The Nuclear Factor I (NFI) Gene Family in Mammary Gland Development and Function

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 241-254

  Murtagh, Janice ^a   Martin, Finian ^a   Gronostajski, Richard M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

Author keywords

Development; Lactation; Mammary gland; Mammospheres; NFI; Transcription

Indexed keywords

ACID PROTEIN; ALPHA LACTALBUMIN; BETA LACTOGLOBULIN; CARBOXYL GROUP; ESTER; GENOMIC DNA; MILK PROTEIN; NUCLEAR FACTOR I; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE;

AGENESIS; APOPTOSIS; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHROMOSOME; DEVELOPMENT; EVOLUTION; FLY; GENE; GENE CONTROL; GENE DELETION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE MUTATION; GENE TARGETING; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC CODE; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOME; INTRON; INVOLUTION; LACTATION; LUNG DEVELOPMENT; MAMMALIAN GENETICS; MAMMARY GLAND FUNCTION; MODULATION; MOUSE MAMMARY TUMOR ONCOVIRUS; MULTIGENE FAMILY; NONHUMAN; ORGAN GROWTH; ORGANOGENESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT; PREGNANCY; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN DNA INTERACTION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FAMILY; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; TOOTH DEVELOPMENT; TRANSGENE; VERTEBRATE; WORM;

ANIMALS; CCAAT-ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEINS; CHICKENS; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; EVOLUTION; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL; HUMANS; LACTATION; MAMMARY GLANDS, ANIMAL; MAMMARY GLANDS, HUMAN; MICE; MODELS, GENETIC; NFI TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; RATS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; Y-BOX-BINDING PROTEIN 1;

EID: 1642441767     PISSN: 10833021     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1025909109843     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. P. J. Mitchell and R. Tjian (1989). Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. Science 245:371-378.
2. R. M. Gronostajski (2000). Role of NFI/CTF gene family in transcription and development. Gene 249:31-45.
3. C. Santoro, N. Mermod, P. Andrews, and R. Tjian (1988). A family of human CCAAT-box-binding proteins active in transcription and DNA replication: Cloning and expression of multiple cDNAs. Nature 334:218-224.
4. K. Nagata, R. Guggenheimer, T. Enomoto, J. Lichy, and J. Hurwitz (1982). Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro Identification of a host factor that stimulates synthesis of the preterminal protein-dCMP complex. PNAS 79:6438-6442.
5. K. Nagata, R. A. Guggenheimer, and J. Hurwitz (1983). Specific binding of a cellular DNA replication protein to the origin of replication of adenovirus DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:6177-6181.
6. K. Nagata, R. A. Guggenheimer, and J. Hurwitz (1983). Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro: Synthesis of full-length DNA with purified proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:4266-4270.
7. R. T. Hay (1985). Origin of adenovirus DNA replication: Role of the nuclear factor I binding site in vivo. J. Mol. Biol. 186:129-136.
8. J. Bosher, I. R. Leith, S. M. Temperley, M. Wells, R. T. Hay (1991). The DNA-binding domain of nuclear factor I is sufficient to cooperate with the adenovirus type 2 DNA-binding protein in viral DNA replication. J. Gen. Virol. 72:2975-2980.
9. R. N. de Jong and P. C. van der Vliet (1999). Mechanism of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells: Cellular host factors stimulating adenovirus DNA replication. Gene 236:1-12.
10. M. T. Armentero, M. Horwitz, and N Mermod (1994). Targeting of DNA polymerase to the adenovirus origin of DNA replication by interaction with nuclear factor I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:11537-11541.
11. R. M. Gronostajski, K. Nagata, and J. Hurwitz (1984). Isolation of human DNA sequences that bind to nuclear factor I, a host protein involved in adenovirus DNA replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:4013-4017.
12. R. M. Gronostajski, S. Adhya, K. Nagata, R. A. Guggenheimer, and J. Hurwitz (1985). Site-specific DNA binding of nuclear factor I: Analyses of cellular binding sites. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:964-971.
