Philosophy in the english boudoir: Havelock Ellis, love and pain, and sexological discourses on algophilia

Journal of the History of Sexuality

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 275-305

  Crozier, Ivan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 14144255101     PISSN: 10434070     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/sex.2005.0007     Document Type: Review

References (169)

1. See Barry Barnes, "On the Conventional Character of Knowledge and Cognition," Philosophy of the Social Sciences 11 (1981): 303-33.
2. See Georges Canguilhem, "The History of Science," in Arthur Goldhammer, trans., and François Delaporte, ed., A Vital Rationalist (New York, 1994), 25-40. See also Barry Barnes's discussion of finitism in T. S. Kuhn and Social Science (London, 1982).
3. See Georges Canguilhem, "The History of Science," in Arthur Goldhammer, trans., and François Delaporte, ed., A Vital Rationalist (New York, 1994), 25-40. See also Barry Barnes's discussion of finitism in T. S. Kuhn and Social Science (London, 1982).
4. His long study of a female patient, Florrie, is the best example of Ellis's politics at play.
5. Lesley Hall, "'The English Have Hot Water Bottles': The Morganatic Marriage between Sexology and Medicine since William Acton," in Roy Porter and Mikulas Teich, eds., Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Science (Cambridge, 1994), 350-66. This low status was related to a number of social and moral factors as well as to the efforts of medicine in nineteenth-century England to make itself more respectable.
6. See, for example, the review of Carpenter, The Intermediate Sex (London, 1908), in British Medical Journal (1909): 1547, and compare it with the favorable reviews that Ellis's work received.
7. For more on these views see works in the Strong Programme in the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge, especially Barnes, T. S. Kuhn and Social Science.
8. Naturally, Ellis was consciously reconstructing his own history when he used particular sources. One must be careful to keep this point in mind when reading Ellis's histories of sexology. See Ivan Crozier, "Havelock Ellis, Historian of Sexuality," Proceedings of the 6th Biennial Conference of the Australian Society for the History of Medicine (Sydney, 1999), unpaginated.
9. Although they have often been conflated, there are entirely different logics of practice behind Leopold von Sacher-Masoch's Venus in Furs (1870), the Marquis de Sade's Justine (1797), and Krafft-Ebing's psychological writings. While some sexual practices involve switching between the two algophilic modes, this essay is concerned with sexological writing about algophilia, not about what people may or may not have done in bed. For a sophisticated discussion of the differences between sadism and masochism see Gilles Deleuze, "Coldness and Cruelty," in Masochism (New York, 1991), which includes a reprint of Sacher-Masoch's Venus in Furs.
10. Although they have often been conflated, there are entirely different logics of practice behind Leopold von Sacher-Masoch's Venus in Furs (1870), the Marquis de Sade's Justine (1797), and Krafft-Ebing's psychological writings. While some sexual practices involve switching between the two algophilic modes, this essay is concerned with sexological writing about algophilia, not about what people may or may not have done in bed. For a sophisticated discussion of the differences between sadism and masochism see Gilles Deleuze, "Coldness and Cruelty," in Masochism (New York, 1991), which includes a reprint of Sacher-Masoch's Venus in Furs.
11. Although they have often been conflated, there are entirely different logics of practice behind Leopold von Sacher-Masoch's Venus in Furs (1870), the Marquis de Sade's Justine (1797), and Krafft-Ebing's psychological writings. While some sexual practices involve switching between the two algophilic modes, this essay is concerned with sexological writing about algophilia, not about what people may or may not have done in bed. For a sophisticated discussion of the differences between sadism and masochism see Gilles Deleuze, "Coldness and Cruelty," in Masochism (New York, 1991), which includes a reprint of Sacher-Masoch's Venus in Furs.
12. Although they have often been conflated, there are entirely different logics of practice behind Leopold von Sacher-Masoch's Venus in Furs (1870), the Marquis de Sade's Justine (1797), and Krafft-Ebing's psychological writings. While some sexual practices involve switching between the two algophilic modes, this essay is concerned with sexological writing about algophilia, not about what people may or may not have done in bed. For a sophisticated discussion of the differences between sadism and masochism see Gilles Deleuze, "Coldness and Cruelty," in Masochism (New York, 1991), which includes a reprint of Sacher-Masoch's Venus in Furs.
13. Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Psychopathis Sexualis (Philadelphia, 1893), 80, cited in Ellis, Love and Pain, in Studies in the Psychology of Sex (Philadelphia, 1936), 2:105. For more general works on Sade and sadism see Pierre Klosowski, Sade My Neighbour, trans. Alphonso Lingis (London, 1992); Iwan Bloch, Marquis de Sade: His Life and Works(New York, 1931); Gert Hekma, "Sade, Masculinity, and Sexual Humiliation," online at http://www.pscw.uva.nl/gl/.
14. Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Psychopathis Sexualis (Philadelphia, 1893), 80, cited in Ellis, Love and Pain, in Studies in the Psychology of Sex (Philadelphia, 1936), 2:105. For more general works on Sade and sadism see Pierre Klosowski, Sade My Neighbour, trans. Alphonso Lingis (London, 1992); Iwan Bloch, Marquis de Sade: His Life and Works(New York, 1931); Gert Hekma, "Sade, Masculinity, and Sexual Humiliation," online at http://www.pscw.uva.nl/gl/.
15. Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Psychopathis Sexualis (Philadelphia, 1893), 80, cited in Ellis, Love and Pain, in Studies in the Psychology of Sex (Philadelphia, 1936), 2:105. For more general works on Sade and sadism see Pierre Klosowski, Sade My Neighbour, trans. Alphonso Lingis (London, 1992); Iwan Bloch, Marquis de Sade: His Life and Works(New York, 1931); Gert Hekma, "Sade, Masculinity, and Sexual Humiliation," online at http://www.pscw.uva.nl/gl/.
16. Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Psychopathis Sexualis (Philadelphia, 1893), 80, cited in Ellis, Love and Pain, in Studies in the Psychology of Sex (Philadelphia, 1936), 2:105. For more general works on Sade and sadism see Pierre Klosowski, Sade My Neighbour, trans. Alphonso Lingis (London, 1992); Iwan Bloch, Marquis de Sade: His Life and Works(New York, 1931); Gert Hekma, "Sade, Masculinity, and Sexual Humiliation," online at http://www.pscw.uva.nl/gl/.
17. Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Psychopathis Sexualis (Philadelphia, 1893), 80, cited in Ellis, Love and Pain, in Studies in the Psychology of Sex (Philadelphia, 1936), 2:105. For more general works on Sade and sadism see Pierre Klosowski, Sade My Neighbour, trans. Alphonso Lingis (London, 1992); Iwan Bloch, Marquis de Sade: His Life and Works(New York, 1931); Gert Hekma, "Sade, Masculinity, and Sexual Humiliation," online at http://www.pscw.uva.nl/gl/.
18. Albert Moll, Die konträre Sexualempfindung, 3rd ed. (1899), cited in Ellis, Love and Pain, 105.
19. Albert Moll, Die konträre Sexualempfindung, 3rd ed. (1899), cited in Ellis, Love and Pain, 105.
20. Charles Féré, The Evolution and Dissolution of the Sexual Instinct, trans. Charles Carrington, 2nd ed. (Paris, 1904). More will be said about Féré below.
21. Pierre Garnier, "Des perversions sexuelle," in XIIIe Congrès International de Médecine tenu à Paris du 2 au 9 Août 1900 (Paris, 1901). Ellis adopted this idea from the American psychiatrist James Kiernan.
22. R. Lasserre, Origine animale, innéité et éclosion de la perversion sadique (Bordeaux, 1898).
23. Bloch, Marquis de Sade. See also Iwan Bloch, Sexual Life in England (London, 1965), chap. 12, "Flagellomania," 270-322, and The Sexual Life of Our Time, trans. Eden Paul (London, 1908), chap. 21, "Algolagnia," 555-608.
24. Bloch, Marquis de Sade. See also Iwan Bloch, Sexual Life in England (London, 1965), chap. 12, "Flagellomania," 270-322, and The Sexual Life of Our Time, trans. Eden Paul (London, 1908), chap. 21, "Algolagnia," 555-608.
25. Bloch, Marquis de Sade. See also Iwan Bloch, Sexual Life in England (London, 1965), chap. 12, "Flagellomania," 270-322, and The Sexual Life of Our Time, trans. Eden Paul (London, 1908), chap. 21, "Algolagnia," 555-608.
