메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 148-157

Forest damage induced by wind/snow: A review

Author keywords

Forests; Stand managementions; Wind snow damage

Indexed keywords


EID: 14844292612     PISSN: 10000933     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 0031475067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting snow damage of tree with particular reference to European conditions
    • Nykänen M L, Peltola H, Quine C, et al. Factors affecting snow damage of tree with particular reference to European conditions. Silva Fennica, 1997, 31(2): 193-213.
    • (1997) Silva Fennica , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-213
    • Nykänen, M.L.1    Peltola, H.2    Quine, C.3
  • 2
    • 0345472096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model computations on the impacts of climatic change on soil frost with implications for windthrow risk of trees
    • Peltola H, Kellomäki S and Väisänen H. Model computations on the impacts of climatic change on soil frost with implications for windthrow risk of trees. Climate Change, 1997b, 41: 17-36.
    • (1997) Climate Change , vol.41 , pp. 17-36
    • Peltola, H.1    Kellomäki, S.2    Väisänen, H.3
  • 3
    • 84969700776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of forest regeneration in Bavaria after the storm damages in 1990
    • Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Borchert H, MöBnang M and Guglhör W. Development of forest regeneration in Bavaria after the storm damages in 1990. In: Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. 117-124.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees , pp. 117-124
    • Borchert, H.1    Möbnang, M.2    Guglhör, W.3
  • 4
    • 14844308669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extent of storms in the Ukrainian Carpathians
    • Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Lavnyy V, Lässig R. Extent of storms in the Ukrainian Carpathians. In: Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. 341-348.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees , pp. 341-348
    • Lavnyy, V.1    Lässig, R.2
  • 5
    • 14844283068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling probability of snow and wind damage in Scots pine stands using tree characteristics
    • Vlinger E, Fridman J. Modelling probability of snow and wind damage in Scots pine stands using tree characteristics. Forest Ecology and Management, 1997, 135: 303-313.
    • (1997) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.135 , pp. 303-313
    • Vlinger, E.1    Fridman, J.2
  • 6
    • 0034666606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An approach for estimating resistance of Japanese cedar to snow accretion damage
    • Kato A, Nakatani H. An approach for estimating resistance of Japanese cedar to snow accretion damage. Forest Ecology and Management, 2000, 135: 83-96.
    • (2000) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.135 , pp. 83-96
    • Kato, A.1    Nakatani, H.2
  • 7
    • 10444258428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration and restoration of Korean pine broadleaf mixed forest in windfall area
    • Hou X Y, Han J X. Regeneration and restoration of Korean pine broadleaf mixed forest in windfall area. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 1996, 32 (5): 420-425.
    • (1996) Scientia Silvae Sinicae , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 420-425
    • Hou, X.Y.1    Han, J.X.2
  • 8
    • 14844307550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The restoration and protection of the wind disaster-interfered area on the western slopes of the changbal mountains
    • Hou X Y, Han J X. The restoration and protection of the wind disaster-interfered area on the western slopes of the changbal mountains. Journal of Natural Resources, 1997, 12(1): 29-34.
    • (1997) Journal of Natural Resources , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-34
    • Hou, X.Y.1    Han, J.X.2
  • 9
    • 4344625294 scopus 로고
    • Review on forest conservation: Questions and tendency
    • Hou Y Z. Review on forest conservation: Questions and tendency. World Forest Research, 1992, 5(1): 1-6.
    • (1992) World Forest Research , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-6
    • Hou, Y.Z.1
  • 10
    • 14844333045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The venfor project: Wind and forest interactions from the tree scale to the landscape scale
    • Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Brunei Y, Fourcaud T, Achim A, et al. The venfor project: wind and forest interactions from the tree scale to the landscape scale. In: Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. 3-8.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees , pp. 3-8
    • Brunei, Y.1    Fourcaud, T.2    Achim, A.3
  • 11
    • 0023525281 scopus 로고
    • The dependence of hurricane intensity on climate
    • Emanuel K A. The dependence of hurricane intensity on climate. Nature, 1987, 326: 483-485.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 483-485
    • Emanuel, K.A.1
  • 12
    • 0002254917 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of methods for quantifying catastrophic wind damage to forests
    • Couttsn M P and Grace J. ed. . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Everham E M. A comparison of methods for quantifying catastrophic wind damage to forests. In: Couttsn M P and Grace J. ed. . Wind and trees. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 340-357.
