The use of terrestrial and aquatic microcosms and mesocosms for the ecological risk assessment of veterinary medicinal products

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 820-829

  Van Den Brink, Paul J ^a   Tarazona, José V ^b   Solomon, Keith R ^c   Knacker, Thomas ^d   Van Den Brink, Nico W ^a   Brock, Theo C M ^a   Hoogland, J P ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b Department of the Environment   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

^d ECT OEKOTOXIKOLOGIE GMBH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Environmental risk assessment; Mesocosm; Microcosm; Pharmaceuticals; Veterinary medicines

Indexed keywords

DRUG PRODUCTS; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; PESTICIDES; RISK ASSESSMENT;

AQUATIC MICROCOSMS; ECOLOGICAL RISK; MESOCOSMS; VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS (VMP);

MICROORGANISMS;

CHLORTETRACYCLINE; DOXYCYCLINE; EPRINOMECTIN; OXYTETRACYCLINE; PESTICIDE; SULFACHLORPYRIDAZINE; TETRACYCLINE; TYLOSIN;

CHEMICAL POLLUTANT; MESOCOSM; MICROCOSM; PESTICIDE; PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ALGA; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; DAPHNIA; EARTHWORM; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; EUROPE; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; LAW; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MESOCOSM; MICROCOSM; MICROORGANISM; NONHUMAN; NORTH AMERICA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOIL MICROFLORA; VETERINARY MEDICINE;

ANIMALS; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EUROPE; FRESH WATER; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NORTH AMERICA; PESTICIDES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOIL MICROBIOLOGY; TIME FACTORS; TOXICITY TESTS; VETERINARY DRUGS; VETERINARY MEDICINE; WATER POLLUTANTS;