13. J. A. Bogan, D. A. Natale, and M. L. Depamphilis (2000). Initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication: Conservative or liberal? J. Cell Physiol. 184:139-150.
14. U. Borgmeyer, J. Nowock, and A. E. Sippel (1984). The TGGCA-binding protein: A eukaryotic nuclear protein recognizing a symmetrical sequence on double-stranded linear DNA. Nucleic. Acids Res. 12:4295-4311.
15. P. A. J. Leegwater, P. C. van der Vliet, R. A. W. Rupp, J. Nowock, and A. E. Sippel (1986). Functional homology between the sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins nuclear factor I from HeLa cells and the TGGCA protein from chicken liver. EMBO J. 5:381-386.
16. L. Hennighausen, U. Siebenlist, D. Danner, P. Leder, D. Rawlins, P. Rosenfeld, et al. (1985). High-affinity binding site for a specific nuclear protein in the human IgM gene. Nature 314:289-292.
17. K. Jones, J. Kadonaga, P. Rosenfeld, T. Kelly, and R. Tjian (1987). A cellular DNA-binding protein that activates eukaryotic transcription and DNA replication. Cell 48:79-89.
18. A. Dorn, J. Bollekens, A. Staub, C. Benoist, and D. Mathis (1987). A multiplicity of CCAAT box-binding proteins. Cell 50:863-872.
19. M. Raymondjean, S. Cereghini, and M. Yaniv (1988). Several distinct "CCAAT" box binding proteins coexist in eukaryotic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:757-761.
20. R. Rupp, U. Kruse, G. Multhaup, U. Gobel, K. Beyreuther, and A. Sippel (1990). Chicken NFI/TGGCA proteins are encoded by at least three independent genes: NFI-A, NFI-B and NFI-C with homologues in mammalian genomes. Nucleic. Acids Res. 18:2607-2616.
21. U. Kruse, F. Qian, and AE. Sippel (1991). Identification of a fourth Nuclear Factor I gene in chicken by cDNA cloning: NFIX. Nucleic. Acids Res. 19:6641.
22. G. Gil, J. R. Smith, J. L. Goldstein, C. A. Slaughter, K. Orth, M. S. Brown, et al. (1988). Multiple genes encode nuclear factor 1-like proteins that bind to the promoter for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:8963-8967.
23. T. Inoue, T. Tamura, T. Furuichi, and K. Mikoshiba (1990). Isolation of complementary DNAs encoding a cerebellum-enriched nuclear factor I family that activates transcription from the mouse myelin basic protein promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 265:19065-19070.
24. A. Z. Chaudhry, C. E. Lyons, and R. M. Gronostajski (1997). Expression patterns of the four Nuclear Factor I genes during mouse embryogenesis indicate a potential role in development. Dev. Dyn. 208:313-325.
25. M. Xu, S. Osada, M. Imagawa, and T. Nishihara (1997). Genomic organization of the rat nuclear factor I-A gene. J. Biochem. 122:795-801.
26. F. Qian, U. Kruse, P. Lichter, and A. E. Sippel (1995). Chromosomal localization of the four genes NFIA, B, C, and X for the human transcription factor Nuclear Factor I by FISH. Genomics 28:66-73.
27. D. Apt, Y. Liu, and H.-U. Bernard (1994). Cloning and functional analysis of spliced isoforms of human nuclear factor I-X: Interference with transcriptional activation by NFI/CTF in a cell-type specific manner. NAR 22:3825-3833.
28. R. A. Holt, G. M. Subramanian, A. Halpern, G. G. Sutton, R. Charlab, D. R. Nusskern, et al. (2002). The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Science 298:129-149.
29. P. Dehal, Y. Satou, R. K. Campbell, J. Chapman, B. Degnan, A. De Tomaso, et al. (2002). The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: Insights into chordate and vertebrate origins. Science 298:2157-2167.
30. S. Bandyopadhyay and R. M. Gronostajski (1994). Identification of a conserved oxidation-sensitive cysteine residue in the NFI family of DNA-binding proteins. JBC 269:29949-29955.
