Conventional war across the Taiwan Strait

Orbis

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 577-607

  Chang, Felix K ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 16144367482     PISSN: 00304387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0030-4387(96)90020-4     Document Type: Article

References (226)

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59. Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1995-1996, p. 30, 154-155; Laur and Llanso, Encyclopedia of Modem US. Military Weapons, pp. 324, 326, 355-356; and Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1992-1993, pp. 71, 77 123.
60. Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1995-1996, p. 30, 154-155; Laur and Llanso, Encyclopedia of Modem US. Military Weapons, pp. 324, 326, 355-356; and Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1992-1993, pp. 71, 77 123.
61. Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1995-1996, p. 30, 154-155; Laur and Llanso, Encyclopedia of Modem US. Military Weapons, pp. 324, 326, 355-356; and Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1992-1993, pp. 71, 77 123.
62. Cullen and Foss, eds., Jane's LAD 1995-1996, p. 154.
63. Duncan Lennox, ed., Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems (hereafter Jane's SWS) (Surrey, England: Jane's Information Group Limited), issues 5, 11; Cullen and Foss, eds., Jane's LAD 1995-1996, pp. 22, 342; Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1995-1996, pp. 30, 154-155; and Blake , ed., Jane's REWS 1995-1996, pp. 123.
64. Duncan Lennox, ed., Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems (hereafter Jane's SWS) (Surrey, England: Jane's Information Group Limited), issues 5, 11; Cullen and Foss, eds., Jane's LAD 1995-1996, pp. 22, 342; Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1995-1996, pp. 30, 154-155; and Blake , ed., Jane's REWS 1995-1996, pp. 123.
65. Duncan Lennox, ed., Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems (hereafter Jane's SWS) (Surrey, England: Jane's Information Group Limited), issues 5, 11; Cullen and Foss, eds., Jane's LAD 1995-1996, pp. 22, 342; Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1995-1996, pp. 30, 154-155; and Blake , ed., Jane's REWS 1995-1996, pp. 123.
66. Duncan Lennox, ed., Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems (hereafter Jane's SWS) (Surrey, England: Jane's Information Group Limited), issues 5, 11; Cullen and Foss, eds., Jane's LAD 1995-1996, pp. 22, 342; Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1995-1996, pp. 30, 154-155; and Blake , ed., Jane's REWS 1995-1996, pp. 123.
67. Cullen and Foss, eds., Jane's LAD 1995-1996, p. 22.
68. We Must Defend Ourselves. Newsweek. May 20, 1996;38.
69. See Chinese Threat Prompts Taiwan Budget Rise. Jane's Defence Weekly. June 12, 1996;19.
70. Mirage for Taiwan. Jane's Defence Weekly. May 29, 1996;13.
71. Jackson, Munson, and Taylor, eds., Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1995-1996, p. 574.
72. See Kahn Joseph, Rosett Claudia. China and Russia Rekindle Their Romance. Wall Street Journal. Apr. 24, 1996.
73. Tyler Patrick E. China to Buy 72 Advanced Fighter Planes From Russia. New York Times. Feb. 7, 1996.
74. Allen, Krumel and Pollack, China's Air Force Enters the 21st Century, pp. 125, 130, 206; Jackson, Munson and Taylor, eds., Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1995-1996, pp. 62, 84-88, 431-432, 569-576; IISS, The Military Balance 1995/96, pp. 171, 193;
75. Allen, Krumel and Pollack, China's Air Force Enters the 21st Century, pp. 125, 130, 206; Jackson, Munson and Taylor, eds., Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1995-1996, pp. 62, 84-88, 431-432, 569-576; IISS, The Military Balance 1995/96, pp. 171, 193;
76. Allen, Krumel and Pollack, China's Air Force Enters the 21st Century, pp. 125, 130, 206; Jackson, Munson and Taylor, eds., Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1995-1996, pp. 62, 84-88, 431-432, 569-576; IISS, The Military Balance 1995/96, pp. 171, 193;
77. Kristof Nicholas D., WuDunn Sheryl. China Wakes: The Struggle for the Soul of a Rising Power. 1994;382 Times Books, New York.
78. Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1992-1993, pp. 259-260.
79. Lewis and Xue, China's Strategic Seapower, p. 101.
80. 4I Systems 1994-1995. 1994;84 Jane's Information Group Limited, Surrey, England.
