Elevated internal exposure of children in simulated acute inhalation of volatile organic compounds: Effects of concentration and duration

Archives of Toxicology

Volumn 79, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 63-73

  Abraham, Klaus ^a   Mielke, Hans ^a   Huisinga, Wilhelm ^b   Gundert Remy, Ursula ^a  

^a FEDERAL INSTITUTE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT   (Germany)

^b FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Children; Inhalation; Kinetics; Model; Risk assessment; Styrene

Indexed keywords

STYRENE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

ADULT; AGE; ARTERIAL BLOOD; ARTICLE; BLOOD LEVEL; CALCULATION; CHILD; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXPOSURE; HUMAN; INHALATION; MALE; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; NEWBORN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIMULATION; TOXICOKINETICS;

ADMINISTRATION, INHALATION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGING; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; ORGANIC CHEMICALS; STYRENE; TIME FACTORS; VOLATILIZATION;

EID: 14644406909     PISSN: 03405761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-004-0599-3     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Abraham K, Mielke H, Huisinga W, Gundert-Remy U (2005) Internal exposure of children by acute inhalation of volatile organic compounds: the influence of chemical properties on the child/adult concentration ratio. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 96: in press
2. Alverson DC, Eldridge M, Dillon T, Yabek SM, Berman W (1982) Noninvasive pulsed Doppler determination of cardiac output in neonates and children. J Pediatr 101:46-50
3. Alverson DC, Aldrich M, Angelus P, Backstrom C, Werner S (1987) Longitudinal trends in left ventricular cardiac output in healthy infants in the first year of life. J Ultrasound Med 6:519-524
4. Chiron C, Raynaud C, Maziere B, Zilbovicius M, Laflamme L, Masure MC, Dulac O, Bourguignon M, Syrota A (1992) Changes in regional cerebral blood flow during brain maturation in children and adolescents. J Nucl Med 33:696-703
5. Cohen Hubal EA, Sheldon LS, Burke JM, McCurdy TR, Berry MR, Rigas ML, Zartarian VG, Freeman NC (2000) Children's exposure assessment: a review of factors influencing children's exposure, and the data available to characterize and assess that exposure. Environ Health Perspect 108:475-486
6. Cresteil T (1998) Onset of xenobiotic metabolism in children: toxicological implications. Food Addit Contam 15 (Suppl):45-51
7. Csanady GA, Mendrala AL, Nolan RJ, Filser JG (1994) A physiologic pharmacokinetic model for styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide in mouse, rat and man. Arch Toxicol 68:143-157
8. Dourson M, Charnley G, Scheuplein R (2002) Differential sensitivity of children and adults to chemical toxicity. II. Risk and regulation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 35:448-467
9. Evans JM, Hogg MI, Rosen M (1977) Measurement of carbon dioxide output, alveolar carbon dioxide concentration and alveolar ventilation in the neonate. Br J Anaesth 49:453-456
10. Fiserova-Bergerova V (1983) Modeling of inhalation exposure to vapors: uptake, distribution, and elimination, vols I and II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida
11. Ginsberg G, Slikker W Jr, Bruckner J, Sonawane B (2004) Incorporating children's toxicokinetics into a risk framework. Environ Health Perspect 112:272-283
12. Grunert D, Schoning M, Rosendahl W (1990) Renal blood flow and flow velocity in children and adolescents: duplex Doppler evaluation. Eur J Pediatr 149:287-292
13. Hattis D, Ginsberg G, Sonawane B, Smolenski S, Russ A, Kozlak M, Goble R (2003) Differences in pharmacokinetics between children and adults. II. Children's variability in drug elimination half-lives and in some parameters needed for physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling. Risk Anal 23:117-142
14. Hill JR, Rahimtulla KA (1965) Heat balance and the metabolic rate of newborn babies. J Physiol 180:239-265
15. ICRP Publication 89 (2003) Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. Elsevier, Oxford
16. Johanson G (1991) Modelling of respiratory exchange of polar solvents. Ann Occup Hyg 35:323-339
17. Kerr AA (1976) Dead space ventilation in normal children and children with obstructive airways disease. Thorax 31:63-69
18. Lagneaux D, Mossay C, Geubelle F, Christiaens G (1988) Alveolar data in healthy, awake neonates during spontaneous ventilation: a preliminary investigation. Pediatr Pulmonol 5:225-231
19. Layton DW (1993) Metabolically consistent breathing rates for use in dose assessments. Health Phys 64:23-36
20. Lees MH, Way RC, Ross BB (1967) Ventilation and respiratory gas transfer of infants with increased pulmonary blood flow. Pediatrics 40:259-271
21. Leggett RW, Williams LR (1995) A proposed blood circulation model for Reference Man. Health Phys 69:187-201
22. Meulenberg CJ, Vijverberg HP (2000) Empirical relations predicting human and rat tissue: air partition coefficients of volatile organic compounds. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 165:206-216
23. Nelson NM, Prod'hom LS, Cherry RB, Lipsitz PJ, Smith CA (1962) Pulmonary function in the newborn infant. I. Methods: Ventilation and gaseous metabolism. Pediatrics 30:963-974
24. Pelekis M, Gephart LA, Lerman SE (2001) Physiological-model-based derivation of the adult and child pharmacokinetic intraspecies uncertainty factors for volatile organic compounds. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 33:12-20
25. Pierce CH, Becker CE, Tozer TN, Owen DJ, So Y (1998) Modeling the acute neurotoxicity of styrene. J Occup Environ Med 40:230-240
26. Polgar G, Weng TR (1979) The functional development of the respiratory system. From the period of gestation to adulthood. Am Rev Respir Dis 120:625-695
27. Price K, Haddad S, Krishnan K (2003) Physiological modeling of age-specific changes in the pharmacokinetics of organic chemicals in children. J Toxicol Environ Health A 66:417-433
28. Ramsey JC, Andersen ME (1984) A physiologically based description of the inhalation pharmacokinetics of styrene in rats and humans. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 73:159-175
29. Renwick AG, Dorne JL, Walton K (2000) An analysis of the need for an additional uncertainty factor for infants and children. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 31:286-296
30. Sandberg K, Sjoqvist BA, Hjalmarson O, Olsson T (1984) Analysis of alveolar ventilation in the newborn. Arch Dis Child 59:542-547
31. Sarangapani R, Gentry PR, Covington TR, Teeguarden JG, Clewell HJ (2003) Evaluation of the potential impact of age- and gender-specific lung morphology and ventilation rate on the dosimetry of vapors. Inhal Toxicol 15:987-1016
32. Scheuplein R, Charnley G, Dourson M (2002) Differential sensitivity of children and adults to chemical toxicity. I. Biological basis. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 35:429-447
33. Schöning M, Hartig B (1996) Age dependence of total cerebral blood flow volume from childhood to adulthood. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16:827-833
34. US-AEGL committee (2001) Standing operating procedures for developing acute exposure guideline levels for hazardous chemicals. National Academy Press, Washington DC
35. US-EPA (1994) Methods for derivation of inhalation reference concentrations and application of inhalation dosimetry (doc. no. EPA/600/8-90/066F). Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
36. Vieira I, Sonnier M, Cresteil T (1996) Developmental expression of CYP2E1 in the human liver. Hypermethylation control of gene expression during the neonatal period. Eur J Biochem 238:476-483
37. Visser MO, Leighton JO, van de Bor M, Walther FJ (1992) Renal blood flow in neonates: quantification with color flow and pulsed Doppler US. Radiology 183:441-444
38. Williams LR, Leggett RW (1989) Reference values for resting blood flow to organs of man. Clin Phys Physiol Meas 10:187-217