31. U. Kruse and A. Sippel (1994). The genes for transcription factor nuclear factor I give rise to corresponding splice variants between vertebrate species. J. Mol. Biol. 238:860-865.
32. L. das Neves, C. Duchala, F. Godinho, M. Haxhiu, C. Colmenares, W. Macklin, et al. (1999). Disruption of the murine Nuclear Factor I-A gene (Nfia) results in perinatal lethality, hydrocephalus and agenesis of the corpus callosum. PNAS 96:11946-11951.
33. H. Baumeister, R. M. Gronostajski, G. E. Lyons, and F. L. Margolis (1999). Identification of NFI-binding sites and cloning of NFI-cDNAs suggest a regulatory role for NFI transcription factors in olfactory neuron gene expression. Mol. Brain Res. 72:65-79.
34. C. F. Fletcher, N. A. Jenkins, N. G. Copeland, A. Z. Chaudhry, and R. M. Gronostajski (1999). Exon structure of the nuclear factor I DNA-binding domain from C. elegans to mammals. Mamm. Genome 10:390-396.
35. S. Aparicio, J. Chapman, E. Stupka, N. Putnam, J. M. Chia, P. Dehal, et al. (2002). Whole-genome shotgun assembly and analysis of the genome of Fugu rubripes. Science 297:1301-1310.
36. G. A. Elder, Z. Z. Liang, S. E. Snyder, and R. A. Lazzarini (1992). Multiple nuclear factors interact with the promoter of the human Neurofilament-M gene. Mol. Brain Res. 15:99-107.
37. F. K. Bedford, D. Julius, and H. A. Ingraham (1998). Neuronal expression of the 5HT3 serotonin receptor gene requires nuclear factor 1 complexes. J. Neurosci. 18:6186-6194.
38. T. Tamura, M. Masayuki, K. Ikenaka, and K. Mikoshiba (1988). Analysis of transcription control elements of the mouse myelin basic protein gene in HeLa cell extracts: Demonstration of a strong NFI-binding motif in the upstream region. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:11441-11459.
39. P. Leahy, D. R. Crawford, G. Grossman, R. M. Gronostajski, and R. W. Hanson (1999). CREB binding protein coordinates the function of multiple transcription factors including nuclear factor I to regulate phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 274:8813-8822.
40. D. M. Faust, A. M. Catherin, S. Barbaux, L. Belkadi, T. Imaizumi-Scherrer, and M. C. Weiss (1996). The activity of the highly inducible mouse phenylalanine hydroxylase gene promoter is dependent upon a tissue-specific, hormone-inducible enhancer. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:3125-3137.
41. B. Bois-Joyeux and J. L. Danan (1994). Members of the CAAT/enhancer-binding protein, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 and nuclear factor-1 families can differentially modulate the activities of the rat alpha-fetoprotein promoter and enhancer. Biochem. J. 301:49-55.
42. C. J. Bachurski, S. E. Kelly, S. W. Glasser, and T. A. Currier (1997). Nuclear factor I family members regulate the transcription of surfactant protein-C. J. Biol. Chem. 272:32759-32766.
43. S. S. Mukhopadhyay, S. L. Wyszomierski, R. M. Gronostajski, and J. M. Rosen (2001). Differential interactions of specific nuclear factor I isoforms with the glucocorticoid receptor and STAT5 in the cooperative regulation of WAP gene transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:6859-6869.
44. T. Grewal, M. Theisen, U. Borgmeyer, T. Grussenmeyer, R. A. Rupp, A. Stief, et al. (1992). The -61-kilobase chicken lysozyme enhancer is a multifactorial complex containing several cell-type-specific elements. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:2339-2350.
45. Y. Xie, V. Madelian, J. Zhang, G. Ling, and X. Ding (2001). Activation of the NPTA element of the CYP2A3 gene by NFI-A2, a nasal mucosa-selective nuclear factor 1 isoform. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 289:1225-1228.
46. K. Kido, H. Bannert, R. M. Gronostajski, and R. M. Flugel (2002). Bell-mediated trans-activation of the spumaretroviral internal promoter is repressed by nuclear factor I. J. Biol. Chem.
