Tonight's top story: Commercial content in television news

Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly

Volumn 81, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 807-822

  Wood, Michelle L M ^a   Nelson, Michelle R ^a   Cho, Jaeho ^a   Yaros, Ronald A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADVERTISING;

EID: 16344362543     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769900408100406     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. L. J. Shrum, James E. Burroughs, and Aric Rindfleisch, "Does Television Promote Materialism? Cultivating Desire for the Good Life" (paper presented at the annual conference of the International Communication Association, San Diego, CA, May 2003).
2. Anthony R. Pratkanis and Elliot Aronson, Age of Propaganda: The Everyday Use and Abuse of Persuasion (NY: W. H. Freeman and Company, 2001), 4.
3. Pratkanis and Aronson, Age of Propaganda, 4.
4. Deborah Potter, "News for Sale," American Journalism Review 23 (September 2001): 68;
5. Jim McElgunn, "TV Must Keep Public Trust," Marketing Magazine 97 (23 March 1992): 11.
6. Monroe Friedman, "The Changing Language of a Consumer Society: Brand Name Usage in Popular American Novels in the Postwar Era," Journal of Consumer Research 11 (March 1985): 927-38;
7. Monroe Friedman, "Commercial Influences in the Lyrics of Popular American Music of the Postwar Era," Journal of Consumer Affairs 20 (winter 1986): 193-213;
8. Monroe Friedman, "Commercial Influences in Popular Literature: An Empirical Study of Brand Name Usage in American and British Hit Plays in the Postwar Era," Empirical Studies of the Arts 4 (1, 1986): 63-77.
9. Barry S. Sapolsky and Lance Kinney, "You Oughta Be in Pictures: Product Placements in the Top-Grossing Films of 1991," Proceedings of the 1994 Conference of the American Academy of Advertising, ed. Karen Whitehall King (Athens, GA: University of Georgia, 1994), 89;
10. Marilyn L. Troup, "The Captive Audience: A Content Analysis of Product Placements in Motion Pictures" (master's thesis, Florida State University, 1991).
11. Rosellina Ferraro and Rosemary J. Avery, "Brand Appearances on Prime-Time Television," Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising 22 (fall 2000): 1-15;
12. Adrienne Ward Fawcett, "Free TV 'Ad Plugs' Are on the Rise," Advertising Age, 12 July 1993, 21;
13. Scott Hume, "Free 'Plugs' Supply Ad Power," Advertising Age, 29 January 1990, 6.
14. Steven H. Chaffee, Xinshu Zhao, and Glenn Leshner, "Political Knowledge and the Campaign Media of 1992," Communication Research 21 (June 1994): 305-324;
15. Jack M. McLeod and Daniel McDonald, "Beyond Simple Exposure: Media Orientations and Their Impact on Political Processes," Communication Research 12 (January 1985): 3-33;
16. Dhavan V. Shah, "Civic Engagement, Interpersonal Trust, and Television Use: An Individual-Level Assessment of Social Capital," Political Psychology 19 (September 1998): 469-96.
17. Sidney Verba, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady, Voice and Equality: Civic Volunteerism in American Politics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), 535-70.
18. Pippa Norris, "Does Television Erode Social Capital? A Reply to Putnam," Political Science and Politics 29 (September 1996): 474-80.
19. Robin Anderson, Consumer Culture and TV Programming (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995), 14-50.
20. Pamela J. Shoemaker and Stephen D. Reese, Mediating the Message: Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content (White Plains, NY: Longman, 1996), 175-220.
21. Ben H. Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly: With a New Preface on the Internet and Telecommunications Cartels, 6th ed. (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2000).
22. Dmitri Williams, "Synergy Bias: Conglomerates and Promotion in the News," Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 46 (September 2002): 453-72.
23. Williams, "Synergy Bias," 453.
24. Ken Auletta, Three Blind Mice: How the TV Networks Lost Their Way (NY: Random House, 1991).
