The X-ray evolution of merging galaxies

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Volumn 297, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 143-176

  Read, A M ^a,b   Ponman, T J ^b  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR EXTRATERRESTRISCHE PHYSIK   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Galaxies: evolution; Galaxies: general; Galaxies: interactions; Galaxies: ISM; Galaxies: peculiar; X rays: galaxies

Indexed keywords

LUMINANCE; MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS; MERGING;

ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; GALAXIES GENERAL; GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS; GALAXIES: ISM; GALAXIES: PECULIAR; GALAXY EVOLUTION; HOT GAS; X-RAY LUMINOSITY; X-RAY PROPERTIES; X-RAYS: GALAXIES;

GALAXIES;

EID: 1842638219     PISSN: 00358711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01445.x     Document Type: Article

References (131)

1. Amram P., Marcelin M., Boulesteix J., le Coarer E., 1992, A&A, 2676, 106
2. Armus L., Heckman T. M., Miley G. K., 1990, ApJ, 364, 471
3. Armus L., Neugebauer G., Soifer B. T., Matthews K., 1995, AJ, 110, 2610
4. Arp H., 1967, ApJ, 148, 321
5. Arp H., 1987, in Hewitt A., Burbidge G., Fang L. Z., eds, Observational Cosmology. Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 502
6. Arp H. C., Madore B. F., 1987, A Catalogue of Southern Peculiar Galaxies and Associations. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
7. Baan W. A., Haschick A. D., Buckley D., Schmeltz J. T., 1985, ApJ, 293, 394
8. Baan W. A., van Gorkom J., Schmelz J., Mirabel I. F., 1987, ApJ, 313, 102
9. Barnes J. E., 1988, ApJ, 331, 699
10. Barnes J. E., 1992, ApJ, 393, 484
11. Barnes J. E., Hernquist L., 1991, ApJ, 370, L65
12. Barnes J. E., Hernquist L., 1996, ApJ, 471, 115
13. Bernlöhr K., 1993, A&A, 270, 20
14. Borne K. D., Richstone D. O., 1991, ApJ, 369, 111
15. Branduardi-Raymont G. et al., 1994, MNRAS, 270, 947
16. Bregman J. N., Pildis R. A., 1994, ApJ, 420, 570
17. Bushouse H. A., Werner M. W., 1990, ApJ, 359, 72
18. Cash W., 1979, ApJ, 228, 939
19. Casoli F., Combes F., Dupraz C., Gerin M., Encrenaz P., Salez M., 1988, A&A, 192, L17
20. Casoli F., Dupraz C., Combes F., Kazes I., 1991, A&A, 251, 1
21. Cayatte V., Kotanyi C., Balkowski C., van Gorkom J. H., 1994, AJ, 107, 1003
22. Condon J. J., 1980, ApJ, 242, 894
23. Condon J. J., Broderick J. J., 1986, AJ, 92, 94
24. Condon J. J., Condon M. E., Gisler G., Puschell J. J., 1982, ApJ, 252, 102
25. Condon J. J., Helou G., Sanders D. B., Soifer B. T., 1990, ApJS, 73, 359
26. David L. P., Harnden F. R., Keans K. E., Zombeck M. V., 1993, The ROSAT High Resolution Imager (HRI), US ROSAT Science Data Center/SAO
27. Davis L. E., Seaquist E. R., 1983, ApJS, 53, 269
28. de Vaucouleurs G., de Vaucouleurs A., Corwin H. G., Jr, 1976, Second Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies (RCBG). University of Texas Press, Austin
29. de Vaucouleurs G., de Vaucouleurs A., Corwin H. G., Jr, Buta R. J., Paturel G., Fouqué P., 1991, Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies (RC3). Springer-Verlag, New York
30. Devereux N. A., Eales S. A., 1989, ApJ, 340, 708
31. Dressler A., Gunn J. E., 1983, ApJ, 270, 7
32. Dreyer J. L. E., 1988, NGC 2000.0, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
33. Eales S. A., Arnaud K. A., 1988, ApJ, 324, 193
34. Fabbiano G., 1988, ApJ, 330, 672
35. Fabbiano G., 1989, ARA&A, 27, 87
36. fabbiano G., Trinchieri G., 1983, ApJ, 266, L5
37. Fabbiano G., Kim D.-W., Trinchieri G., 1992, ApJS, 80, 531
38. Fabbiano G., Schweizer F., Mackie G., 1996, ApJ, 478, 542
39. Forman W. R., Jones C., David L., Franx M., Makishima K., Ohashi T., 1993, ApJ, 418, L55