47. P. Jethanandani and E. Goldberg (2001). ldhc expression in non-germ cell nuclei is repressed by NF-I binding. J. Biol. Chem. 276:35414-35421.
48. C. S. Song, M. H. Jung, P. C. Supakar, B. Chatterjee, and A. K. Roy (1999). Negative regulation of the androgen receptor gene promoter by NFI and an adjacently located multiprotein-binding site. Mol. Endocrinol. 13:1487-1496.
49. N. Mermod, E. O'Neill, T. Kelly, and R. Tjian (1989). The proline-rich transcriptional activator of CTF/NF-1 is distinct from the replication and DNA binding domain. Cell 58:741-753.
50. G. Nebl and A. Cato (1995). NFI/X proteins: A class of NFI family of transcription factors with positive and negative regulatory domains. Cell. Mol. Biol. Res. 41:85-95.
51. U. Kruse and A. E. Sippel (1994). Transcription factor nuclear factor I proteins form stable homo-and heterodimers. FEBS Lett. 348:46-50.
52. A. Z. Chaudhry, A. D. Vitullo, and R. M. Gronostajski (1998). Nuclear factor I (NFI) isoforms differentially activate simple versus complex NFI-responsive promoters. J. Biol. Chem. 273:18538-18546.
53. A. Z. Chaudhry, A. D. Vitullo, and R. M. Gronostajski (1999). Nuclear factor I-mediated repression of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter is abrogated by the coactivators p300/CBP and SRC-1. J. Biol. Chem. 274:7072-7081.
54. B. Gao and G. Kunos (1998). Cell type-specific transcriptional activation and suppression of the alpha1B adrenergic receptor gene middle promoter by nuclear factor 1. J. Biol. Chem. 273:31784-31787.
55. A. Grunder, T. T. Ebel, M. Mallo, G. Schwarzkopf, T. Shimizu, A. E. Sippel, et al. (2002). Nuclear factor I-B (Nfib) deficient mice have severe lung hypoplasia. Mech. Dev. 112:69-77.
56. G. Steele-Perkins, K. G. Butz, G. E. Lyons, M. Zeichner-David, H.-J. Kim, M. I. Cho, et al. (2003). Essential role for NFI-C/CTF transcription- replication factor in tooth root development. MCB 23:1075-1084.
57. T. Shu, K. G. Butz, C. Plachez, R. M. Gronostajski, and L. J. Richards (2003). Abnormal development of forebrain midline glia and commissural projections in Nfia knock-out mice. J. Neurosci. 23:203-212.
58. J. P. Simons, M. McClenaghan, and A. J. Clark (1987). Alteration of the quality of milk by expression of sheep beta-lactoglobulin in transgenic mice. Nature 328:530-532.
59. H. Lubon and L. Hennighausen (1988). Conserved region of the rat alpha-lactalbumin promoter is a target site for protein binding in vitro. Biochem. J. 256:391-396.
60. C. J. Watson, K. E. Gordon, M. Robertson, and A. J. Clark (1991). Interaction of DNA-binding proteins with a milk protein gene promoter in vitro - Identification of a mammary gland-specific factor. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:6603-6610.
61. B. Rajput, N. L. Shaper, and J. H. Shaper (1996). Transcriptional regulation of murine beta1,4-galactosyltransferase in somatic cells. Analysis of a gene that serves both a housekeeping and a mammary gland-specific function. J. Biol. Chem. 271:5131-5142.
62. M. Kannius-Janson, U. Lidberg, K. Hulten, A. Gritli-Linde, G. Bjursell, and J. Nilsson (1998). Studies of the regulation of the mouse carboxyl ester lipase gene in mammary gland. Biochem. J. 336(Pt 3):577-585.
63. S. Mink, E. Hartig, P. Jennewein, W. Doppler, and A. C. B. Cato (1992). A mammary cell-specific enhancer in MMTV DNA is composed of multiple regulatory elements including binding sites For CTF/NFI and a novel transcription factor, Mammary Cell-Activating Factor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:4906-4918.
