A hubble space telescope WFPC2 investigation of the nuclear morphology in the Toomre sequence of merging galaxies

Astronomical Journal

Volumn 126, Issue 6 1776, 2003, Pages 2717-2739

  Laine, Seppo ^a   Van Der Marel, Roeland P ^b   Rossa, Jörn ^b   Hibbard, John E ^c   Mihos, J Christopher ^d   Böker, Torsten ^b   Zabludoff, Ann I ^e  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b STScI   (United States)

^c NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY   (United States)

^d CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

Galaxies: evolution; Galaxies: formation; Galaxies: interactions; Galaxies: nuclei; Galaxies: spiral

Indexed keywords

EID: 1642275397     PISSN: 00046256     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/379676     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Arp, H. 1966, Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies (Pasadena: Caltech)
2. Awaki, H., Matsumoto, H., & Tomida, H. 2002, ApJ, 567, 892
3. Bahcall, J. N., Kirhakos, S., & Schneider, D. P. 1995, ApJ, 450, 486
4. Barnes, J. E. 1988, ApJ, 331, 699
5. _. 1998, in Saas-Fee Advanced Course No. 26, Galaxies: Interactionsand Induced Star Formation, ed. D. Friedli, L. Martinet, & D. Pfenniger (New York: Springer), 275
6. _. 2002, MNRAS, 333, 481
7. Barnes, J. E., & Hernquist, L. 1991, ApJ, 370, L65
8. _. 1992, Nature, 360, 715
9. _. 1996, ApJ, 471, 115
10. Bekki, K., & Couch, W. J. 2001, ApJ, 557, L19
11. Bernlöhr, K. 1993, A&A, 270, 20
12. Biretta, J. A., et al. 2000, WFPC2 Instrument Handbook, Version 5.0 (Baltimore: STScI)
13. Borne, K. D., Bushouse, H., Lucas, R. A., & Colina, L. 2000, ApJ, 529, L77
14. Bryant, P. M., & Scoville, N. Z. 1999, AJ, 117, 2632
15. Bushouse, H. A., & Stanford, S. A. 1992, ApJS, 79, 213
16. Bushouse, H. A., & Werner, M. W. 1990, ApJ, 359, 72
17. Carollo, C. M., Franx, M., Illingworth, G. D., & Forbes, D. A. 1997, ApJ, 481, 710
18. Carral, P., Turner, J. L., & Ho, P. T. P. 1990, ApJ, 362, 434
19. Dahari, O. 1985, ApJS, 57, 643
20. Dubinski, J., Mihos, J. C., & Hernquist, L. 1996, ApJ, 462, 576
21. Duc, P. A., & Brinks, E. 2001, in ASP Conf. Proc. 240, Gas and Galaxy Evolution, ed. J. E. Hibbard, M. Rupen, & J. H. van Gorkom (San Francisco: ASP), 181
22. Elmegreen, B. G., Kaufman, M., & Thomasson, M. 1993, ApJ, 412, 90
23. English, J., Norris, R. P., Freeman, K. C., & Booth, R. S. 2003, AJ, 125, 1134
24. Fabbiano, G., Schweizer, F., & Mackie, G. 1997, ApJ, 478, 542
25. Ford, H. C., Illingworth, G. D., Clampin, M., & Hartig, G. (ACS Science Team and ESA). 2002, preprint (STScI-PRC02-11d)
26. Georgakakis, A., Forbes, D. A., & Norris, R. P. 2000, MNRAS, 318, 124
27. Hattori, T., Yoshida, M., Ohtani, H., Ishigaki, T., Sugai, H., Hayashi, T., Ozaki, S., & Ishii, M. 2002, PASJ, 54, 393
28. Hernquist, L. 1992, ApJ, 400, 460
29. Hernquist, L., & Mihos, J. C. 1995, ApJ, 448, 41
30. _. 1995, AJ, 110, 140
31. Hibbard, J. E., Guhathakurta, P., van Gorkom, J. H., & Schweizer, F. 1994, AJ, 107, 67
32. Hibbard, J. E., van der Hulst, J. M., Barnes, J. E., & Rich, R. M. 2001, AJ, 122, 2969
33. Hibbard, J. E., & van Gorkom, J. H. 1996, AJ, 111, 655
34. Hibbard, J. E., & Yun, M. S. 1999, ApJ, 522, L93
35. Holtzman, J. A., Burrows, C. J., Casertano, S., Hester, J. J., Trauger, J. T., Watson, A. M., & Worthey, G. 1995, PASP, 107, 1065
36. Hutchings, J. B., & Neff, S. G. 1992, AJ, 104, 1
37. Joseph, R. D., & Wright, G. S. 1985, MNRAS, 214, 87
38. Joy, M., & Harvey, P. M. 1987, ApJ, 315, 480
39. Keel, W. C., Kennicutt, R. C., Jr., Hummel, E., & van der Hulst, J. M. 1985, AJ, 90, 708
40. Kewley, L. J., Heisler, C. A., Dopita, M. A., & Lumsden, S. 2001, ApJS, 132, 37
41. Kotilainen, J. K., Moorwood, A. F. M., Ward, M. J., & Forbes, D. A. 1996, A&A, 305, 107
42. Kotilainen, J. K., Reunanen, J., Laine, S., & Ryder, S. D. 2001, A&A, 366, 439
43. Landini,M., Natta,A., Oliva,E., Salinari,P., & Moorwood,A.F.M. 1984, A&A, 134, 284