40. Fraser G. W., 1992, in Proc. ESA Symposium on Photon Detectors for Space Instrumentation, p. 97
41. Fricke K. J., Papaderos P., 1996, in Zimmerman H. U., Trümper J. E., Yorke H., eds, Röntgenstrahlung from the Universe. MPE report 263, p. 377, Garching
42. Fritze-von Alvensleben U., Gerhard O. E., 1994, A&A, 285, 775
43. Gull s. F., 1989, in Skilling J., ed., Maximum entropy and Bayesian methods. Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, p. 53
44. Harwitty M., Houck J. R., Soifer B. T., Palumbo G. G. C., 1987, ApJ, 315, 28
45. Hasinger G., Turner T. J., George I. M., Boese G., 1992, OGIP calibration memo CAL/ROS/92-001
46. Heckman T. M., 1983, ApJ, 268, 628
47. Heckman T. M., 1993, in Schlegel E. M., Petre R., eds, AIP Conf. Proc. 313, The Soft X-ray Cosmos. AIP Press, Woodbury, NY, p. 139
48. Heckman T. M., Armus L., Miley G. K., 1987, AJ, 92, 276
49. Heckman T. M., Armus L., Miley G. K., 1990, ApJS, 74, 833
50. Heckman T. M., Lehnert M. D., Armus L., 1993, in Shull J. M., Thronson H. A., eds, The Environment and Evolution of Galaxies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 455
51. Heckman T. M., Dahlem M., Eales S. A., Fabbiano G., Weaver K., 1996, ApJ, 457, 616
52. Hernquist L., 1993, in Shull J. M., Thronson H. A., eds, The Environment and Evolution of Galaxies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 327
53. Hibbard J. E., Mihos J. C., 1995, AJ, 110, 140
54. Hibbard J. E., van Gorkom J. H., 1996, AJ, 111, 655
55. Hibbard J. E., Guhathakurta P., van Gorkom J. H., Schweizer F., 1994, AJ, 107, 67
56. Huang Z. P., Yin Q. F., Saslaw W. C., Heeschen D. S., 1994, 423, 614
57. Hubble E., 1936, The Realm of the Nebulae. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven
58. Hummel E., van der Hulst J. M., 1986, A&A, 155, 151
59. Jog C. J., Solomon P. M., 1992, ApJ, 387, 152
60. Joseph R. D., Wright G. S., 1985, MNRAS, 214, 87
61. Joy M., Harvey P. M., 1987, ApJ, 315, 480
62. Keel W. C., 1986, ApJ, 302, 296
63. Kompaneets A. S., 1960, Soviet Phys. Dokl., 5, 46
64. Lake G., Dressler A., 1986, ApJ, 310, 605
65. Larson R. B., Tinsley B. M., 1978, ApJ, 219, 46
66. Lonsdale C. J., Diamond P. J., Smith H. E., 1994, Nat, 370, 117
67. Lynden-Bell D., 1967, MNRAS, 136, 101
68. Mackie G., Fabbiano G., 1997, in Arnaboldi M., Da Costa G. S., Saha P., eds, The Second Stromlo Symposium: The Nature of Elliptical Galaxies. ASP, San Francisco, p. 1
69. Majewski S., Herald M., Koo D., Illingworth G., Heckman T. M., 1993, ApJ, 402, 125
70. Matsushita K. et al., 1994, ApJ, 436, L41
71. Mac Low M.-M., McCray R., 1988, ApJ, 324, 776
72. Mihos J. C., Hernquist L., 1994, ApJ, 431, L9
73. Mihos J. C., Hernquist L., 1996, ApJ, 464, 641
74. Mihos J. C., Bothun G. D., Richstone D. O., 1993, ApJ, 418, 82
75. Mirabel I. F., Dottori H., Lutz D., 1992, A&A, 256, L19
76. Mulchaey J. S., Davis D. S., Mushotzky R. F., Burstein D., 1996, ApJ, 456, 80
77. Pfeffermann E. et al., 1986, Proc. SPIE, 733, 519
78. Pietsch W., 1992, in Thuan T. X., Balkowski C., Thanh Van J. T., eds, Physics of Nearby Galaxies: Nature or Nurture? Editions Frontiers, France, p. 76
79. Ponman T. J., Bourner P. D. J., Ebeling H., Böhringer H., 1996, MNRAS, 283, 690
80. Prestwich A. H., Joseph R. D., Wright G. S., 1994, ApJ, 422, 73
81. Quinn P. J., Hernquist L., Fullager D. P., 1993, ApJ, 403, 74
82. Rangarajan F. V. N., Fabian A. C., Forman W. R., Jones C., 1995, MNRAS, 272, 665
83. Raymond J. C., Smith B. W., 1977, ApJS, 35, 419
84. Read A. M., Ponman T. J., 1995, MNRAS, 276, 1327
85. Read A. M., Ponman T. J., Wolstencroft R. D., 1995, MNRAS, 277, 397
86. Read A. M., Ponman T. J., Strickland D. K., 1997, MNRAS, 286, 626
