Ovarian Follicular Development During the Use of Oral ontraception: A Review

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 19-24

  Baerwald, Angela R ^a   Pierson, Roger A ^a  

^a ROYAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Follicle stimulating hormone; Oral contraceptives; Ovarian follicles

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; FOLLITROPIN; GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; SEX HORMONE;

ANOVULATORY FOLLICLE CYST; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; ENDOCRINE FUNCTION; ESTRADIOL BLOOD LEVEL; ESTROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; FOLLICLE CYST; FOLLITROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; GONADOTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; HORMONAL REGULATION; HORMONE FREE INTERVAL; HUMAN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; ORAL CONTRACEPTION; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USE; OVARY FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT; OVARY FUNCTION; OVULATION; OVULATION INHIBITION; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SUNDAY START METHOD; DRUG ADMINISTRATION; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; OVARY FOLLICLE;

CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, COMBINED; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; FEMALE; HUMANS; OVARIAN FOLLICLE;

EID: 1542380038     PISSN: 17012163     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1701-2163(16)30692-2     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Pincus G, Rock J, Garcia C Fertility control with oral medication. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1958, 75:1333-1346.
2. Wan LS, Ganguly M, Weiss G Pituitary response to LHRH stimulation in women on oral contraceptives: a follow up dose response study. Contraception 1981, 24:229-234.
3. Tafurt CA, Sobrevilla LA, de Estrada R Effects of Progestin-estrogen combination and progestational contraceptives on pituitary gonadotropins, gonadal steroids and sex hormone-binding globulin. Fertil Steril 1980, 33:261-266.
4. Barnhart K, Devoto L, Pommer R, Sir-Pettermann T, Robinovic J, Coutinho E Neuroendocrine mechanism of anovulation in users of contraceptive subdermal implant of nomegestrel acetate (uniplant). Fertil Steril 1997, 67:250-255.
5. Van Heusden AM, Killick SR, Coelingh Bennink HJ, Fauser BC Single monthly administration of the anti-Progestagen org 31710 in users of the 75 microg desogestrel progestagen-only Pill: effects on pituitary-ovarian activity. Hum Reprod 2000, 15:629-636.
6. Koering MJ, Danforth DR, Hodgen GD Early folliculogenesis in primate ovaries: testing the role of estrogen. Biol Reprod 1991, 45:890-897.
7. Koering MJ, Danforth DR, Hodgen GD Early follicle growth in the juvenile macaca monkey ovary: the effects of estrogen priming and follicle-stimulating hormone. Biol Reprod 1994, 50:686-694.
8. Dickey RP Managing contraceptive pill patients 1997, EMIS, Inc., Medical Publishers, Durant (OK). 8th ed.
9. Mishell DR Oral contraception: past, present, and future perspectives. Int Fertil 1992, 37:7-18.
10. Dieben TO, van Beek A, Coelingh Bennink HJ Multicentre study with a new biphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and desogestrel. Report on efficacy, cycle control and adverse experiences with special emphasis on blood pressure and weight. Arzneimittelforschung 1991, 41:996-998.
11. A triphasic oral contraceptive: logynon and trinordiol. Drug Ther Bull 1980, 18:98-100.
12. Pasquale SA Rationale for a triphasic oral contraceptive J. Reprod Med 1984, 29:560-567.
13. Kwiecien M, Edelman A, Nichols MD, Jensen JT Bleeding patterns and patient acceptability of standard or continuous dosing regimens of a low-dose oral contraceptive: a randomized trial. Contraception 2003, 67:9-13.
14. Miller L, Hughes JP Continuous combination oral contraceptive pills to eliminate withdrawal bleeding: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 2003, 101:653-661.
15. Woolf S, Battista R, Anderson G, Logan A, Eel W Canadian task force on the periodic health exam 1994, xxxvii. Canada Communication Group, Ottawa.
16. Van Heusden AM, Fauser BC Residual ovarian activity during oral steroid contraception. Hum Reprod Update 2002, 8:345-358.