26. Ellis, Love and Pain, 111.
27. Krafft-Ebing, Psychopathia Sexualis, 115, cited in Ellis, Love and Pain, 111.
28. Krafft-Ebing, Psychopathia Sexualis, 115, cited in Ellis, Love and Pain, 111.
29. Dimitry Stefanowsky, "Passivism - A Variety of Sexual Perversion," trans. with notes by James Kiernan, Alienist and Neurologist (October 1892): 650-57, 650-51. Originally published in Archives de l'Anthropologie Criminelle (May 1892).
30. Dimitry Stefanowsky, "Passivism - A Variety of Sexual Perversion," trans. with notes by James Kiernan, Alienist and Neurologist (October 1892): 650-57, 650-51. Originally published in Archives de l'Anthropologie Criminelle (May 1892).
31. Ibid., 652.
32. Ibid., 653. Much later, Freud wrote of moral masochism. See below.
33. Ibid., 657.
34. Charles Féré, The Pathology of Emotions: Physiological and Clinical Studies, trans. Robert Park (London, 1899), 400.
35. Féré, The Evolution and Dissolution, 163-64.
36. Ibid., 165.
37. I b i d.
38. Ibid., 166.
39. See Albert von Schrenck-Notzing, Suggestion Therapy, trans. C. G. Chaddock (1892; Philadelphia, 1895).
40. Albert Eulenburg, Sadismus und Masochismus (Wiesbaden, 1902; 2nd ed., 1911).
41. Such a conflation of sadism and masochism was addressed by Deleuze in "Coldness and Cruelty," where he argued that there was a distinct difference between the two forms of sexual expression that were unfortunately adopted by psychoanalytic theory and thus popularized. Deleuze insists that the two conditions have pain as a symptom rather than an important aspect of the condition.
42. For further discussion of Clevenger see Frank J. Sulloway, Freud, Biologist of the Mind: Beyond the Psychoanalytic Legend (London, 1979), 219-20.
43. S. V. Clevenger, "Hunger: The Primitive Desire," Science, January 15, 1881: 14.
44. I b i d.
45. Ibid. Clevenger's important ideas were overlooked by Patrick Geddes and J. A. Thomson in their Evolution of Sex (London, 1889), 279-81, although they rehearse some aspects of the American's work in less detail.
46. Ibid. Clevenger's important ideas were overlooked by Patrick Geddes and J. A. Thomson in their Evolution of Sex (London, 1889), 279-81, although they rehearse some aspects of the American's work in less detail.
47. E. C. Spitzka, "Note in Regard to 'Primitive Desires,'" Science, June 25, 1881: 302. Spitzka was referring to Krafft-Ebing's "Ueber gewisse Anomalies des Geschlectstriebs und die klinisch-forensich Verwenthug derselben als eines wahrscheinlich functionellen Degenerationszeichens des centralen Nervensystems," Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 7 (1877): 291-312.
48. E. C. Spitzka, "Note in Regard to 'Primitive Desires,'" Science, June 25, 1881: 302. Spitzka was referring to Krafft-Ebing's "Ueber gewisse Anomalies des Geschlectstriebs und die klinisch-forensich Verwenthug derselben als eines wahrscheinlich functionellen Degenerationszeichens des centralen Nervensystems," Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 7 (1877): 291-312.
49. S. V. Clevenger, Comparative Physiology and Psychology (Chicago, 1885), 19. Hereafter cited in text.
50. S. V. Clevenger, The Evolution of Man and His Mind (Chicago, 1903), 333-47.
51. See James Kiernan, "Sexual Perversion and the Whitechapel Murders," Medical Standard 4 (1888): 556-70. For more on Kiernan see Ivan Crozier, "James Kiernan and the Responsible Pervert," International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 25, no. 4 (2002): 331-50.
52. See James Kiernan, "Sexual Perversion and the Whitechapel Murders," Medical Standard 4 (1888): 556-70. For more on Kiernan see Ivan Crozier, "James Kiernan and the Responsible Pervert," International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 25, no. 4 (2002): 331-50.
53. James Kiernan, "Psychological Aspects of the Sexual Appetite," Alienist and Neurologist (1891): 188-218, and
54. "Responsibility in Sexual Perversion," Chicago Medical Recorder (March 1892): 185-210. These two papers are nearly identical.