    • (1995) Wind and Trees , pp. 340-357
    • Everham, E.M.1
  • 13
    • 0025626177 scopus 로고
    • Strong association between West African rainfall and US landfall of intense hurricanes
    • Gray W M. Strong association between West African rainfall and US landfall of intense hurricanes. Science, 1990, 249: 1251-1256.
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , pp. 1251-1256
    • Gray, W.M.1
  • 14
    • 0000284947 scopus 로고
    • Effect of weather and climatological background on snow damage of forests in southern Finland in November 1991
    • Solantie R. Effect of weather and climatological background on snow damage of forests in southern Finland in November 1991. Silva Fennica, 1994, 28(3): 203-211.
    • (1994) Silva Fennica , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 203-211
    • Solantie, R.1
  • 15
    • 0001037361 scopus 로고
    • Stability of coniferous tree stems in relation to damage by snow
    • Petty J A, Worrell R. Stability of coniferous tree stems in relation to damage by snow. Forestry, 1981, 54(2): 115-128.
    • (1981) Forestry , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-128
    • Petty, J.A.1    Worrell, R.2
  • 16
    • 0002822417 scopus 로고
    • Thinning regime in stands of Norway spruce subjected to snow and wind damage
    • Couttsn M P and Grace J, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Slodicok M. Thinning regime in stands of Norway spruce subjected to snow and wind damage. In: Couttsn M P and Grace J, eds. Wind and trees. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 436-557.
    • (1995) Wind and Trees , pp. 436-557
    • Slodicok, M.1
  • 17
    • 0001532451 scopus 로고
    • The influence of thinning and nitrogen fertilization on the frequency of snow and wind induced stand damage in forests
    • Valinger E, Lundqvist L. The influence of thinning and nitrogen fertilization on the frequency of snow and wind induced stand damage in forests. Scottish Forestry, 1992b, 46: 311-320.
    • (1992) Scottish Forestry , vol.46 , pp. 311-320
    • Valinger, E.1    Lundqvist, L.2
  • 18
    • 4344647918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beijing: China Forestry Press
    • He Q T. Forest Meteorology of China. Beijing: China Forestry Press, 2001. 62-69, 403-415.
    • (2001) Forest Meteorology of China , pp. 62-69
    • He, Q.T.1
  • 19
    • 0023490806 scopus 로고
    • An approach for predicting snow damage to ponderosa pine plantations
    • Megahan W F, Steele R. An approach for predicting snow damage to ponderosa pine plantations. Forest Science, 1987, 33(2): 485-503.
    • (1987) Forest Science , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 485-503
    • Megahan, W.F.1    Steele, R.2
  • 20
    • 5444244805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability of Forests to storm damage in a forest district of south-western Germany situated in the periphery of the 1999 storm (Lothar)
    • Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Kohnle U, Gauckler S. Vulnerability of Forests to storm damage in a forest district of south-western Germany situated in the periphery of the 1999 storm (Lothar). In: Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. 151-157.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees , pp. 151-157
    • Kohnle, U.1    Gauckler, S.2
  • 21
    • 0003002536 scopus 로고
    • An experimental investigation of the effects of dynamic loading on coniferous trees planted on wet mineral soils
    • Couttsn M P, Grace J, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Rodgers M, Casey A, Mcmenamin C, et al. An experimental investigation of the effects of dynamic loading on coniferous trees planted on wet mineral soils. In: Couttsn M P, Grace J, eds. Wind and trees. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 379-103.
    • (1995) Wind and Trees , pp. 379-1103
    • Rodgers, M.1    Casey, A.2    Mcmenamin, C.3
  • 22
    • 0034666680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling stem breakage caused by tyhoons in plantation Cryptomeria japonica forests
    • Chiba Y. Modelling stem breakage caused by tyhoons in plantation Cryptomeria japonica forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 2000, 135: 123-131.