17. Fitzgerald C, Elstein M, Spona J Effect of age on the response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis to a combined oral contraceptive. Fertil Steril 1999, 71:1079-1084.
18. Van der Vange N, Bruinse H, Coelingh Bennink H Effects of seven low dose combined oral contraceptives on ovarian function, measured by ultrasound examination and peripheral endocrine parameters. Seven low-dose oral contraceptives and their influence on metabolic pathways and ovarian activity [dissertation]. 1986, 71-84. Utrecht. N.V.D. Vange (Ed.).
19. Doyen J, Schaaps J, Lambotte R Ultrasonic and hormonal monitoring of the ovaries during mini-dose oral contraception. Contracept Fertil Sex 1987, 15:529-533.
20. Killick S, Eyong E, Elstein M Ovarian follicular development in oral contraceptive cycles. Fertil Steril 1987, 48:409-413.
21. Hamilton CJ, Hoogland HJ Longitudinal ultrasonograPhic study of the ovarian suppressive activity of a low-dose triphasic oral contraceptive during correct and incorrect pill intake. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989, 161:1159-1162.
22. Killick SR Ovarian follicles during oral contraceptive cycles: their potential for ovulation. Fertil Steril 1989, 52:580-582.
23. Thomas KH, Vankrieken L Inhibition of ovulation by a new low-dose monophasic contraceptive containing gestodene. Int J Fertil 1989, 34(Suppl.):10-21.
24. Shaw G, Killick S, Elstein M Assessment of ovarian activity in a gestodene containing triphasic oral contraceptive. Br J Fam Plann 1992, 18:76-78.
25. Young RL, Snabes MC, Frank ML, Reilly M A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the impact of low-dose and triphasic oral contraceptives on follicular development. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992, 167:678-682.
26. Fitzgerald C, Feichtinger W, Spona J, Elstein M, Ludicke F, Muller U, et al. A comparison of the effects of two monophasic low dose oral contraceptives on the inhibition of ovulation. Adv Contracept 1994, 10:5-18.
27. Grimes DA, Godwin AJ, Rubin A, Smith JA, Lacarra M Ovulation and follicular development associated with three low-dose oral contraceptives: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 1994, 83:29-34.
28. Broome M, Clayton J, Fotherbb K Enlarged follicles in women using oral contraceptives. Contraception 1995, 52:13-16.
29. Egarter C, Putz M, Strohmer H, Speiser P, Wenzl R, Huber J Ovarian function during low-dose oral contraceptive use. Contraception 1995, 51:329-333.
30. Teichmann AT, Brill K, Albring M, Schnitker J, Wojtynek P, Kustra E The influence of the dose of ethinylestradiol in oral contraceptives on follicle growth. Gynecol Endocrinol 1995, 9:299-305.
31. Van der Does J, Exalto N, Dieben T, Bennink HC Ovarian activity suppression by two different low-dose triphasic oral contraceptives. Contraception 1995, 52:357-361.
32. Crosignani PG, Testa G, Vegetti W, Parazzini F Ovarian activity during regular oral contraceptive use. Contraception 1996, 54:271-273.
33. Spona J, Feichtinger W, Kindermann C, Wunsch C, Brill K Inhibition of ovulation by an oral contraceptive containing 100 mcg levonorgestrel in combination with 20 mcg ethiny; estradiol. Contraception 1996, 54:299-304.
34. Rabe T, Nitsche DC, Runnebaum B The effects of monophasic and triphasic oral contraceptives on ovarian function and endometrial thickness. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 1997, 2:39-51.
35. Coney P, DelConte A The effects on ovarian activity of a monophasic oral contraceptive with 100 microg levonorgestrel and 20 microg ethinyl estradiol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999, 181:53-58.
36. Baerwald A, Olatunbosun O, Pierson R Ovarian follicular development during the use of oral contraception. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Abstract: 011 2003, Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown.
37. Baerwald A, Olatunbosun O, Pierson R The effects of oral contraception administered at defined stages of ovarian follicular development. Abstract: F05. Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society 2003.