55. James Kiernan, "Responsibility in Active Algophily," Medicine (April 1903).
56. Kiernan, "Responsibility in Sexual Perversion," 202.
57. Ibid. See Frank Lydston, "Sexual Perversion, Satyriasis and Nymphomania," in Frank Lydston, Addresses and Essays, 2nd ed. (Louisville, 1892), 243-64. For more on nymphomania see Carol Groneman, Nymphomania: A History (New York, 2000), and "Nymphomania and the Historical Construction of Female Sexuality," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 19 (1994): 337-67. For the historical background to nymphomania see Fernando Vidal, "Nymphomania and the Gendering of the Imagination in the Eighteenth Century," Max-Planck Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, preprint series, 2003. I would like to thank Dr. Vidal for showing me this significant article before publication.
58. Ibid. See Frank Lydston, "Sexual Perversion, Satyriasis and Nymphomania," in Frank Lydston, Addresses and Essays, 2nd ed. (Louisville, 1892), 243-64. For more on nymphomania see Carol Groneman, Nymphomania: A History (New York, 2000), and "Nymphomania and the Historical Construction of Female Sexuality," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 19 (1994): 337-67. For the historical background to nymphomania see Fernando Vidal, "Nymphomania and the Gendering of the Imagination in the Eighteenth Century," Max-Planck Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, preprint series, 2003. I would like to thank Dr. Vidal for showing me this significant article before publication.
59. Ibid. See Frank Lydston, "Sexual Perversion, Satyriasis and Nymphomania," in Frank Lydston, Addresses and Essays, 2nd ed. (Louisville, 1892), 243-64. For more on nymphomania see Carol Groneman, Nymphomania: A History (New York, 2000), and "Nymphomania and the Historical Construction of Female Sexuality," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 19 (1994): 337-67. For the historical background to nymphomania see Fernando Vidal, "Nymphomania and the Gendering of the Imagination in the Eighteenth Century," Max-Planck Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, preprint series, 2003. I would like to thank Dr. Vidal for showing me this significant article before publication.
60. Ibid. See Frank Lydston, "Sexual Perversion, Satyriasis and Nymphomania," in Frank Lydston, Addresses and Essays, 2nd ed. (Louisville, 1892), 243-64. For more on nymphomania see Carol Groneman, Nymphomania: A History (New York, 2000), and "Nymphomania and the Historical Construction of Female Sexuality," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 19 (1994): 337-67. For the historical background to nymphomania see Fernando Vidal, "Nymphomania and the Gendering of the Imagination in the Eighteenth Century," Max-Planck Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, preprint series, 2003. I would like to thank Dr. Vidal for showing me this significant article before publication.
61. Ibid. See Frank Lydston, "Sexual Perversion, Satyriasis and Nymphomania," in Frank Lydston, Addresses and Essays, 2nd ed. (Louisville, 1892), 243-64. For more on nymphomania see Carol Groneman, Nymphomania: A History (New York, 2000), and "Nymphomania and the Historical Construction of Female Sexuality," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 19 (1994): 337-67. For the historical background to nymphomania see Fernando Vidal, "Nymphomania and the Gendering of the Imagination in the Eighteenth Century," Max-Planck Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, preprint series, 2003. I would like to thank Dr. Vidal for showing me this significant article before publication.
62. Such as Alfred Binet, "Le fétichisme dans l'amour," Revue Philosophique 24 (1887): 143-67, 252-74.
63. Harold Moyer, "Is Sexual Perversion Insanity?" Alienist and Neurologist(May 1907): 193-204, 198.
64. Ibid., 201.
65. Ibid., 200.
66. Kiernan, "Responsibility in Active Algophily."
67. Kiernan, comments on Moyer, "Is Sexual Perversion Insanity?" 204.
68. I b i d.
69. For more on Acton and child sexuality, including spanking, see Ivan Crozier, "A Note on William Acton's Medicalisation of Child Sexuality," Journal of Family History 26 (2001): 411-20.
70. This view was famously expressed in Johann Heinrich Meibom, Tractus de usu flagrorum in re medica et veneria (1639).
71. William Acton, "Reflections on the Possible Motives of the Coram-Street Murder," Lancet (1873): 115.
72. W. A. F. Browne, "Necrophilism," Journal of Mental Science (January 1875): 551-60, 560. For more on Browne see Andrew Scull, Charlotte Mackenzie, and Nicholas Hervey, Masters of Bedlam: The Transformation of the Mad-Doctoring Trade (Princeton, N.J., 1996), 84-122.