    • (2000) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.135 , pp. 123-131
    • Chiba, Y.1
  • 23
    • 0033548870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the risk of snow damage to forests under short-term snow loading
    • Päätalo M L, Peltola H, Kellomäki S. Modelling the risk of snow damage to forests under short-term snow loading. Forest Ecology and Management, 1999, 116: 51-70.
    • (1999) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.116 , pp. 51-70
    • Päätalo, M.L.1    Peltola, H.2    Kellomäki, S.3
  • 24
    • 0027707036 scopus 로고
    • A mechanistic model for calculating windthrow and stem breakage of Scots pines at stand edge
    • Peltola H and Kellomäki S. A mechanistic model for calculating windthrow and stem breakage of Scots pines at stand edge. Silva Fennica, 1993, 27(2): 99-111.
    • (1993) Silva Fennica , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-111
    • Peltola, H.1    Kellomäki, S.2
  • 25
    • 0034666537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical stability of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch: An analysis of tree-pulling experiments in Finland
    • Peltola H, Kellomäki S and Hassinen A. Mechanical stability of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch: an analysis of tree-pulling experiments in Finland. Forest Ecology and Management, 2000, 135: 143-153.
    • (2000) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.135 , pp. 143-153
    • Peltola, H.1    Kellomäki, S.2    Hassinen, A.3
  • 26
    • 0022214436 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing stem break-age of conifers in high winds
    • Petty J A, Swain C. Factors influencing stem break-age of conifers in high winds. Forestry, 1985, 58(1): 75-85.
    • (1985) Forestry , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-85
    • Petty, J.A.1    Swain, C.2
  • 27
    • 0343487651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model computations on the critical combination of snow loading and windspeed for snow damage of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch sp. at stand edge
    • Peltola H, Nykänen M L and Kellomäki S. Model computations on the critical combination of snow loading and windspeed for snow damage of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch sp. at stand edge. Forest Ecology and Management, 1997a, 95: 229-241.
    • (1997) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.95 , pp. 229-241
    • Peltola, H.1    Nykänen, M.L.2    Kellomäki, S.3
  • 28
    • 0027966884 scopus 로고
    • Wind and snow damage in a thinning and fertilization experiment in Pinus sylvestris
    • Valinger E, Lundqvist L and Brandel G. Wind and snow damage in a thinning and fertilization experiment in Pinus sylvestris. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 1994, 9: 129-134.
    • (1994) Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , vol.9 , pp. 129-134
    • Valinger, E.1    Lundqvist, L.2    Brandel, G.3
  • 29
    • 14844289194 scopus 로고
    • Attacks of bark and wood-boring Coleoptera on snow-broken conifers over a two-year period
    • Schroeder L M, Eidmann H H. Attacks of bark and wood-boring Coleoptera on snow-broken conifers over a two-year period. Scandinavian Journal of Forestry, 1993, 69(12): 857-860.
    • (1993) Scandinavian Journal of Forestry , vol.69 , Issue.12 , pp. 857-860
    • Schroeder, L.M.1    Eidmann, H.H.2
  • 30
    • 0030872759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field and wind tunnel assessments of the implications of respacing and thinning for tree stability
    • Gardiner B A, Stacey G R, Belcher R E, et al. Field and wind tunnel assessments of the implications of respacing and thinning for tree stability. Forestry, 1997, 70(3): 233-252.
    • (1997) Forestry , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 233-252
    • Gardiner, B.A.1    Stacey, G.R.2    Belcher, R.E.3
  • 31
    • 14844317253 scopus 로고
    • Specially meteorological calamity in forest - Humid snow
    • Beijing: Meteorology Press
    • Hou Q A, specially meteorological calamity in forest - humid snow. Forest meteorology thesis collection. Beijing: Meteorology Press, 1984. 68-71.
    • (1984) Forest Meteorology Thesis Collection , pp. 68-71
    • Hou, Q.A.1
  • 32
    • 0000518689 scopus 로고
    • The influence of weather in the snow damage for forests of South-Finland in 1959
    • Solantie R, Ahti K. The influence of weather in the snow damage for forests of South-Finland in 1959. Silva Fennica, 1980, 14(4): 342 -353.
