The renin-angiotensin system: Peptides and enzymes beyond angiotensin II

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 155-159

  Reudelhuber, Timothy L ^a  

^a CLIN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MONTREAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Angiotensin 1 7; Angiotensin IV; Angiotensins; Angiotesnin III; Hypertension; Renin angiotensin system; Transgenic mice

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE; AMINOPEPTIDASE; ANGIOTENSIN; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN I; ANGIOTENSIN II [3-8]; ANGIOTENSIN III; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; LOSARTAN; MINERALOCORTICOID;

AUTOCRINE EFFECT; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; CALCIUM CELL LEVEL; CALCIUM MOBILIZATION; ENZYME INACTIVATION; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART FUNCTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NONHUMAN; PARACRINE SIGNALING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW;

EID: 15444367989     PISSN: 10624821     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00041552-200503000-00011     Document Type: Review

References (15)

1. Chai SY, Fernando R, Peck G, et al. What's new in the renin-angiotensin system? The angiotensin IV/AT(4) receptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2004; 61:2728-2737.
2. Ferrario CM, Chappell MC. What's new in the renin-angiotensin system? Novel angiotensin peptides. Cell Mol Life Sci 2004; 61:2720-2727.
3. Santos RA, Simoes e Suva AC, Maric C, et al. Angiotensin-(1-7) is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor Mas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100:8258-8263. A major breakthrough in identifying the apparent receptor for the Ang 1-7 peptide. This turns out to be the same protein that was erroneously identified as the Ang II receptor in the late 1980s.
4. Reaux A, Fournie-Zaluski MC, David C, et al. Aminopeptidase A inhibitors as potential central antihypertensive agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96:13415-13420.
5. Fournie-Zaluski MC, Fassot C, Valentin B, et al. Brain renin-angiotensin system blockade by systemically active aminopeptidase A inhibitors: a potential treatment of salt-dependent hypertension. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101:7775-7780. The authors provide convincing evidence for the role of aminopeptidase-generated (non-Ang II) angiotensin peptides in hypertension and test a novel class of drug that crosses the blood-brain barrier to specifically inhibit the responsible amino-peptidase.
6. Wright JW, Tamura-Myers E, Wilson WL, et al. Conversion of brain angiotensin II to angiotensin III is critical for pressor response in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003; 284:R725-R733.
7. •], an engineered protein was used to study the effect of releasing angiotensin peptides in targeted tissues of transgenic animals. By combining animal studies, biochemistry and cell biology, a new model was proposed for Ang IV action through the AT1 receptor.
8. Plovsing RR, Wamberg C, Sandgaard NC, et al. Effects of truncated angiotensins in humans after double blockade of the renin system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003; 285:R981-R991. After infusing equimolar doses of different angiotensin peptides, the authors measured the acute effect of each on blood pressure, renal function and aldosterone release in healthy human subjects.
9. •], but carried out in dogs, which allowed the authors to evaluate dose-response relationships with some interesting results.
10. Lawrence AC, Evin G, Kladis A, Campbell DJ. An alternative strategy for the radioimmunoassay of angiotensin peptides using amino-terminal-directed antisera: measurement of eight angiotensin peptides in human plasma. J Hypertens 1990; 8:715-724.
11. Tipnis SR, Hooper NM, Hyde R, et al. A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:33238-33243.
12. Crackower MA, Sarao R, Oudit GY, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function. Nature 2002; 417:822-828.
13. Santos RA, Ferreira AJ, Nadu AP, et al. Expression of an angiotensin-(1-7)-producing fusion protein produces cardioprotective effects in rats. Physiol Genomics 2004; 17:292-299. By combining the generation of transgenic rats and the use of an engineered protein capable of directing the chronic production of specific angiotensin peptides, this represents the first study of the effect of chronic systemic elevations of Ang 1-7 on cardiovascular physiology.
14. Ambroz C, Clark AJ, Catt KJ. The mas oncogene enhances angiotensin-induced [Ca2+]i responses in cells with pre-existing angiotensin II receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991; 1133:107-111.
15. Campbell DJ, Zeitz CJ, Esler MD, Horowitz JD. Evidence against a major role for angiotensin converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) in angiotensin peptide metabolism in the human coronary circulation. J Hypertens 2004; 22:1971-1976.