44. Lipari,S., Díaz,R., Taniguchi,Y., Terlevich,R., Dottori,H., & Carranza,G. 2000, AJ, 120, 645
45. Lira,P., Ward,M.J., Zezas,A., Alonso-Herrero,A., & Ueno,S. 2002, MNRAS, 330, 259
46. Lonsdale,C.J., Persson,S.E., & Matthews,K. 1984, ApJ, 287, 95
47. Mengel, S., Lehnert, M. D., Thatte, N., Tacconi-Garman, L. E., & Genzel, R. 2001, ApJ, 550, 280
48. Mihos, J. C., Bothun, G. D., & Richstone, D. O. 1993, ApJ, 418, 82
49. Mihos, J. C., Dubinski, J., & Hernquist, L. 1998, ApJ, 494, 183
50. Mihos, J. C., & Hernquist, L. 1994a, ApJ, 431, L9
51. _. 1994b, ApJ, 437, L47
52. _. 1996, ApJ, 464, 641
53. Mihos, J. C., McGaugh S. S., & de Blok, W. J. G. 1997, ApJ, 477, L79
54. Miller, B. W., Whitmore, B. C., Schweizer, F., & Fall, S. M. 1997, AJ, 114, 2381
55. Milosavljević, M., & Merritt, D. 2001, ApJ, 563, 34
56. Neff, S. G., & Ulvestad, J. S. 2000, AJ, 120, 670
57. Noguchi, M. 1988, A&A, 201, 37
58. Norris, R. P., & Forbes, D. A. 1995, ApJ, 446, 594
59. Quinlan, G. D., & Hernquist, L. 1997, NewA, 2, 533
60. Quinlan, G. D., Hernquist, L., & Sigurdsson, S. 1995, ApJ, 440, 554
61. Rafanelli, P., & Marziani, P. 1992, AJ, 103, 743
62. Read, A. M., & Ponman, T. J. 1998, MNRAS, 297, 143
63. Ridgway, S. G., Wynn-Williams, C. G., & Becklin, E. E. 1994, ApJ, 428, 609
64. Sanders, D. B., Scoville, N. Z., Sargent, A. I., & Soifer, B. T. 1988b, ApJ, 324, L55
65. Sanders, D. B., Soifer, B. T., Elias, J. H., Madore, B. F., Matthews, K., Neugebauer, G., & Scoville, N. Z. 1988a, ApJ, 325, 74
66. Schweizer, F. 1982, ApJ, 252, 455
67. _. 1990, in Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies, ed. R. Wielen (Heidelberg: Springer), 60
68. _. 1996, AJ, 111, 109
69. _. 1998, in Galaxies: Interactions and Induced Star Formation, Saas-Fee Advanced Course 26, ed. D. Friedli, L. Martinet, & D. Pfenniger (New York: Springer), 105
70. Schweizer, F., Miller, B. W., Whitmore, B. C., & Fall, S. M. 1996, AJ, 112, 1839
71. Scoville, N. Z., et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 991
72. Springel, V., & White, S. D. M. 1999, MNRAS, 307, 162
73. Stanford, S. A., & Balcells, M. 1990, ApJ, 355, 59
74. _. 1991, ApJ, 370, 118
75. Stanford, S. A., & Bushouse, H. A. 1991, ApJ, 371, 92
76. Stauffer, J. R. 1982a, ApJ, 262, 66
77. _. 1982b, ApJS, 50, 517
78. Surace, J. A., Sanders, D. B., & Evans, A. S. 2001, AJ, 122, 2791
79. Toomre, A. 1977, in The Evolution of Galaxies and Stellar Populations, ed. B. M. Tinsley & R. B. Larson (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press), 401
80. Toomre, A., & Toomre, J. 1972, ApJ, 178, 623
81. Vacci, L., Alonso-Herrero, A., & Rieke, G. H. 1998, ApJ, 504, 93
82. van der Marel, R. P., et al. 2003, in preparation
83. van der Marel, R. P., & Zurek, D. 2000, in ASP Conf. Ser. 197, Dynamics of Galaxies: From the Early Universe to the Present, ed. F. Combes, G. A. Mamon, & V. Charmandaris (San Francisco: ASP), 323
84. Veilleux, S., Kim, D.-C., Sanders, D. B., Mazzarella, J. M., & Soifer, B. T. 1995, ApJS, 98, 171
85. Verdoes Kleijn, G. A., Baum, S. A., de Zeeuw, P. T., & O'Dea, C. P. 1999, AJ, 118, 2592
86. Véron-Cetty, M.-P., & Véron, P. 1986, A&AS, 66, 335
87. Wang, Z., Schweizer, F., & Scoville, N. Z. 1992, ApJ, 396, 510
88. Weedman, D. 1983, ApJ, 266, 479
89. Whitmore, B. C., Miller, B. W., Schweizer, F., & Fall, S. M. 1997, AJ, 114, 1797
90. Whitmore, B. C., & Schweizer, F. 1995, AJ, 109, 960
91. Whitmore, B. C., Zhang, Q., Leitherer, C., Fall, S. M., Schweizer, F., & Miller, B. W. 1999, AJ, 118, 1551
92. Young, P. J. 1980, ApJ, 242, 1232
93. Yun, M. S., & Hibbard, J. E. 2001, ApJ, 550, 104
94. Zepf, S. E., Ashman, K. M., English, J., Freeman, K. C., & Sharples, R. M. 1999, AJ, 118, 752
95. Zezas, A., Fabbiano, G., Rots, A. H., & Murray, S. S. 2002a, ApJ, 577, 710
96. _. 2002b, ApJS, 142, 239
97. Zhang, Q., Fall, S. M., & Whitmore, B. C. 2001, ApJ, 561, 727
98. Zwicky, F. 1950, Experentia, 6, 441
99. _. 1956, Ergeb. Exakten Naturwiss., 29, 344
100. _. 1964, ApJ, 140, 1467