    • (1980) Silva Fennica , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 342-353
    • Solantie, R.1    Ahti, K.2
  • 33
    • 0001152848 scopus 로고
    • Branch breakage under snow and ice loads
    • Cannell M G R, Morgan J. Branch breakage under snow and ice loads. Tree Physiology, 1989, 5: 307-317.
    • (1989) Tree Physiology , vol.5 , pp. 307-317
    • Cannell, M.G.R.1    Morgan, J.2
  • 34
    • 0006924476 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished Honours Degree Thesis. Forestry Department, University of Aberdeen
    • Worrell R. Snow damages to the stems of coniferous trees. Unpublished Honours Degree Thesis. Forestry Department, University of Aberdeen, 1979, 132.
    • (1979) Snow Damages to the Stems of Coniferous Trees , pp. 132
    • Worrell, R.1
  • 35
    • 0025625587 scopus 로고
    • Bending of a conifer branch at subfreezing temperatures: Implications for snow interception
    • Schmidt R A, Pomeroy J W. Bending of a conifer branch at subfreezing temperatures: implications for snow interception. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1990, 20(8): 1250-1253.
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.20 , Issue.8 , pp. 1250-1253
    • Schmidt, R.A.1    Pomeroy, J.W.2
  • 36
    • 0027133745 scopus 로고
    • The use of a Geographical Information System to investigate storm damage to trees at Wykeham Forest, North Yorkshire
    • Wright J A, Quine C P. The use of a Geographical Information System to investigate storm damage to trees at Wykeham Forest, North Yorkshire. Scottish Forestry, 1993, 47(4): 166-174.
    • (1993) Scottish Forestry , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 166-174
    • Wright, J.A.1    Quine, C.P.2
  • 37
    • 0344685839 scopus 로고
    • Snow damage in Otago and Southland. New Zealand
    • Guild D W. Snow damage in Otago and Southland. New Zealand. Journal of Forestry, 1986, 31(2): 9-14.
    • (1986) Journal of Forestry , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 9-14
    • Guild, D.W.1
  • 38
    • 14844291271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a GIS based wind risk system for british forestry
    • Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Gardiner B A, Suárez E and Quine C P. Development of a GIS based wind risk system for british forestry. In: Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. 145-150.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees , pp. 145-150
    • Gardiner, B.A.1    Suárez, E.2    Quine, C.P.3
  • 39
    • 0002667877 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the risk of wind damage to forests: Practice and pitfalls
    • Couttsn M P and Grace J. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Quine C P. Assessing the risk of wind damage to forests: practice and pitfalls. In: Couttsn M P and Grace J. eds. Wind and trees. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 379-403.
    • (1995) Wind and Trees , pp. 379-403
    • Quine, C.P.1
  • 40
    • 14844335619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Windstorm LOTHAR: Orographic influences on storm damage in the black forest
    • Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Schmoeckel J, Kottmeier C J, Aldinger E, et al. Windstorm LOTHAR: Orographic influences on storm damage in the black forest. In: Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. 15-21.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees , pp. 15-21
    • Schmoeckel, J.1    Kottmeier, C.J.2    Aldinger, E.3
  • 41
    • 4344661686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow/wind induced damage in natural secondary forests in Liaodong mountainous regions, Liaoning Province
    • Li X F, Zhu J J, Wang Q L, et al. Snow/wind induced damage in natural secondary forests in Liaodong mountainous regions, Liaoning Province. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(6): 941-946.
    • (2004) Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 941-946
    • Li, X.F.1    Zhu, J.J.2    Wang, Q.L.3
  • 42
    • 0002686356 scopus 로고
    • Wind damage to New Zealand State plantation forests
    • Couttsn M P, Grace J. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Somerville A. Wind damage to New Zealand State plantation forests. In: Couttsn M P, Grace J. eds. Wind and trees. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 460-467.
    • (1995) Wind and Trees , pp. 460-467
    • Somerville, A.1
  • 43
    • 0002253591 scopus 로고
    • Snow damage in Australian pine plantations
    • Cremer K W, Carter P R, Minko G. Snow damage in Australian pine plantations. Australian Forestry, 1983, 46(1): 53-66.