73. W. A. F. Browne, "Necrophilism," Journal of Mental Science (January 1875): 551-60, 560. For more on Browne see Andrew Scull, Charlotte Mackenzie, and Nicholas Hervey, Masters of Bedlam: The Transformation of the Mad-Doctoring Trade (Princeton, N.J., 1996), 84-122.
74. Comment on the quarterly meeting of the Medico-Psychological Society, 1874, Journal of Mental Science 20 (1874): 319.
75. T. Claye Shaw, "A Prominent Motive in Murder," Lancet (1909): 1735-38.
76. Ibid., 1736.
77. Ibid., 1737.
78. See M. J. Peterson, The Medical Profession in Mid-Victorian London (Berkeley, 1978); Anne Digby, Making a Medical Living (Cambridge, 1994), and The Evolution of General Medical Practice, 1850-1948 (Oxford, 1999).
79. See M. J. Peterson, The Medical Profession in Mid-Victorian London (Berkeley, 1978); Anne Digby, Making a Medical Living (Cambridge, 1994), and The Evolution of General Medical Practice, 1850-1948 (Oxford, 1999).
80. See M. J. Peterson, The Medical Profession in Mid-Victorian London (Berkeley, 1978); Anne Digby, Making a Medical Living (Cambridge, 1994), and The Evolution of General Medical Practice, 1850-1948 (Oxford, 1999).
81. Digby, Making a Medical Living, 44.
82. See Ivan Crozier, "William Acton and the History of Sexuality: The Professional and Medical Contexts," Journal of Victorian Culture 5 (2000): 1-27.
83. See Miriam Benn, Predicaments of Love (London, 1992); and Roy Porter and Lesley Hall, The Facts of Life (New Haven, Conn., 1995).
84. See Miriam Benn, Predicaments of Love (London, 1992); and Roy Porter and Lesley Hall, The Facts of Life (New Haven, Conn., 1995).
85. Ivan Crozier, "Making a Space for Medical Expertise: Constructing the Boundaries between Medicine and Law in Cases of Sexual Assault," in Julie Early and Sheila Sullivan, eds., Constructing Legal Narratives (Cambridge, forthcoming).
86. Ivan Crozier, "The Medical Construction of Homosexuality and Its Relation to the Law in Nineteenth-Century England," Medical History 45 (2001): 61-82.
87. See Havelock Ellis, introduction to James Hinton, Life in Nature (London, 1932); Chris Nottingham, Pursuit of Serenity (Amsterdam, 1999).
88. See Havelock Ellis, introduction to James Hinton, Life in Nature (London, 1932); Chris Nottingham, Pursuit of Serenity (Amsterdam, 1999).
89. In 1896 Ellis wrote an early positive English response to Nietzsche's work in The Savoy, reprinted as "Nietzsche," in Havelock Ellis, Selected Essays (London, 1936), 1-54.
90. In 1896 Ellis wrote an early positive English response to Nietzsche's work in The Savoy, reprinted as "Nietzsche," in Havelock Ellis, Selected Essays (London, 1936), 1-54.
91. See Jeffrey Weeks, "Havelock Ellis and the Politics of Homosexuality," in Sheila Rowbotham and Jeffrey Weeks, Socialism and the New Life (London, 1977), reprinted in Jeffrey Weeks, Making Sexual History (London, 2000), 1-52; and Nottingham.
92. See Jeffrey Weeks, "Havelock Ellis and the Politics of Homosexuality," in Sheila Rowbotham and Jeffrey Weeks, Socialism and the New Life (London, 1977), reprinted in Jeffrey Weeks, Making Sexual History (London, 2000), 1-52; and Nottingham.
93. See especially his Sex in Relation to Society (Philadelphia, 1910).
94. Ellis, "The Mechanism of Sexual Deviation," in Eonism and Other Supplementary Studies (Philadelphia, 1927), 121-212, 212.
95. For instance, the father in Edmund Gosse, Father and Son (London, 1901). See also F. M. Turner, Between Science and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England (New Haven, Conn., 1974), "The Victorian Conflict between Science and Religion: A Professional Dimension," Isis 69 (1978): 356-76, and Contesting Cultural Authority (Cambridge, 1994).
96. For instance, the father in Edmund Gosse, Father and Son (London, 1901). See also F. M. Turner, Between Science and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England (New Haven, Conn., 1974), "The Victorian Conflict between Science and Religion: A Professional Dimension," Isis 69 (1978): 356-76, and Contesting Cultural Authority (Cambridge, 1994).
