Atherothrombosis: Management of patients at risk

International Journal of Clinical Practice

Volumn 59, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 407-414

  Mas, Jean Louis ^a  

^a CENTRE HOSPITALIER SAINTE ANNE   (France)

Author keywords

Atherothrombosis; Cardiovascular disease; Peripheral arterial disease; Prevention; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; AMLODIPINE; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ATENOLOL; ATORVASTATIN; CAPTOPRIL; CHLORTALIDONE; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIPYRIDAMOLE; DOXAZOSIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENT; LINOLENIC ACID; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; RAMIPRIL; SIMVASTATIN; TELMISARTAN; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALSARTAN; WARFARIN; XIMELAGATRAN;

ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION; BLEEDING DISORDER; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC DIET; DIET THERAPY; DRUG ELIMINATION; HEART INFARCTION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LIFESTYLE; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; META ANALYSIS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; OBESITY; PATIENT CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK REDUCTION; SMOKING CESSATION; SMOKING HABIT; THROMBOGENESIS; TREATMENT PLANNING; VASCULAR DISEASE; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; DIET; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; LIFE STYLE; RISK FACTORS; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 16344384004     PISSN: 13685031     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2005.00512.x     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. The World Health Report 2001. Geneva: WHO, 2001.
2. World Health Organization. World Health Statistics Annual 1995 B800-B818. Geneva: WHO, 1996.
3. American Heart Association. 2002 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. AHA 2002.
4. American Heart Association. Heart and Stroke Facts. Statistical Update. 2002.
5. Drouet L. Atherothrombosis as a systemic disease. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002; 13 (Suppl. 1): 1-6.
6. Libby P. Vascular biology of atherosclerosis: overview and state of the art. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 3A-6A.
7. Gupta A, Pansari K. The association between blood coagulation markers, atherothrombosis and dementia. Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57: 107-11.
8. Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 2002; 420: 868-74.
9. Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: part I: general considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. Circulation 2001; 104: 2746-53.
10. Grundy SM, Pasternak R, Greenland P, Smith S Jr, Fuster V. Assessment of cardiovascular risk by use of multiple-risk-factor assessment equations: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. Circulation 1999; 100: 1481-92.
11. Smith SC Jr, Greenland P, Grundy SM. AHA Conference Proceedings. Prevention conference V: Beyond secondary prevention: Identifying the high-risk patient for primary prevention: executive summary. American Heart Association. Circulation 2000; 101: 111-6.
12. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet 1996; 348: 1329-39.
13. Newman AB, Shemanski L, Manolio TA et al. Ankle-arm index as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study. The Cardiovascular Health Study Group. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19: 538-45.
14. Lichtman JH, Krumholz HM, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Brass LM. Risk and predictors of stroke after myocardial infarction among the elderly: results from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. Circulation 2002; 105: 1082-7.
15. Kuller LH, Velentgas P, Barzilay J, Beauchamp NJ, O'Leary DH, Savage PJ. Diabetes mellitus: subclinical cardiovascular disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20: 823-9.
16. Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM et al. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-SODIUM collaborative research group. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 3-10.
17. Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: Diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet 1989; 2: 757-61.
18. Ka H, Song Y, Daviglus M et al. Accumulated Evidence on Fish Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality. A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Circulation 2004; 109: 2705-11.
19. de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, Mamelle N. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation 1999; 99: 779-85.
20. Trichopoulou A, Costacou T, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2595-6.
21. Singh RB, Dubnov G, Niaz MA et al. Effect of an Indo-Mediterranean diet on progression of coronary artery disease in high risk patients (Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study): a randomised single-blind trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1455-61.
22. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: Results of the GISSI-PREVENZIONE trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio Della Sopravvivenza Nell'infarto Miocardico. Lancet 1999; 354: 447-55.
23. Godtfredsen NS, Osler M, Vestbo J, Andersen I, Prescott E. Smoking reduction, smoking cessation, and incidence of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction in Denmark 1976-98: a pooled cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003; 57: 412-6.
24. Thompson PD, Buchner D, Piña IL et al. Exercise and Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. A Statement From the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity). Circulation 2003; 107: 3109-16.
25. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of perindropril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001; 358: 1033-41.
26. EUROPA Investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 2003; 362: 782-8.
27. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 145-53.
28. Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin vs chlorthalidone: The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. JAMA 2000; 283: 1967-75.
29. Dahlof B, Burke TA, Krobot K et al. Population impact of losartan use on stroke in the European Union (EU): Projections from the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. J Hum Hypertens 2004; 18: 367-73.
30. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 861-9.
31. Dickstein K, Kjekshus J. Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: The OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Optimal trial in myocardial infarction with angiotensin II antagonist losartan. Lancet 2002; 360: 752-60.
32. Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M et al. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: The VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 2022-31.
33. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 333 1301-7.
34. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Tyroler HA et al. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TEXCAPS): additional perspectives on tolerability of long-term treatment with lovastatin. Am J Cordiol 2001; 87: 1074-9.
35. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-9.
36. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998; 339 1349-57.
37. Pfeffer MA, Sacks FM, Moye LA et al. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events: a secondary prevention trial for normolipidemic patients. CARE Investigators. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76: 98C-106C.
38. MRC/BHF. Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 7-22.
39. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1623-30.
40. American. Diabetes Association, 64th Annual Scientific Sessions, June 2004. Abstract No, 15-LB.
41. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 324: 71-86.
42. Forbes CD. Secondary stroke prevention with low-dose aspirin, sustained release dipyridamole alone and in combination. ESPS Investigators. European Stroke Prevention Study. Thromb Res 1998; 92 (1 Suppl. 1): S1-6.
43. De Schryver ELLM, Algra A, van Gijn J. Dipyramidole for Preventing Stroke and Other Vascular Events in Patients with Vascular Disease (Cochrane Review). In the Cochrane Library. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2004.
44. Hankey GJ. Ongoing and planned trials of antiplatelet therapy in the acute and long-term management of patients with ischaemic brain syndromes: setting a new standard of care. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004; 17 (Suppl. 3): 11-6.
45. Hart RG, Benavente O, McBride R, Pearce LA. Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131: 492-501.
46. Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke. EAFT (European Atrial Fibrillation Trial) Study Group. Lancet 1993; 342: 1255-62.
47. Serlin MJ, Breckenridge AM. Drug interactions with warfarin. Drugs 1983 June; 25: 610-20.
48. Takahashi H, Echizen H. Pharmacogenetics of warfarin elimination and its clinical implications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2001; 40: 587-603.
49. Olsson SB. Stroke prevention with the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran compared with warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (SPORTIF III): Randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 362: 1691-8.
50. Fisher LD, Gent M, Büller HR. Active-control trials: how would a new agent compare with placebo? A method illustrated with clopidogrel, aspirin, and placebo. Am Heart J 2001; 141: 26-32.
51. The CURE Trial Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 494-502.
52. Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM et al. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364: 331-7.
53. Rothwell PM. Lessons from MATCH for future randomised trials in secondary prevention of stroke. Lancet 2004; 364: 305-7.
54. Bhatt DL, Topol EJ. Clopidogrel added to aspirin versus aspirin alone in secondary prevention and high-risk primary prevention: rationale and design of the Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance (CHARISMA) trial. Am Heart J 2004; 148: 263-8.