    • (1983) Australian Forestry , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-66
    • Cremer, K.W.1    Carter, P.R.2    Minko, G.3
  • 44
    • 0009552368 scopus 로고
    • Snow damage in Eucalypt forests
    • Cremer K W. Snow damage in Eucalypt forests. Australian Forestry, 1983, 46(1): 48-52.
    • (1983) Australian Forestry , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 48-52
    • Cremer, K.W.1
  • 45
    • 0034666605 scopus 로고
    • Wind-induced forces in the near-surface lateral roots of radiata pine
    • Watson A. 2000. Wind-induced forces in the near-surface lateral roots of radiata pine. Forest Ecology and Management, 1983, 135: 133 -142.
    • (1983) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.135 , pp. 133-142
    • Watson, A.1
  • 46
    • 0001079649 scopus 로고
    • Wind measurements in a pine forest during a destructive gale
    • Oliver H R, Mayhead G J. Wind measurements in a pine forest during a destructive gale. Foresry, 1974, 47: 185-195.
    • (1974) Foresry , vol.47 , pp. 185-195
    • Oliver, H.R.1    Mayhead, G.J.2
  • 47
    • 0034666659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in maximum resistive bending moments of Pinus radiata tree grown on a range of soil types
    • Moore J R. Differences in maximum resistive bending moments of Pinus radiata tree grown on a range of soil types. Forest Ecology and Management, 2000, 135: 63-71.
    • (2000) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.135 , pp. 63-71
    • Moore, J.R.1
  • 48
    • 14844293802 scopus 로고
    • Components of tree stability
    • Coutts M P. Components of tree stability. Plant Soil, 1986, 71: 171-188.
    • (1986) Plant Soil , vol.71 , pp. 171-188
    • Coutts, M.P.1
  • 50
    • 14844324431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gale disasters in Slovakia: Consequences and management implications
    • Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Pavlík M, Pavlík Š. Gale disasters in Slovakia: Consequences and management implications. In: Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. 183-188.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees , pp. 183-188
    • Pavlík, M.1    Pavlík, Š.2
  • 51
    • 0001425574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical stability of pinus radiata trees at Eyrewell Forest investigated using static tests
    • Papesch A J G, Moore J R and Hawke A E. Mechanical stability of pinus radiata trees at Eyrewell Forest investigated using static tests. New Zealand Journal Forest Science, 1997, 27(2): 188-204.
    • (1997) New Zealand Journal Forest Science , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 188-204
    • Papesch, A.J.G.1    Moore, J.R.2    Hawke, A.E.3
  • 52
    • 0027846249 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the risk of snow and wind damage from tree physical characteristics
    • Valinger E, Lundqvist L and Bondesson L. Assessing the risk of snow and wind damage from tree physical characteristics. Forestrt, 1993, 66(3), 249-260.
    • (1993) Forestrt , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 249-260
    • Valinger, E.1    Lundqvist, L.2    Bondesson, L.3
  • 53
    • 14844293449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation and analysis on the yard tree's characteristic of resilience to wind
    • Chen S Y, Yang X H and Du C Z. Investigation and analysis on the yard tree's characteristic of resilience to wind. Protection Forest Science and Technology, 1999, 4 (41): 32-35.
    • (1999) Protection Forest Science and Technology , vol.4 , Issue.41 , pp. 32-35
    • Chen, S.Y.1    Yang, X.H.2    Du, C.Z.3
  • 54
    • 14844304218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bending stress analysis of 4 species of woods caused by wind pressure in coastal shelter forest
    • Li G Q, An S Q. The bending stress analysis of 4 species of woods caused by wind pressure in coastal shelter forest. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 1999, 23 (4): 76-80.
    • (1999) Journal of Nanjing Forestry University , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 76-80
    • Li, G.Q.1    An, S.Q.2
  • 56
    • 0000613328 scopus 로고
    • Effects of stocking and thinning on wind damage in plantations
    • Cremer K W, Borough C J. Effects of stocking and thinning on wind damage in plantations. New Zealand of Forestry Science, 1982, 12 (2): 244-268.