38. Pierson R, Archer D, Moreau M, Shangold G, Fisher A, Creasy G, et al. SGiA:Ortho EVRATM vs oral contraceptives: follicular development and ovulation in normal cycles and after an intentional dosing error. Fertil Steril 2003, 80(1):34-42.
39. Baerwald AR, Adams GP, Pierson RA Characterization of ovarian follicular wave dynamics in women. Bio Reprod 2003, 69(3):1023-1031.
40. Ginther OJ, Beg MA, Bergfelt DR, Donadeu FX, Kot K Follicle selection in monovular species. Biol Reprod 2001, 65(3):638-647.
41. Kuhl H, Gahn G, Romberg G, Marz W, Taubert HD A randomized cross-over comparison of two low-dose oral contraceptives upon hormonal and metabolic parameters: I. Effects upon sexual hormone levels. Contraception 1985, 31:583-593.
42. Jung-Hoffmann C, Heidt F, Kuhl H Effect of two oral contraceptives containing 30 micrograms ethinylestradiol and 75 micrograms gestodene or 150 micrograms desogestrel upon various hormonal parameters. Contraception 1988, 38:593-603.
43. Van der Vange N Ovarian activity during low dose oral contraceptives. Contemporary obstetrics and gynecology 1988, 315-326. Butterworths, London. G. Chamberlain (Ed.).
44. Westcombe R, Ellis R, Fotherby K Suppression of ovulation in women using a triphasic oral contraceptive. Br J Fam Plann 1988, 13:127-132.
45. Elstein M, Briston PG, Jenkins M, Kirk D, Miller H Effects of a low-oestrogen oral contraceptive on urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone and ovarian steroids. Br Med 1974, 1:11-13.
46. Gaspard UJ, Dubois M, Gillain D, Franchimont P, Duvivier J Ovarian function is effectively inhibited by a low-dose triphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel. Contraception 1984, 29:305-318.
47. London RS, Chapdelaine A, Upmalis D, Olson W, Smith J Comparative contraceptive efficacy and mechanism of action of the norgestimate-containing triphasic oral contraceptive. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 1992, 156:9-14.
48. Hoogland HJ, Skouby SO Ultrasound evaluation of ovarian activity under oral contraceptives. Contraception 1993, 47:583-590.
49. Rossmanith W, Wirth U, Gasser S, Thun B, Steffens D Ovarielle aktivitat, zyklusverhalten und vertraglichkeit bei niedrigdosierten oralen kontrazeptiva: eine vergleichsstudie. Zentralbl Gynakol 1997, 119:538-544.
50. Van Heusden AM, Coelingh Bennink HJ, Fauser BC FSH and ovarian response: spontaneous recovery of pituitary-ovarian activity during the pill-free period vs. exogenous recombinant FSH during high-dose combined oral contraceptives. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2002, 56:509-517.
51. Wilcox A, Dunson D, Baird D The timing of the "fertile window" in the menstrual cycle: day specific estimates from a prospective study. Br Med 2000, 321:1259-1262.
52. Alliende M Mean versus individual hormonal profiles in the menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril 2002, 78(l):90-95.
53. Morris SE, Groom GV, Cameron ED, Buckingham MS, Everitt JM, Elstein M Studies on low dose oral contraceptives: Plasma hormone changes in relation to deliberate pill ('microgynon 30') omission. Contraception 1979, 20:61-69.
54. Spellacy WN, Kalra PS, Buhi WC, Birk SA Pituitary and ovarian responsiveness to a graded gonadotropin releasing factor stimulation test in women using a low-estrogen or a regular type of oral contraceptive. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980, 137:109-115.
55. Fauser BC, Van Heusden AM Manipulation of human ovarian function: physiological concepts and clinical consequences. Endocr Rev 1997, 18:71-106.
56. Van Heusden AM, Fauser BC Activity of the pituitary-ovarian axis in the pill-free interval during use of low-dose combined oral contraceptives. Contraception 1999, 59:237-243.
57. Holt VL, Daling JR, McKnight B, Moore D, Stergachis A, Weiss NS Functional ovarian cysts in relation to the use of monophasic and triphasic oral contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol 1992, 79:529-533.
58. Lanes SF, Birmann B, Walker AM, Singer S Oral contraceptive type and functional ovarian cysts. Am Obstet Gynecol 1992, 166:956-961.
59. Pierson R, Chizen D Transvaginal ultrasonographic assessment of normal and aberrant ovulation. Imaging in infertility and reproductive endocrinology 1994, 129-142. J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. R. Jaffe, R. Pierson, J. Abramowicz (Eds.).