97. For instance, the father in Edmund Gosse, Father and Son (London, 1901). See also F. M. Turner, Between Science and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England (New Haven, Conn., 1974), "The Victorian Conflict between Science and Religion: A Professional Dimension," Isis 69 (1978): 356-76, and Contesting Cultural Authority (Cambridge, 1994).
98. For instance, the father in Edmund Gosse, Father and Son (London, 1901). See also F. M. Turner, Between Science and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England (New Haven, Conn., 1974), "The Victorian Conflict between Science and Religion: A Professional Dimension," Isis 69 (1978): 356-76, and Contesting Cultural Authority (Cambridge, 1994).
99. See Thomas Gieryn on John Tyndall in "Boundary Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science," American Sociological Review 48 (1983): 781-95, and Cultural Boundaries of Science (Chicago, 1999); Adrian Desmond, Huxley: The Devil's Disciple (London, 1994), and Huxley: Evolution's High Priest (London, 1997); Evelleen Richards, "The 'Moral Anatomy' of Robert Knox: The Interplay between Biological and Social Thought in Victorian Scientific Naturalism," Journal of the History of Biology 14 (1989): 373-436. For rhetoric in science and medicine see David Harley, "Rhetoric and the Social Construction of Sickness and Healing," Social History of Medicine 12 (1999): 407-35.
100. See Thomas Gieryn on John Tyndall in "Boundary Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science," American Sociological Review 48 (1983): 781-95, and Cultural Boundaries of Science (Chicago, 1999); Adrian Desmond, Huxley: The Devil's Disciple (London, 1994), and Huxley: Evolution's High Priest (London, 1997); Evelleen Richards, "The 'Moral Anatomy' of Robert Knox: The Interplay between Biological and Social Thought in Victorian Scientific Naturalism," Journal of the History of Biology 14 (1989): 373-436. For rhetoric in science and medicine see David Harley, "Rhetoric and the Social Construction of Sickness and Healing," Social History of Medicine 12 (1999): 407-35.
101. See Thomas Gieryn on John Tyndall in "Boundary Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science," American Sociological Review 48 (1983): 781-95, and Cultural Boundaries of Science (Chicago, 1999); Adrian Desmond, Huxley: The Devil's Disciple (London, 1994), and Huxley: Evolution's High Priest (London, 1997); Evelleen Richards, "The 'Moral Anatomy' of Robert Knox: The Interplay between Biological and Social Thought in Victorian Scientific Naturalism," Journal of the History of Biology 14 (1989): 373-436. For rhetoric in science and medicine see David Harley, "Rhetoric and the Social Construction of Sickness and Healing," Social History of Medicine 12 (1999): 407-35.
102. See Thomas Gieryn on John Tyndall in "Boundary Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science," American Sociological Review 48 (1983): 781-95, and Cultural Boundaries of Science (Chicago, 1999); Adrian Desmond, Huxley: The Devil's Disciple (London, 1994), and Huxley: Evolution's High Priest (London, 1997); Evelleen Richards, "The 'Moral Anatomy' of Robert Knox: The Interplay between Biological and Social Thought in Victorian Scientific Naturalism," Journal of the History of Biology 14 (1989): 373-436. For rhetoric in science and medicine see David Harley, "Rhetoric and the Social Construction of Sickness and Healing," Social History of Medicine 12 (1999): 407-35.
103. See Thomas Gieryn on John Tyndall in "Boundary Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science," American Sociological Review 48 (1983): 781-95, and Cultural Boundaries of Science (Chicago, 1999); Adrian Desmond, Huxley: The Devil's Disciple (London, 1994), and Huxley: Evolution's High Priest (London, 1997); Evelleen Richards, "The 'Moral Anatomy' of Robert Knox: The Interplay between Biological and Social Thought in Victorian Scientific Naturalism," Journal of the History of Biology 14 (1989): 373-436. For rhetoric in science and medicine see David Harley, "Rhetoric and the Social Construction of Sickness and Healing," Social History of Medicine 12 (1999): 407-35.
104. See Thomas Gieryn on John Tyndall in "Boundary Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science," American Sociological Review 48 (1983): 781-95, and Cultural Boundaries of Science (Chicago, 1999); Adrian Desmond, Huxley: The Devil's Disciple (London, 1994), and Huxley: Evolution's High Priest (London, 1997); Evelleen Richards, "The 'Moral Anatomy' of Robert Knox: The Interplay between Biological and Social Thought in Victorian Scientific Naturalism," Journal of the History of Biology 14 (1989): 373-436. For rhetoric in science and medicine see David Harley, "Rhetoric and the Social Construction of Sickness and Healing," Social History of Medicine 12 (1999): 407-35.