25. Auletta, Three Blind Mice, 564.
26. Potter, "News for Sale," 68.
27. Potter, "News for Sale," 68.
28. Barbara Cochran, "Keeping Ad Sales Influence Out of News," Communicator 57 (December 2003): 16.
29. Radio-Television News Directors Association, Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, 14 September 2000, (8 January 2004).
30. Robert Pear, "U.S. Videos, for TV News, Come Under Scrutiny," New York Times, 15 March 2004, sec. A, p. 1.
31. Mark D. Harmon and Candace White, "How Television News Programs Use Video News Releases," Public Relations Review 27 (summer 2001): 213-22.
32. Rosemary J. Avery and Rosellina Ferraro, "Verisimilitude or Advertising? Brand Appearances on Prime-Time Television," The Journal of Consumer Affairs 34 (winter 2000): 217-44.
33. Hume, "Free 'Plugs,'" 6;
34. Fawcett, "Free TV 'Ad Plugs,'" 21
35. Avery and Ferraro, "Verisimilitude or Advertising?," 217-44;
36. Ferraro and Avery, "Brand Appearances," 1-15.
37. Avery and Ferraro, "Verisimilitude or Advertising?," 240.
38. Arthur E. Rowse, Drive-By Journalism: The Assault on Your Need to Know (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 2000), 185-87.
39. Williams, "Synergy Bias," 453-72.
40. Matthew P. McAllister, "Television News Plugola and the Last Episode of Seinfeld," Journal of Communication 52 (June 2002): 383-401.
41. Fawcett, "Free TV 'Ad Plugs,"' 21.
42. Hyuhn-Suhck Bae, "Product Differentiation in National TV Newscasts: A Comparison of the Cable All-News Networks and the Broadcast Networks," Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 44 (winter 2000): 62-77.
43. Guido H. Stempel, "Topic and Story Choice of Five Network Newscasts," Journalism Quarterly 65 (fall 1988): 750-52.
44. Stempel, "Topic and Story Choice," 751-52.
45. FOX 47, "Homepage," 4 September 2003, (4 September 2003).
46. PBS, "About PBS: Corporate Facts," 7 September 2004, (7 September 2004).
47. The following is a summary of the audience ratings and shares for the local broadcast stations within the target market during the period of analysis. Ratings data were not available for CNN programming. A rating represents the percent of total households within the designated target market that are tuned to the news program. A share is the percentage of TV households with sets turned on that are tuned to the news program. CBS Evening News had the highest ratings for the 5:30 p.m. time slot (11 rating, 26 share), followed by NBC Nightly News (8 rating, 18 share), and ABC World News Tonight (6 rating, 15 share). For the 6 p.m. time period, the news program on the local CBS affiliate had the largest audience (13 rating, 27 share), followed by local news on the NBC affiliate (7 rating, 16 share), local news on the ABC affiliate (7 rating, 14 share), and NewsHour on the local PBS affiliate (2 rating, 4 share). At 9 p.m., local news on the market's FOX affiliate ranked third (8 rating, 15 share) when the other broadcast stations in the target market featured entertainment programming; Nielsen Media Research, "DMA Local Rankings," 30 January-26 February 2003.
48. William D. Perreault and Laurence E. Leigh, "Reliability of Nominal Data Based on Qualitative Judgements," Journal of Marketing Research 26 (May 1989): 135-48.
49. Bae, "Product Differentiation," 68.
50. Ferraro and Avery, "Brand Appearances," 6.
51. Graham Murdock, "Embedded Persuasions: The Fall and Rise of Integrated Advertising," in Come on Down?: Popular Media Culture in Post-War Great Britain, ed. Dominic Strinati and Stephen Wagg (London: Routledge, 1992), 202-231.
52. Matthew P. McAllister, The Commercialization of American Culture: New Advertising, Control, and Democracy (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996), 210-11.
53. Harmon and White, "How Television News Programs Use Video News Releases," 220.
54. John Zaller, "A New Standard of News Quality: Burglar Alarms for the Monitorial Citizen," Political Communication 20 (April 2003): 109-130.
55. Zaller, "A New Standard," 116.