EID: 15544375226     PISSN: 07307268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1897/04-268R.1     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Boxall ABA, Kolpin DW, Halling-Soerensen B, Tolls J. 2003. Are veterinary medicines causing environmental risks? Environ Sci Technol 37:286-294.
2. European Union. 2002. European Union Commission Press Release Food Law News. IP/02/1720. European Union, Brussels, Belgium.
3. Mellon M, Benbrook C, Benbrook KL. 2001. Hogging It: Estimates of Antimicrobial Abuse in Livestock. Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA, USA.
4. Daughton CG, Ternes TA. 1999. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: Agents of subtle change? Environ Health Perspect 107:907-938.
5. Halling-Sorensen B, Nors Nielsen S, Lanzky PF, Ingerslev F, Holten Lutzhoft HC, Jorgensen SE. 1998. Occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceutical substances in the environment - A review. Chemosphere 36:357-393.
6. Hamscher G, Sczesny S, Hoper H, Nau H. 2000. Determination of persistent tetracycline residues in soil fertilized with liquid manure by high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 74:1509-1518.
7. Hirsch R, Ternes T, Herberer K, Kratz K-L. 1999. Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment. Sci Total Environ 225:109-118.
8. Kolpin DK, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman ME, Zaugg SD, Barber LB, Buxton HT. 2002. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance. Environ Sci Technol 36:1202-1211.
9. Ternes T. 1998. Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers. Water Res 32:3245-3260.
10. Sweetman SC. 2002. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, 33rd ed. Pharmaceutical Press, London, UK.
11. Martin TL, Trevors JT, Kaushik NK. 1999. Soil microbial diversity, community structure and denitrification in a temperate riparian zone. Biodivers Conserv 8:1057-1078.
12. Nunan N, Wu K, Young IM, Crawford JW, Ritz K. 2002. In situ spatial patterns of soil bacterial populations, mapped at multiple scales, in an arable soil. Microb Ecol 44:296-305.
13. Giesy JP, Odum EP. 1980. Microcosmology: Introductory comments. In Giesy JP, ed, Microcosms in Ecological Research. Technical Information Center, U.S. Department of Energy, Springfield, VA, pp 1-13.
14. Knacker T, van Gestel CAM, Jones SE, Soares AMVM, Schallnaß H-J, Förster B, Edwards CA. 2004. Ring-testing and field-validation of a Terrestrial Model Ecosystem (TME) - An instrument for testing potentially harmful substances: Conceptual approach and study design. Ecotoxicology 13:9-28.
15. Crossland NO, Heimbach F, Hill IR, Boudou A, Leeuwangh P, Matthiessen P, Persoone G. 1992. Summary and Recommendations of the European Workshop on Freshwater Field Tests, Potsdam, Germany. SETAC Europe, Brussels, Belgium.
16. Gillett JW, Witt J-M. 1979. Terrestrial microcosms. Proceedings, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, June 13-14, 1977. Report NSF/RA-790034. National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, USA.
17. Caquet T, Langadic L, Sheffield SR. 2000. Mesocosms in ecotoxicology (1): Outdoor aquatic systems. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 165:1-38.
18. Fredrickson JK, Van Voris P, Bentjen SA, Bolton H. 1991. Terrestrial microcosm for evaluating the environmental fate and risks associated with the release of chemicals or genetically engineered micro-organisms to the environment. Toxic Substances J 11:65-110.
19. Edwards CA, Knacker T, Pokarzhevskii A, Subler S, Parmelee R. 1996. The use of soil microcosms in assessing the effects of pesticides on soil ecosystems. Environmental Behaviour of Crop Protection Chemicals. Proceedings, International Symposium on the Use of Nuclear and Related Techniques for Studying Environmental Behaviour of Crop Protection Chemicals, jointly organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vienna, Switzerland, July 1-5, pp 437-451.
20. European Union. 2000. Guidance document on terrestrial toxicology under council Directive 91/414/EEC. Working document of the European Commission Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General. SANCO/10329/2002. European Commission, Directorate General for Agriculture, Brussels, Belgium.
21. European Union. 2002. Guidance document on aquatic toxicology in the context of the Directive 91/414/EEC. Working document of the European Commission Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General. Sanco/3268/2001. Brussels, Belgium.
22. Campbell PJ, Arnold DJS, Brock TCM, Grandy NJ, Heger W, Heimbach F, Maund SJ, Streloke M. 1999. HARAP Guidance Document: Higher-Tier Aquatic Risk Assessment for Pesticides. SETAC Europe, Brussels, Belgium.
23. Arnold D, Hill IR, Matthiessen P, Stephenson R. 1991. Guidance Document on Testing Procedures for Pesticides in Freshwater Mesocosms. SETAC Europe, Brussels, Belgium.
24. Giddings JM, Brock TCM, Heger W, Heimbach F, Maund SJ, Norman SM, Ratte HT, Schafers C, Streloke M. 2002. Community-Level Aquatic Systems Studies - Interpretation Studies: CLASSIC. SETAC, Pensacola, FL, USA.
25. Boxall ABA, Brown CD, Barrett KL. 2002. Higher-tier laboratory methods for assessing the aquatic toxicity of pesticides. Pest Manag Sci 58:637-648.
26. Brock TCM, Lahr J, Van den Brink PJ. 2000. Ecological risks of pesticides in freshwater ecosystems: Part 1: Herbicides. Final report 088. Alterra Green World Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
27. Brock TCM, Van Wijngaarden RPA, Van Geest GJ. 2000. Ecological risks of pesticides in freshwater ecosystems: Part 2: Insecticides. Final report 089. Alterra Green World Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
28. European Union. 1997. Council Directive 97/57/EC of 21 September 1997 establishing annex VI to Directive 91/414/EEC concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market. Official J Eur Communities L265:87-109.
29. Brock TCM, Budde BJ. 1994. On the choice of structural parameters and endpoints to indicate responses of freshwater ecosystems to pesticide stress. In Hill IR, Heimbach F, Leeuwangh P, Matthiessen P, eds, Freshwater Field Tests for Hazard Assessment of Chemicals. Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 19-56.
30. Kersting K. 1994. Functional endpoints in field testing. In Hill IR, Heimbach F, Leeuwangh P, Matthiessen P, eds, Freshwater Field Tests for Hazard Assessment of Chemicals. Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 57-81.
31. European Union. 1981. Council Directive 81/852/EEC of 28 September 1981 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to analytical, pharmaco-toxicological and clinical standards and protocols in respect of the testing of veterinary medicinal products. Off J Eur Communities L317:16-28.
32. European Union. 1992. Commission Directive 92/18/EEC of 20 March 1992 modifying the annex to council Directive 81/852/EEC on the approximation of the laws of member states relating to analytical, pharmacotoxicological and clinical standards and protocols in respect of the testing of veterinary medicinal products. Off J Eur Communities L097:1-23.
33. European Union. 2001. Directive 2001/82/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 6 November 2001 on the community code relating to veterinary medicinal products. Off J Eur Communities L311:1-66.