    • (1982) New Zealand of Forestry Science , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 244-268
    • Cremer, K.W.1    Borough, C.J.2
  • 57
    • 14844296023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population approach to study forest stand stability to wind: Individual tree-based mechanical modeling
    • Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Ancelin P, Courband B and Fourcaud T. A population approach to study forest stand stability to wind: individual tree-based mechanical modeling. In: Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. 239-246.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees , pp. 239-246
    • Ancelin, P.1    Courband, B.2    Fourcaud, T.3
  • 58
    • 0000634966 scopus 로고
    • Swaying of trees as caused by wind: Analysis of field measurements
    • Peltola H, Kellomäi S, Hassinen A, et al. Swaying of trees as caused by wind: analysis of field measurements. Silva Fennica, 1993, 27 (2): 113-126.
    • (1993) Silva Fennica , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-126
    • Peltola, H.1    Kellomäi, S.2    Hassinen, A.3
  • 59
    • 14844300051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind stability of trees on slopes
    • Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Achim A, Nicoll B, Mochan S, et al. Wind stability of trees on slopes. In: Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. 231-237.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees , pp. 231-237
    • Achim, A.1    Nicoll, B.2    Mochan, S.3
  • 60
    • 0030176704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model computations on wind flow and turning moment by wind for Scots pines along the margins of clear-cut areas
    • Peltola H. Model computations on wind flow and turning moment by wind for Scots pines along the margins of clear-cut areas. Forest Ecology and Management, 1996, 83: 203-215.
    • (1996) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.83 , pp. 203-215
    • Peltola, H.1
  • 62
    • 0001041661 scopus 로고
    • Managing pines in the ice-storm belt
    • Williston H L. Managing pines in the ice-storm belt. Journal of Forestry, 1974, 72 (9): 580-582.
    • (1974) Journal of Forestry , vol.72 , Issue.9 , pp. 580-582
    • Williston, H.L.1
  • 63
    • 0026325024 scopus 로고
    • Effects of mounds and stumps on the root architecture of Skitka spruce on a peaty gley restocking site
    • Quine C P, Burnand A C and Coutts M P. Effects of mounds and stumps on the root architecture of Skitka spruce on a peaty gley restocking site. Forestry, 1991, 64: 385-401.
    • (1991) Forestry , vol.64 , pp. 385-401
    • Quine, C.P.1    Burnand, A.C.2    Coutts, M.P.3
  • 64
    • 0030470120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiments on lodge pole pine seed origins in Britain
    • Forestry Commission, Edinburgh
    • Lines R. Experiments on lodge pole pine seed origins in Britain. In: Forestry Commission Technical. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, 1996. 10.
    • (1996) Forestry Commission Technical , pp. 10
    • Lines, R.1
  • 65
    • 14844319975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physioecological characteristics of some important silvicultural species growing in the dry-hot river valley
    • Gao J, Zhang S Y, Fu M F, et al. The physioecological characteristics of some important silvicultural species growing in the dry-hot river valley. Journal of Southwest Forestry College, 1997, 17(2): 30-35.
    • (1997) Journal of Southwest Forestry College , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 30-35
    • Gao, J.1    Zhang, S.Y.2    Fu, M.F.3
  • 66
    • 14844315879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study on the cultivation test of eucalyptus grandis eucalyptus urophylia and acacia mangium in pure and mixed forests
    • Liao J L. A study on the cultivation test of eucalyptus grandis eucalyptus urophylia and acacia mangium in pure and mixed forests. Journal of South China Normal University, 2000, 4: 70-73.
    • (2000) Journal of South China Normal University , vol.4 , pp. 70-73
    • Liao, J.L.1
  • 67
    • 14844323932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect on the crop and the main afforestation tree species of typhoon in Minnan seasiede
    • Lin W X. Effect on the crop and the main afforestation tree species of typhoon in Minnan seasiede. Protection Forest Science and Technology, 1999, (2): 16-18.