64. E. Furlong, N. K. Keon, F. D. Thornton, T. Rein, and F. Martin (1996). Expression of a 74-kDa nuclear factor 1 (NF1) protein is induced in mouse mammary gland involution. Involution-enhanced occupation of a twin NF1 binding element in the testosterone-repressed prostate message-2/clusterin promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 271:29688-29697.
65. R. Kane, J. Murtagh, D. Finlay, A. Marti, R. Jaggi, D. Blatchford, et al. (2002). Transcription factor NFIC undergoes N-glycosylation during early mammary gland involution. J. Biol. Chem. 277:25893-25903.
66. C. H. Streuli, G. M. Edwards, M. Delcommenne, C. B. Whitelaw, T. G. Burdon, C. Schindler, et al. (1995). Stat5 as a target for regulation by extracellular matrix. J. Biol. Chem. 270:21639-21644.
67. P. K. Qasba, A. M. Dandekar, T. M. Horn, I. Losonczy, M. Siegel, K. A. Sobiech, et al. (1982). Milk protein gene expression in the rat mammary gland. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 16:165-186.
68. J. W. Perry and T. Oka (1984). The study of differentiative potential of the lactating mouse mammary gland in organ culture. In Vitro 20:59-65.
69. Y. J. Topper, K. R. Nicholas, L. Sankaran, and J. Kulski (1984). Insulin as a developmental hormone. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 142:63-77.
70. M. Ono and T. Oka (1980). The differential actions of cortisol on the accumulation of alpha-lactalbumin and casein in mid-pregnant mouse mammary gland in culture. Cell 19:473-480.
71. M. Ono, J. W. Perry, and T. Oka (1981). Concentration-dependent differential effects of cortisol on synthesis of alpha-lactalbumin and of casein in cultured mouse mammary gland explants: Importance of prolactin concentration. In Vitro 17:121-128.
72. S. J. Quirk, J. E. Gannell, M. J. Fullerton, and J. W. Funder (1986). Mechanisms of biphasic action of glucocorticoids on alpha-lactalbumin production by rat mammary gland explants. J. Steroid Biochem. 24:413-416.
73. N. Terada, L. J. Leiderman, and T. Oka (1983). The interaction of cortisol and prostaglandins on the phenotypic expression of the alpha-lactalbumin gene in the mouse mammary gland in culture. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 111:1059-1065.
74. L. Hall, D. C. Emery, M. S. Davies, D. Parker, and R. K. Craig (1987). Organization and sequence of the human alpha-lactalbumin gene. Biochem. J. 242:735-742.
75. R. Gronostajski (1987). Site-specific DNA binding of nuclear factor I: Effect of the spacer region. Nucleic. Acids Res. 15:5545-5559.
76. S. Harris, M. McClenaghan, J. P. Simons, S. Ali, and A. J. Clark (1991). Developmental regulation of the sheep beta-lactoglobulin gene in the mammary gland of transgenic mice. Dev. Genet. 12:299-307.
77. C. B. Whitelaw, S. Harris, M. McClenaghan, J. P. Simons, and A. J. Clark (1992). Position-independent expression of the ovine beta-lactoglobulin gene in transgenic mice. Biochem. J. 286(Pt 1):31-39.
78. R. M. McKenzie and B. L. Larson (1978). Isolation and partial characterization of rare casein proteins. J. Dairy Sci. 61:885-889.
79. S. Li and J. M. Rosen (1995). Nuclear factor I and mammary gland factor (STAT5) play a critical role in regulating rat whey acidic protein gene expression in transgenic mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:2063-2070.
80. J. F. Levine and F. E. Stockdale (1985). Cell-cell interactions promote mammary epithelial cell differentiation. J. Cell. Biol. 100:1415-1422.
81. T. C. Dale, M. J. Krnacik, C. Schmidhauser, C. L. Yang, M. J. Bissell, and J. M. Rosen (1992). High-level expression of the rat whey acidic protein gene is mediated by elements in the promoter and 3′ untranslated region. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:905-914.
82. S. Li and J. M. Rosen (1994). Distal regulatory elements required for rat whey acidic protein gene expression in transgenic mice. J. Biol. Chem. 269:14235-14243.