81. Cullen and Foss, eds., Jane's LAD 1995-1996, p. 6.
82. See KS-1 SAM System Revealed. Jane's Defence Weekly. Dec. 2, 1995;5.
83. U.S. General Accounting Office, Impact of China's Military Modernization p. 23; Cullen and Foss, eds., Jane's LAD 1995-1996, pp. 126-128.
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86. Cheung Tai Ming. Sukhois, Sams, Subs. Far Eastern Economic Review. Apr. 8, 1993;23.
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88. Lennox, ed., Jane's SWS, issue 16; Tyler, "China Says Maneuvers Will Last Through Taiwan's Elections";
89. Lennox, ed., Jane's SWS, issue 16; Tyler, "China Says Maneuvers Will Last Through Taiwan's Elections";
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91. "China Goes Ballistic," p. 23.
92. Free-for-all. The Economist. July 29, 1995;23-24.
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94. Lewis John Wilson. China's Ballistic Missile Programs: Technologies, Strategies, Goals. International Security. Fall 1992;5-36.
95. See U.S. Department of Defense, Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, p. 390.
96. See also Baer George W. One Hundred Years of Sea Power: The U.S. Navy, 1890-1990. 1994;448-449 Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif.
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98. reprinted in Goldman Jeffery B. China's Mahan. Proceedings. Mar. 1996;45.
99. Lewis and Xue, China's Strategic Seapower, p. 294 n. 136, p. 323 n. 119.
100. Jane's reports that the YJ-1 and RGM-84D have ranges of 40 km and 130 km. respectively, while the Naval Institute reports that the YJ-1 and RGM-84D have ranges of 32 km and more than 124 km, respectively. The HY-2 is the successor to the HY-1 (NATO designator Silkworm). Lennox, ed., Jane's SWS, issues 15, 17.
101. Sharpe Richard. Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97. 1996;117-124 Jane's Information Group Limited, Surrey, England.
102. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1995-96 119-126, 696-697; IISS, The Military Balance 1995/96, pp. 171, 177;
103. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1995-96 119-126, 696-697; IISS, The Military Balance 1995/96, pp. 171, 177;
104. Prèzelin Bernard, Baker A.D. III. The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1993. 1993;87 Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Md.
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106. Liu Melinda, Seibert Sam. Chinese Fireworks. Newsweek. Mar. 18, 1996;30.
107. The HQ-61 is derived from a land-based variant that has proven to be unreliable. According to Jane's LAD 1995-96, the land-based variant of the PL-9 has a range of 8.5 km while Jane's Fighting Ships 1995-1996 reports that the PL-9 has a range of 10 km. Jane's Defence Weekly reports that the sextuple SAM launcher aboard Jiangwei-class frigates may not be designated HQ-61 and may actually be designated RF-61.
108. China Exercises RF-61 Surface-to-air Missile. Jane's Defence Weekly. Nov. 11, 1995;5.
109. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, pp. 117-124; Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1995-96, p. 175; Cullen and Foss, eds., Jane's LAD 1995-96, pp. 112-113 257-259.
110. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, pp. 117-124; Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1995-96, p. 175; Cullen and Foss, eds., Jane's LAD 1995-96, pp. 112-113 257-259.
111. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, pp. 117-124; Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1995-96, p. 175; Cullen and Foss, eds., Jane's LAD 1995-96, pp. 112-113 257-259.
112. Combat Fleets. Proceedings. July 1995;86.
113. Because an indeterminate number of Romeo-class submarines are retired each year or are placed in operational reserve, the absolute number of Chinese submarines varies according to the counter. Jane's Fighting Ships reports that thirty-eight Romeo class are in active service while The Military Balance reports that thirty-three are in active service. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-1997, pp. 115-117. IISS, The Military Balance 1995/96, pp. 171. , 177;
114. Combat Fleets. Proceedings. July 1995;86.
115. For a discussion of Chinese submarine capabilities, see Shwei Hei. Dragons and Centipedes at Sea. Proceedings. Nov. 1995;65-68.
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117. See Watts Anthony J. Jane's Underwater Warfare Systems. 1996;82 Jane's Information Group Limited, Surrey, England. (hereafter Jane 's UWS) 1996-97.
118. Beaver Paul. China Continues Ming Submarine Production. Jane's Defence Weekly. Sept. 16, 1995;16.
119. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, p. 115;
120. World Navies in Review. Proceedings. Mar. 1996;112.
121. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1995-96, p. 159. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, p. 116.