87. Roche N., Shanks T., Georgantopoulos I., Stewart G. C., Boyle B. J., Griffiths R. E., 1995, MNRAS, 273, L15
88. Rowan-Robinson M., Crawford J., 1989, MNRAS, 238, 523
89. Rubin V., Ford W. K., Jr, D'odorico S., 1970, ApJ, 160, 801
90. Sanders D. B., Scoville N. Z., Young J. S., Soifer B. T., Schloerb F. P., Rice W. L., Danielson G., E., 1986, ApJ, 305, L45
91. Sanders D. B., Scoville N. Z., Sargent A. I., Soifer B. T., 1988a, ApJ, 324, L55
92. Sanders D. B., Soifer B. T., Elias J. H., Madore B. F., Matthews K., Neuebauer G., Scoville N. Z., 1988b, ApJ, 325, 74
93. Saslaw W. C., Valtonen M. J., Aarseth S. J., 1974, ApJ, 190, 253
94. Schombert J. M., Wallin J. F., Struck-Marcell C., 1990, AJ, 99, 497
95. Schweizer F., 1978, in Berkhuijsen E. M., Wielebinski R., eds, Structure and Properties of Nearby Galaxies. Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 279
96. Schweizer F., 1982, ApJ, 252, 455
97. Schweizer F., 1986, Sci, 231, 227
98. Schweizer F., 1989, Nat, 338, 119
99. Schweizer F., 1990, in Wielen R., ed., Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies. Sprionger, Heidelberg, p. 60
100. Schweizer F., 1996, AJ, 111, 109
101. Scoville N., Soifer B. T., 1991, in Leitherer C., Walborn N., Norman C., Heackman T., eds, Massive Stars in Starburst Galaxies. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, p. 233
102. Sekiguchi K., Wolstencroft R. D., 1993, MNRAS, 263, 349
103. Skilling J., 1989, in Skilling J., ed., Maximum entropy and Bayesian methods. Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, p. 45
104. Smith E. P., Hintzen P., 1991, AJ, 101, 410
105. Snowden S. L., McCammon D., Burrows D., Mendenhall J., 1994, ApJ, 424, 714
106. Soifer B. T., Sanders D. B., Madore B. F., Neugebauer G., Danielson G. E., Elias J. H., Lonsdale C. J., Rice W. L., 1987, ApJ, 320, 238
107. Solomon P. M., Sage L. J., 1988, ApJ, 334, 613
108. Stanford S. A., 1991, ApJ, 381, 409
109. Stanford S. A., Balcells M., 1990, ApJ, 355, 59
110. Stanford S. A., Balcells M., 1991, ApJ, 370, 118
111. Stanford S. A., Bushouse H. A., 1991, ApJ, 371, 92
112. Stanford S. A., Sargent A. I., Sanders D. B., Scoville N. Z., 1990, ApJ, 349, 492
113. Strickland D. K., Ponman T. J., Stevens I. R., 1997, A&A, 320, 378
114. Suchkov A. A., Balsara D. S., heckman T. M., Leitherer C., 1994, ApJ, 430, 511
115. Takase B., Miyauchi-Isobe N., 1984, Ann. Tokyo Astron. Obs., Second Ser., 19, 595
116. Telesco C. M., Wolstencroft R. D., Done C., 1988, ApJ, 329, 174
117. Toomre A., 1977, in Tinsky B. M., Larson R. B., eds, Evolution of Galaxies and Stellar Populations. Yale University Obsrvatory, New Hven, p. 401
118. Toomre A., Toomre J., 1972, ApJ, 178, 623
119. Tovmasyan H. M., Sramek R. A., 1976, Afz, 12, 21
120. Tully R. B., 1988, Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
121. van Albada T. S., 1982, MNRAS, 201, 939
122. van der Hulst J. M., 1979, A&A, 71, 131
123. Vigroux L. et al., 1996, A&A, 315, L96
124. Vorontsov-Velyaminov B. A., 1959, Atlas and Catalogue of Interacting Galaxies, Sternberg State Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University
125. Wang Q. D., Walterbos R. A. M., Steakley M. F., Norman C. A., Braun R. A., 1995, ApJ, 439, 176
126. Watson M. G., Stanger V., Griffiths R. E., 1984, ApJ,
127. Wevers B. H. M. R., van der Kruit P. C., Allen R. J., 1986, A&AS, 66, 505
128. Wilson C. D., Elvis M., Lawrence A., Bland-Hawthorn J., 1992, ApJ, 391, L75
129. Wolstencroft R. D., 1988, in Bertola F., Sulentic J. W., Madore B. F., eds, New Ideas in Astronomy. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, p. 79
130. Wright G. S., James P. A., Joseph R. D., McLean I. S., 1990, Nat, 344, 417
131. Young J. S., Knezec P. M., 1989, ApJ, 347, L55