    • (1999) Protection Forest Science and Technology , Issue.2 , pp. 16-18
    • Lin, W.X.1
  • 68
    • 14844309566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects and Planting Techniques of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei Mixed Forest
    • Wang D X. Effects and Planting Techniques of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei Mixed Forest. Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology, 1998, 25 (4): 78-80.
    • (1998) Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 78-80
    • Wang, D.X.1
  • 69
    • 14844300050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vestigation report on a mixed forest of Pinus thunbergii and Platycladus orientalis
    • Wang C X, Sun C S, Li G H. In vestigation report on a mixed forest of Pinus thunbergii and Platycladus orientalis. Shandong Forestry And Technology, 1996, 6: 16-20.
    • (1996) Shandong Forestry and Technology , vol.6 , pp. 16-20
    • Wang, C.X.1    Sun, C.S.2    Li, G.H.3
  • 70
    • 0001553451 scopus 로고
    • Nicht Schnee, sondern falsche Bestandsbehandlung versacht Katastrophen
    • Johann K, Nicht Schnee, sondern falsche Bestandsbehandlung versacht Katastrophen. Allgemeine Forstzeitung, 1981, 92: 163-171.
    • (1981) Allgemeine Forstzeitung , vol.92 , pp. 163-171
    • Johann, K.1
  • 71
    • 0008387212 scopus 로고
    • Effect of fertilization on the growth, top damage and susceptibility to windthrow of Scots pine stands in Lapland
    • Hirvelä H, Hynynen J. Effect of fertilization on the growth, top damage and susceptibility to windthrow of Scots pine stands in Lapland. Folia Forestalia, 1990, 764: 16.
    • (1990) Folia Forestalia , vol.764 , pp. 16
    • Hirvelä, H.1    Hynynen, J.2
  • 72
    • 4344629794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thinning on wind damage in Pinus thunbergin plantation - Based on theoretical derivation of risk-ratios for assessing wind damage
    • Zhu J J, Li F Q, Matsuzaki T, et al. Effects of thinning on wind damage in Pinus thunbergin plantation - Based on theoretical derivation of risk-ratios for assessing wind damage. Journal of Forestry Research, 2003, 14: 1-8.
    • (2003) Journal of Forestry Research , vol.14 , pp. 1-8
    • Zhu, J.J.1    Li, F.Q.2    Matsuzaki, T.3
  • 73
    • 14844300758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discussion on the intensity of reasonable selection of spruce-fir stand
    • Wang B I, Wang Z, Zhang C J, et al. Discussion on the intensity of reasonable selection of spruce-fir stand. Forest Investigation Design, 1999, 2: 43-44.
    • (1999) Forest Investigation Design , vol.2 , pp. 43-44
    • Wang, B.I.1    Wang, Z.2    Zhang, C.J.3
  • 74
    • 14844319976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary analysis on phenomenon of windfall and perishing after thinning Picea crassifolia forest in Qilian Mountain
    • Song C F, Tu J X, Li R L, et al. Primary analysis on phenomenon of windfall and perishing after thinning Picea crassifolia forest in Qilian Mountain. Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology, 2001, 26 (1): 34-39.
    • (2001) Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-39
    • Song, C.F.1    Tu, J.X.2    Li, R.L.3
  • 75
    • 33645362381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical derivation of risk-ratios for assessing wind damage in a coastal forest
    • Zhu J J, Matsuzaki T, Li F Q, et al. Theoretical derivation of risk-ratios for assessing wind damage in a coastal forest. Journal of Forestry Research, 2002, 13 (4): 309-315.
    • (2002) Journal of Forestry Research , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 309-315
    • Zhu, J.J.1    Matsuzaki, T.2    Li, F.Q.3
  • 76
    • 14844330603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind damage in alternative silvicultural systems: Review and synthesis of previous studies
    • Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Moore J R, Mitchell S J and Maguire D A. Wind damage in alternative silvicultural systems: review and synthesis of previous studies. In: Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. 191-198.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees , pp. 191-198
    • Moore, J.R.1    Mitchell, S.J.2    Maguire, D.A.3
  • 78
    • 0024225974 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical calculations of the influrnce of spacing on stand stability
    • Blackburn P, Petty J A. Theoretical calculations of the influrnce of spacing on stand stability. Forestry, 1988b, 61: 29-43.