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123. See "World Navies in Review," p. 110. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, p. 116; IISS, The Military Balance 1995/96, p. 171;
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126. Chanda Nayan. Fear of the Dragon. Far Eastern Economic Review. Apr. 13, 1995;25.
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128. Cheung, "China's Buying Spree," p. 26.
129. Lewis and Xue, China's Strategic Seapower, p. 122.
130. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, p. 117.
131. Swanson Bruce. Eighth Voyage of the Dragon: A History of China's Quest for Seapower. 1982;278-279 Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Md.
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134. See Lewis and Xue, China's Strategic Seapower, pp. 109-110. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, p. 114. Prézelin and Baker, eds., The Naval Institute Guide, pp. 88-89.
135. See Lewis and Xue, China's Strategic Seapower, pp. 109-110. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, p. 114. Prézelin and Baker, eds., The Naval Institute Guide, pp. 88-89.
136. Lewis and Xue, China's Strategic Seapower, p. 119.
137. Lewis and Xue, China's Strategic Seapower, p. 118.
138. Lewis and Xue, China's Strategic Seapower, p. 119.
139. Lewis and Xue, China's Strategic Seapower.
140. See Combat Fleets. Proceedings. July 1995;86.
141. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, pp. 114-117; and Lewis and Xue, China's Strategic Seapower, pp. 117, 120.
142. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, pp. 114-117; and Lewis and Xue, China's Strategic Seapower, pp. 117, 120.
143. Tyler Patrick E. As Deng Fades, China's Leaders Tighten Grip on Power. New York Times. Dec. 19, 1994.
144. See also Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, p. 115.
145. Holloway Nigel. Closer Encounters. Far Eastern Economic Review. Apr. 13, 1995;30.
146. Baer, One Hundred Years of Sea Power, pp. 189-205.
147. See Starr Barbara. Designed in China: A New SSK is Launched. Jane's Defence 7Weekly. Aug. 13, 1994;3.
148. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, pp. 115-116.
149. Lewis and Xue, China's Strategic Seapower, p. 124.
150. See Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, pp. 687-694; IISS, The Military Balance 1995/96, p. 192.
151. See Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, pp. 687-694; IISS, The Military Balance 1995/96, p. 192.
152. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1996-97, p. 56; Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1995-96, p. 50; Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1992-93, pp. 37, 55.
153. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1996-97, p. 56; Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1995-96, p. 50; Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1992-93, pp. 37, 55.
154. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1996-97, p. 56; Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1995-96, p. 50; Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1992-93, pp. 37, 55.
155. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, pp. 691-693.
156. Baer, One Hundred Years of Sea Power, p. 405.
157. Combat Fleets. Proceedings. Jan. 1996;93.
158. See also Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, pp. 692-693;
159. Combat Fleets. Proceedings. June 1996;86.
160. Naval Boost. Far Eastern Economic Review. Apr. 11, 1996;13.
161. Sharpe, ed, Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-97, pp. 691-693.
162. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1996-97, p. 59; Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1995-96, pp. 47-49; and Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1992-93, pp. 36, 49-51.
163. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1996-97, p. 59; Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1995-96, pp. 47-49; and Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1992-93, pp. 36, 49-51.
164. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1996-97, p. 59; Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1995-96, pp. 47-49; and Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1992-93, pp. 36, 49-51.
165. Taiwanese S-2T Crash. Jane's Defence Weekly. June 12, 1996;20.
166. Lambert Mark. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1991-1992. 1991;410 Jane's Information Group Limited, Surrey, England.
167. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1992-93, pp. 23-24.
168. Knock-Up Subs. Far Eastern Economic Review. Apr. 18, 1996;12.
169. Wright James E. Submarine Design for the Littorals. Proceedings. Dec. 1995;40.
170. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1995-1996, pp. 690-691.
171. Prézelin and Baker, eds., The Naval Institute Guide, pp. 681-682.
172. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1996-1997, p. 208.
173. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1995-1996, pp. 188, 194-196.
174. U.S. Department of Defense, Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, pp. 200, 206-208.
175. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1995-1996, pp. 116-118, 700-701.
176. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1996-1997, pp. 252, 288.
177. Ford Michael. Predicting Acoustic Propagation in Shallow Water. Proceedings. Dec. 1995;69-72.
178. During World War II, the waters of the Luzon Strait were prime hunting grounds for American fleet submarines operating against Japanese commerce between the Netherlands East Indies and Japan.