60. Backstrom T, Nakata M, Pierson R Ultrasonography of normal and aberrant luteogenesis. Imaging in infertility and reproductive endocrinology 1994, 143-154. J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. R. Jaffe, R. Pierson, J. Abramowicz (Eds.).
61. Tayob Y, Adams J, Jacobs HS, Guillebaud J Ultrasound demonstration of increased frequency of functional ovarian cysts in women using progestogen-only oral contraception. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985, 92:1003-1009.
62. Vessey M, Metcalfe A, Wells C, McPherson K, Westhoff C, Yeates D Ovarian neoplasms, functional ovarian cysts, and oral contraceptives. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987, 294:1518-1520.
63. Ostergaard E, Starup J Laparotomy observations during oral contraception. Fertil Steril 1967, 133:1069.
64. Danforth DR, Hodgen GD "Sunday start" multiphasic oral contraception: ovulation prevention and delayed follicular atresia in primates. Contraception 1989, 39:321-330.
65. Schwartz JL, Creinin MD, Pymar HC, Reid L Predicting risk of ovulation in new start oral contraceptive users. Obstet Gynecol 2002, 99:177-182.
66. Tayob Y, Robinson G, Adams J, Nye M, Whitelaw N, Shaw R, et al. Ultrasound appearance of the ovaries during the pill-free interval. Br J Fam Plann 1990, 16:94-96.
67. Elomaa K, Rolland R, Brosens I, Moorrees M, Deprest J, Tuominen J, et al. Omitting the first oral contraceptive pills of the cycle does not automatically lead to ovulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998, 179:41-46.
68. Sullivan H, Furniss H, Spona J, Elstein M Effect of 21-day and 24-day oral contraceptive regimens containing gestodene (60 microg) and ethinyl estradiol (15 microg) on ovarian activity. Fertil Steril 1999, 72:115-120.
69. Macklon N, Fauser B Regulation of follicle development and novel approaches to ovarian stimulation for IVF. Hum Reprod Update 2000, 6:307-312.
70. Spona J, Elstein M, Feichtinger W, Sullivan H, Ludicke F, Muller U, et al. Shorter pill-free interval in combined oral contraceptives decreases follicular development. Contraception 1996, 54:71-77.
71. Killick SR, Fitzgerald C, Davis A Ovarian activity in women taking an oral contraceptive containing 20 microg ethinyl estradiol and 150 microg desogestrel: effects of low estrogen doses during the hormone-free interval. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998, 179:S18-S24.
72. Chowdhury V, Joshi UM, Gopalkrishna K, Betrabet S, Mehta S, Saxena BN 'Escape' ovulation in women due to the missing of low dose combination oral contraceptive pills. Contraception 1980, 22:241-247.
73. Wang E, Shi S, Cekan SZ, Landgren BM, Diczfalusy E Hormonal consequences of "missing the Pill". Contraception 1982, 26:545-566.
74. Smith SK, Kirkman RJ, Arce BB, McNeilly AS, Loudon NB, Baird DT The effect of deliberate omission of trinordiol or microgynon on the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis. Contraception 1986, 34:513-522.
75. Hedon B, Cristol P, Plauchut A, Vallon AM, Desachampts F, Taillant ML, et al. Ovarian consequences of the transient interruption of combined oral contraceptives. Int J Fertil 1992, 37:270-276.
76. Letterie GS, Chow GE Effect of "missed" pills on oral contraceptive effectiveness. Obstet Gynecol 1992, 79:979-982.
77. Vallon AM, Cristol P, Hedon B, DeschamPs F, Plauchut A, Taillant M, et al. Ovarian suppressive activity of a low dose monophasic oral contraceptive during correct and incorrect pill intake. Contracept Fertil Sex (Paris) 1992, 20:521-529.
78. Killick SR, Bancroft K, Oelbaum S, Morris J, Elstein M Extending the duration of the pill-free interval during combined oral contraception. Adv Contracept 1990, 6:33-40.
79. Landgren BM, Csemiczky G The effect of follicular growth and luteal function of "missing the pill" A comparison between a monophasic and a triphasic combined oral contraceptive. Contraception 1991, 43:149-159.
80. Creinin MD, Lippman JS, Eder SE, Godwin AJ, Olson W The effect of extending the pill-free interval on follicular activity: triphasic norgestimate/35 micro g ethinyl estradiol versus monophasic levonorgestrel/20 micro g ethinyl estradiol. Contraception 2002, 66:147-152.