1172-1175.
38. Uthman BM, Rowan AJ, Ahmann PA, et al. Tiagabine for complex partial seizures: A randomized, add-on, dose-response trial. Arch Neurol. 1998;55:56-62.
39. Sachdeo RC, Leroy RF, Krauss GL, et al. Tiagabine therapy for complex partial seizures. A dose-frequency study. The Tiagabine Study Group. Arch Neurol. 1997;54:595-601.
40. Kalviainen R, Brodie MJ, Duncan J, Chadwick D, Edwards D, Lyby K. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tiagabine given three-times daily as add-on therapy for refractory partial seizures. Northern European Tiagabine Study Group. Epilepsy Res. 1998;30:31-40.
41. Knake S, Hamer HM, Schomburg U, Oertel WH, Rosenow F. Tiagabine-induced absence status in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Seizure. 1999;8:314-317.
42. Kalviainen R. Long-term safety of tiagabine. Epilepsia. 2001;42(suppl 3):46-48.
43. Genton P, Guerrini R, Perucca E. Tiagabine in clinical practice. Epilepsia. 2001;42(suppl 3):42-45.
44. Faught E, Wilder BJ, Ramsay RE, et al. Topiramate placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial in refractory partial epilepsy using 200-, 400-, and 600-mg daily dosages. Topiramate YD Study Group. Neurology. 1996;46:1684-1690.
45. Privitera M, Fincham R, Penry J, et al. Topiramate placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial in refractory partial epilepsy using 600-, 800-, and 1,000-mg daily dosages. Topiramate YE Study Group. Neurology. 1996;46:1678-1683.
46. Tatum WO IV, French JA, Faught E, et al. Postmarketing experience with topiramate and cognition. Epilepsia. 2001;42:1134-1140.
47. The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute announces results of studies with topiramate in diabetic neuropathic pain [press release]. Raritan, NJ: Johnson & Johnson; September 17, 2001.
48. Cereghino JJ, Biton V, Abou-Khalil B, Dreifuss F, Gauer LJ, Leppik I. Levetiracetam for partial seizures: Results of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Neurology. 2000;55:236-242.
49. Shorvon SD, Lowenthal A, Janz D, Bielen E, Loiseau P. Multicenter double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of levetiracetam as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures. European Levetiracetam Study Group. Epilepsia. 2000;41:1179-1186.
50. Ben-Menachem E, Falter U. Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam 3000 mg/d in patients with refractory partial seizures: A multicenter, double-blind, responder-selected study evaluating monotherapy. European Levetiracetam Study Group. Epilepsia. 2001;41:1276-1283.
51. Holland KD. Efficacy, pharmacology, and adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs. Neurol Clin. 2001;19:313-345.
52. Kramer G, Canger R, Deisenhammer E, et al. Assessment of the retention rate of BID administration of oxcarbazepine 900-2700 mg/day as monotherapy for epilepsy in adults. Poster presented at: Poster presented at: 51st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology; April 17-24, 1999; Toronto, Canada.
53. Lotts RS, Helmbodt K. Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine analogue for partial seizures in adults and children with epilepsy. Formulary. 2000;35;219-233.
54. Bill PA, Vigonius U, Pohlmann H, et al. A double-blind controlled clinical trial of oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin in adults with previously untreated epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1997;27:195-204.
55. Guerreiro MM, Vigonius U, Pohlmann H, et al. A double-blind controlled clinical trial of oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1997;27:205-213.
56. Christe W, Kramer G, Vigonius U, et al. A double-blind controlled clinical trial: Oxcarbazepine versus sodium valproate in adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1997;26:451-460.
57. Schachter SC, Vazquez B, Fisher RS, et al. Oxcarbazepine: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-control, monotherapy trial for partial seizures. Neurology. 1999;52:732-737.
58. Reinikainen KJ, Keranen T, Halonen T, Komulainen H, Riekkinen PJ. Comparison of oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine: A double blind study. Epilepsy Res. 1987;1:284-289.
59. Dam M, Ekberg R, Loyning Y, Waltimo O, Jakobsen K. A double-blind study comparing oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine in patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1989;3:70-76.
60. Houtkooper MA, Lammertsma A, Meyer JW, et al. Oxcarbazepine (GP 47.680): A possible alternative to carbamazepine? Epilepsia. 1987;28:693-698.
61. Faught E, Ayala R, Montouris GG, Leppik IE. Randomized controlled trial of zonisamide for the treatment of refractory partial-onset-seizures. Neurology. 2001;57:1774-1779.
62. Schmidt D, Jacob R, Loiseau P, et al. Zonisamide for add-on treatment of refractory partial epilepsy: A European double-blind trial. Epilepsy Res. 1993;15:67-73.
63. Devinsky O, Cramer J. Safety and efficacy of standard and new antiepileptic drugs. Neurology. 2000;55(suppl 3):S5-S10.
64. Marson AG, Kadir ZA, Chadwick DW. New antiepileptic drugs: A systematic review of their efficacy and tolerability. BMJ. 1996;313:1169-1174.
65. Cramer JA, Fisher R, Ben-Menachem E, French J, Mattson RH. New antiepileptic drugs: A comparison of key clinical trials. Epilepsia. 1999;40:590-600.