    • (1988) Forestry , vol.61 , pp. 29-43
    • Blackburn, P.1    Petty, J.A.2
  • 79
    • 0024873963 scopus 로고
    • A windthrow-risk estimation for coniferous trees
    • Galinski W. A windthrow-risk estimation for coniferous trees. Forestry, 1989, 61: 139-146.
    • (1989) Forestry , vol.61 , pp. 139-146
    • Galinski, W.1
  • 80
    • 4243719885 scopus 로고
    • Transformation of tree trunk caused by wind and snow load. Research Material Hokkaido Branch
    • Sawada M. Transformation of tree trunk caused by wind and snow load. Research Material Hokkaido Branch. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1983, 128: 18.
    • (1983) Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , vol.128 , pp. 18
    • Sawada, M.1
  • 81
    • 0001701898 scopus 로고
    • Deflection and resistance of tree stems subjected to snowloads in sugi stands
    • Nakatani H, Kato A, Taira H, et al. Deflection and resistance of tree stems subjected to snowloads in sugi stands, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 1984, 30: 886-893.
    • (1984) Mokuzai Gakkaishi , vol.30 , pp. 886-893
    • Nakatani, H.1    Kato, A.2    Taira, H.3
  • 82
    • 0032809350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mechanistic model for assessing the risk of wind and snow damage to single trees and stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce, and birch
    • Peltola H, Kellomäki S, Väisänen H, et al. A mechanistic model for assessing the risk of wind and snow damage to single trees and stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce, and birch. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1999, 29: 647-661.
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.29 , pp. 647-661
    • Peltola, H.1    Kellomäki, S.2    Väisänen, H.3
  • 83
    • 14844304217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of effects of thinning on wind damage in Pinus thunbergii plantations
    • Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Zhu J J, Matsuzaki T, Li F Q, et al. Assessment of effects of thinning on wind damage in Pinus thunbergii plantations. In: Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. 295-303.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees , pp. 295-303
    • Zhu, J.J.1    Matsuzaki, T.2    Li, F.Q.3
  • 84
    • 0038322033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling relative wind speed by optical stratification porosity within canopy of a coastal protective forest with different stem densities
    • Zhu J J, Gonda Y, Matsuzaki T, et al. Modeling relative wind speed by optical stratification porosity within canopy of a coastal protective forest with different stem densities. Silva Fennica, 2003, 37: 189-204.
    • (2003) Silva Fennica , vol.37 , pp. 189-204
    • Zhu, J.J.1    Gonda, Y.2    Matsuzaki, T.3
  • 86
    • 14644417606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating wind - A tool for assessing the probability of wind damage to forest stands
    • Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Blennow K, Olofsson E and Olasallnäs A O. Evaluating wind - A tool for assessing the probability of wind damage to forest stands. In: Ruck B, Kottmeier C, Mattheck C, et al. eds. Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees. Published by Lab Building, Environment Aerodynamics, Institute of Hydrology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003. 137-144.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference of Wind Effects on Trees , pp. 137-144
    • Blennow, K.1    Olofsson, E.2    Olasallnäs, A.O.3
  • 87
    • 0034600261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two models for predicting the critical wind speeds required to damage coniferous trees
    • Gardner B A, Peltola H and Kellomäki S. Comparison of two models for predicting the critical wind speeds required to damage coniferous trees. Ecological Modelling, 2000, 129: 1-23.
    • (2000) Ecological Modelling , vol.129 , pp. 1-23
    • Gardner, B.A.1    Peltola, H.2    Kellomäki, S.3
  • 88
    • 0004864763 scopus 로고
    • Silmuscen and Glingen user's guide. Guidelines for the construction of climatic scenarios and use of stochastic weather generator in the Finnish
    • Carter T, Posch M and Tuomenvirta H. Silmuscen and Glingen user's guide. Guidelines for the construction of climatic scenarios and use of stochastic weather generator in the Finnish. Research Programme on Climate Change, 1995. 62.
    • (1995) Research Programme on Climate Change , pp. 62
    • Carter, T.1    Posch, M.2    Tuomenvirta, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.