179. See Baer, One Hundred Years of Sea Power, pp. 231-237.
180. Combat Fleets. Proceedings. Feb. 1996;93.
181. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1995-1996, p. 701.
182. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-1997, p. 116.
183. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1996-1997, pp. 194-195.
184. Lambert, ed., Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1991-1992, p. 410.
185. Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1992-1993, p. 212; and author's estimate.
186. See Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-1997, p. 694.
187. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1996-1997, p. 114.
188. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1995-1996, p. 93.
189. Laur and Llanso, Encyclopedia of Modern U.S. Military Weapons, pp. 139-141.
190. Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1995-1996, p. 291.
191. Blake, ed., Jane's REWS 1992-1993, p. 240.
192. See Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1996-1997, pp. 99, 114.
193. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-1997, p. 694.
194. Laur and Llanso, Encyclopedia of Modern U.S. Military Weapons, p. 139.
195. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1992-1993, p. 79.
196. See Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1996-1997, pp. 166-167, 202.
197. Sharpe, ed., Jane's Fighting Ships 1996-1997, pp. 115-117.
198. Prézelin and Baker, eds., The Naval Institute Guide, pp. 88-90.
199. Watts, ed., Jane's UWS 1992-1993, p. 17.
200. See also Shannon Jim. Undersea Warfare is TEAM Warfare. Proceedings. June 1996;48-49.
201. Linder Bruce. ASW as Practiced in Birnam Wood. Proceedings. May 1996;62-66.
202. China Maneuvers Hurt Growth in Taiwan. New York Times. May 18, 1996.
203. See The Prospects for T-Day. The Economist. Sept. 2, 1995;30.
204. Lin Chong-pin. The Role of the People's Liberation Army in the Process of Reunification: Exploring the Possibilities. Yang Richard H. China's Military: The PLA in 1992/1993. 1993;161-179 Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.
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207. from Xinhua News Service. Aug. 31, 1993.
208. FBIS. Article Views 'In-Depth' Reform of Army. China. Aug. 27, 1992;33.
209. Kahn and Rosett, "China and Russia Rekindle Their Romance".
210. Chen Kathy, Chang Leslie. China, Taiwan Vie for Edge in Weapons. Wall Street Journal. Feb. 13, 1996.
211. Kristof Nicholas D. The Rise of China. Foreign Affairs. Nov./Dec. 1993;66.
212. See also Denison Lane C., Weisenbloom Mark, Liu Bimon. Chinese Military Modernization. 1996;American Enterprise Institute, Washington, D.C.
213. See Tyler Patrick E. China Warns U.S. to Keep Away From Taiwan Strait. New York Times. Mar. 18, 1996.
214. U.S. Dismisses Chinese Warning. New York Times. Mar. 18, 1996.
215. Brauchli Marcus W. China-Taiwan Flap Worries Neighbors. Wall Street Journal. Mar. 12, 1996.
216. Tyler Patrick E. As China Threatens Taiwan, It Makes Sure U.S. Listens. New York Times. Jan. 24, 1996.
217. Lieberthal Kenneth. A New China Strategy. Foreign Affairs. Nov./Dec. 1995;35-49.
218. Faison Seth. Beijing Sees U.S. Moves As Plot to Thwart China. New York Times. Aug. 5, 1995.
219. Nye Joseph S. Jr. The Case for Deep Engagement. Foreign Affairs. July/Aug. 1995;90-102.
220. Johnson Chalmers, Keehn E.B. The Pentagon's Ossified Strategy. Foreign Affairs. July/Aug. 1995;103-114.
221. Tyler Patrick E. Chinese Military Sees U.S. as a Foe. New York Times. Nov. 16, 1993.
222. Sun Lena. China's Party Sees a Threat From the West. Washington Post. Nov. 12, 1991.
223. See also Winnefeld James A., et al. A New Strategy and Fewer Forces: The Pacific Dimension. 1992;RAND, Santa Monica, Calif.
224. Tyler, "China Warns U.S. to Keep Away From Taiwan Strait."
225. Eikenberry Karl W. Does China Threaten Asia-Pacific Regional Stability? Parameters. Spring 1995;96.
226. See also Segal Gerald. East Asia and the 'Constrainment' of China. International Security. Spring 1996;107-135.