34. European Medicines Agency. 1999. Antibiotic resistance in the European Union associated with therapeutic use of veterinary medicines. Report on qualitative risk assessment by the committee for veterinary medicinal products. Report EMEA/CVMP/342/99-FINAL. Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products, London, UK.
35. European Medicines Agency. 1997. Note for guidance: Environmental risk assessment for veterinary medicinal products other than GMO-containing and immunological products. Report EMEA/CVMP/055/96-FINAL. Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products, London, UK.
36. International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products. 2000. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIAs) for veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) - Phase I. VICH GL 6 (ecotoxicity phase I). Brussels, Belgium.
37. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 1993. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Paris, France.
38. International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products. 2001. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIAs) for veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) - Phase I. VICH GL 6 Final Guidance. Brussels, Belgium.
39. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1998. Guidance for industry. Environmental assessment of human drugs and biologics applications. CMC 6 Revision 1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD.
40. Canadian Environmental Protection Act. 1999. New substances notification regulations of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Department of Justice Canada, Ottawa, ON.
41. Hanson ML, Sibley PK, Mabury SA, Muir DC, Solomon K. 2001. Chlorodifluoroacetic acid fate and toxicity to the macrophytes Lemna gibba, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Myriophyllum sibiricum in aquatic microcosms. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:2758-2767.
42. Richards SM, Wilson CJ, Johnson DJ, Castle DM, Lam M, Mabury SA, Sibley PK, Solomon KR. 2003. Effects of pharmaceutical mixtures in aquatic microcosms. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:1035-1042.
43. Brain RA, Bestari KT, Sanderson H, Hanson ML, Wilson CJ, Johnson DJ, Sibley PK, Solomon KR. 2005. Aquatic microcosm assessment of the effects of tylosin to Lemna gibba and Myriophyllum spicatum. Environ Pollut 133:389-401.
44. Brain RA, Johnson DJ, Richards SM, Sanderson H, Sibley PK, Solomon KR. 2003. Effects of 25 pharmaceutical compounds to Lemna gibba using a 7-day static renewal test. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:371-382.
45. Halling-Sorensen B, Lykkeberg A, Ingerslev F, Blackwell P, Tjornelund J. 2003. Characterisation of the abiotic degradation pathways of oxytetracyclines in soil interstitial water using LC-MS-MS. Chemosphere 50:1331-1342.
46. Morgan E, Knacker T. 1994. The role of laboratory terrestrial model ecosystems in the testing of potentially harmful substances. Ecotoxicology 3:213-233.
47. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Ecological effects test guidelines OPPTS 850.2450 terrestrial (soil-core) microcosm test. EPA 712-C-96-143. Washington, DC.
48. Rodrigues J. 2003. Validation of a terrestrial model ecosystem. An instrument for testing potential harmful substances. PhD thesis. University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
49. Weyers A, Schuphan I. 1998. Variation of effect endpoint parameters in a terrestrial model ecosystem. Ecotoxicology 7:335-341.
50. De la Torre AI. 1997. Desarrollo de criterios para la valoración de los riesgos de las sustancias químicas sobre los ecosistemas terrestres. PhD thesis. Univesidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
51. Carbonell G, Pablos M-V, Ortíz JA, Ramos C, Tarazona JV. 1998. Desarrollo de un sistema terrestre miniaturizado para valorar el comportamiento y los efectos de las sustancias químicas en suelos. Cuadernos de Investigaciones Biologicas 20:141-144.
52. Fernandez C, Alonso C, Babin MM, Pro J, Carbonell C, Tarazona JV. 2004. Ecotoxicological assessment of doxycycline in aged pig manure using Multispecies Soil Systems (MS·3). Sci Total Environ 323:63-69.
53. Tarazona JV, Hund K, Jager T, S-Salonen M, Soares AMVM, Skaare JU, Vigui M. 2002. Standardizing chemical risk assessment, at last. Nature 415:14.
54. Tarazona JV, Vega MM. 2002. Hazard and risk assessment of chemicals for terrestrial ecosystems. Toxicology 181/182:187-191.
55. Pro J, Ortiz JA, Boleas S, Fernández G, Carbonell G, Tarazona JV. 2003. Effect assessment of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals on the aquatic plant Lemna minor. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 70:290-295.
56. Blanck H. 2002. A critical review of procedures and approaches used for assessing pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) in biotic communities. Human Ecol Risk Assess 8:1003-1034.
57. Hill IR, Heimbach F, Leeuwangh P, Matthiessen P. 1994. Freshwater Field Tests for Hazard Assessment of Chemicals. Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
58. Thimm T, Hoffmann A, Fritz I, Tebbe CC. 2001. Contribution of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus (Annelida, Oligochaeta) to the establishment of plasmids in soil bacterial communities. Microb Ecol 41:341-351.
59. Cleuvers M. 2003. Aquatic ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals including the assessment of combination effects. Toxicol Lett 142:185-194.
60. European Union. 2003. Environmental risk assessment of chemicals. Appendix V to the Second Report of the Scientific Steering Committee on Harmonization of Risk Assessment Procedures. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.
61. Montforts MHMM. 2003. Environmental risk assessment for veterinary medicinal products. Part 5. A guide to risk assessment of veterinary medicinal products used in intensive animal husbandry. Report 601450018/2003. Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
62. Giesy JP. 2001. Hormesis - Does it have relevance at the population-, community- or ecosystem-levels of organization. Belle Newsl 10:14-17.
63. European Union. 2001. CSTEE opinion on the available scientific approaches to assess the potential effects and risk of chemicals on terrestrial ecosystems. Cz/JCD/csteeop/Ter91100/D(0). Reports of the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment, Brussels, Belgium.
64. Elsgaard L, Petersen SO, Debosz K. 2001. Effects and risk assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in agricultural soil. 2. Effects on soil microbiology as influenced by sewage sludge and incubation time. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:1664-1672.
65. Commission of the European Communities. 2001. White paper. Strategy for a future chemicals policy. European Union, Brussels, Belgium.
66. Vega MM, Carbonell G, Pablos MV, Ramos C, Fernández C, Ortiz JA, Tarazona JV. 2002. EGPE: A computer decision-support tool for the ecomanagement of animal manure as agricultural fertiliser. Integrated Assessment and Decision Support Proceeding, 1st Biennial Meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, Manno, Switzerland, June 24-27, Vol 1, pp 156-161.