83. M. Kannius-Janson, E. M. Johansson, G. Bjursell, and J. Nilsson (2002). Nuclear factor 1-C2 contributes to the tissue-specific activation of a milk protein gene in the differentiating mammary gland. J. Biol. Chem. 277:17589-17596.
84. R. Kane, D. Finlay, T. Lamb, and F. Martin (2000). Transcription factor NF 1 expression in involuting mammary gland. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 480:117-122.
85. R. L. Hill, K. Brew, T. C. Vanaman, I. P. Trayer, and P. Mattock (1968). The structure, function, and evolution of alpha-lactalbumin. Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 21:139-154.
86. R. W. Turkington, K. Brew, T. C. Vanaman, and R. L. Hill (1968). The hormonal control of lactose synthetase in the developing mouse mammary gland. J. Biol. Chem. 243:3382-3387.
87. A. Harduin-Lepers, N. L. Shaper, J. A. Mahoney, and J. H. Shaper (1992). Murine beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase: Round spermatid transcripts are characterized by an extended 5′-untranslated region. Glycobiology 2:361-368.
88. A. Harduin-Lepers, J. H. Shaper, and N. L. Shaper (1993). Characterization of two cis-regulatory regions in the murine beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase gene. Evidence for a negative regulatory element that controls initiation at the proximal site. J. Biol. Chem. 268:14348-14359.
89. A. S. Lidmer, M. Kannius, L. Lundberg, G. Bjursell, and J. Nilsson (1995). Molecular cloning and characterization of the mouse carboxyl ester lipase gene and evidence for expression in the lactating mammary gland. Genomics 29:115-122.
90. N. E. Hynes, B. Groner, and R. Michalides (1984). Mouse mammary tumor virus: Transcriptional control and involvement in tumorigenesis. Adv. Cancer Res. 41:155-184.
91. B. Munoz and F. F. Bolander Jr. (1989). Prolactin regulation of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) expression in normal mouse mammary epithelium. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 62:23-29.
92. S. Mink, H. Ponta, and A. C. Cato (1990). The long terminal repeat region of the mouse mammary tumour virus contains multiple regulatory elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:2017-2024.
93. J. A. Sensibar, M. D. Griswold, S. R. Sylvester, R. Buttyan, C. W. Bardin, C. Y. Cheng, et al. (1991). Prostatic ductal system in rats: Regional variation in localization of an androgen-repressed gene product, sulfated glycoprotein-2. Endocrinology 128:2091-2102.
94. I. S. Sawczuk, G. Hoke, C. A. Olsson, J. Connor, and R. Buttyan (1989). Gene expression in response to acute unilateral ureteral obstruction. Kidney Int. 35:1315-1319.
95. S. Bettuzzi, L. Troiano, P. Davalli, F. Tropea, M. C. Ingletti, E. Grassilli, et al. (1991). In vivo accumulation of sulfated glycoprotein 2 mRNA in rat thymocytes upon dexamethasone-induced cell death. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175:810-815.
96. R. Strange, F. Li, S. Saurer, A. Burkhardt, and R. R. Friis (1992). Apoptotic cell death and tissue remodelling during mouse mammary gland involution. Development 115:49-58.
97. R. Buttyan, Z. Zakeri, R. Lockshin, and D. Wolgemuth (1988). Cascade induction of c-fos, c-myc, and heat shock 70K transcripts during regression of the rat ventral prostate gland. Mol. Endocrinol. 2:650-657.
98. R. T. Hay (1985). The origin of adenovirus DNA replicaton: Minimal DNA sequence requirement in vivo. EMBO J. 4:421-426.
99. S. P. Jackson and R. Tjian (1988). O-glycosylation of eukaryotic transcription factors: Implications for mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. Cell 55:125-133.
100. D. R. Blatchford, L. H. Quarrie, E. Tonner, C. McCarthy, D. J. Flint, and C. J. Wilde (1999). Influence of microenvironment on mammary epithelial cell survival in primary culture. J. Cell. Physiol. 181:304-311.