105. See Phyllis Grosskurth, Havelock Ellis (London, 1980); Nottingham.
106. See T. S. Kuhn, "The Historical Structure of Scientific Discovery," in T. S. Kuhn, The Essential Tension (Chicago, 1977), 165-77, esp. 175.
107. In this section Love and Pain will be cited in the text.
108. Havelock Ellis, Sexual Inversion (London, 1897), 4.
109. See Havelock Ellis, Man and Woman (London, 1890); see also the later text by Edward Carpenter, Sexual Intermediate Types (Manchester, 1908).
110. See Havelock Ellis, Man and Woman (London, 1890); see also the later text by Edward Carpenter, Sexual Intermediate Types (Manchester, 1908).
111. This is typical for classical sexology. For more on ideas of gender and their relation to the development of sexology see Ivan Crozier, "Sexologie et la concepts du normal, 1860-1900," Cahiers Au Genre 43 (2003).
112. For more on Ellis's ideas about Eonism (named transvestism by Magnus Hirschfeld) see Ivan Crozier, "Havelock Ellis, Eonism and the Patients' Discourse; or, Writing a Book about Sex," History of Psychiatry 7 (2000): 125-54.
113. Havelock Ellis, Sexual Inversion, 3rd ed. (Philadelphia, 1915), 288.
114. See Havelock Ellis, Analysis of the Sexual Impulse, which preceded Love and Pain in the collected Studies in the Psychology of Sex. In Analysis Ellis extended the work of Albert Moll in perhaps one of the most important sexological texts; see Moll, Libido Sexualis (1897; New York, 1933).
115. See Havelock Ellis, Analysis of the Sexual Impulse, which preceded Love and Pain in the collected Studies in the Psychology of Sex. In Analysis Ellis extended the work of Albert Moll in perhaps one of the most important sexological texts; see Moll, Libido Sexualis (1897; New York, 1933).
116. See Havelock Ellis, The Evolution of Modesty (Leipzig, 1899; 2nd ed. in Studies, 1901; 3rd ed., revised and enlarged, in Studies, 1915).
117. For more on the case-history style of reasoning see John Forrester, "If p, Then What? Thinking in Cases," History of the Human Sciences (1996): 1-25; Crozier, "Havelock Ellis, Eonism, and the Patients' Discourses."
118. For more on the case-history style of reasoning see John Forrester, "If p, Then What? Thinking in Cases," History of the Human Sciences (1996): 1-25; Crozier, "Havelock Ellis, Eonism, and the Patients' Discourses."
119. See Havelock Ellis, "The History of Florrie." This case was first published in the Psychoanalytic Review in 1919, six years after the second edition of Love and Pain. It should also be added that Florrie contacted Ellis after reading Love and Pain (163).
120. I address how Ellis got his cases in "Havelock Ellis, Eonism, and the Patients' Discourses" and in my forthcoming book, Constructing Sexual Inversion.
121. E. Régis, "Un cas de perversion sexuelle, à forme sadique," Archives de l'Anthropologie Criminelle (July 1899), reproduced in Ellis, Love and Pain.
122. E. Régis, "Un cas de perversion sexuelle, à forme sadique," Archives de l'Anthropologie Criminelle (July 1899), reproduced in Ellis, Love and Pain.
123. See, for example, The Evolution of Modesty, Analysis of the Sexual Impulse (1903; 2nd ed., revised and enlarged, 1913), Sexual Selection in Man (1905), and Sex in Relation to Society (1910), where these ideas are prevalent but adapted to Ellis's own standpoint.
124. The preceding paragraph owes much to Jerome Ravetz, Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems (Oxford, 1970), and Barnes, "On the Conventional Character," as well as other works by Barnes. To a lesser extent it also exhibits some of the concerns of Michel Foucault as expressed in The Archaeology of Knowledge (London, 1972).
125. The preceding paragraph owes much to Jerome Ravetz, Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems (Oxford, 1970), and Barnes, "On the Conventional Character," as well as other works by Barnes. To a lesser extent it also exhibits some of the concerns of Michel Foucault as expressed in The Archaeology of Knowledge (London, 1972).
126. Review of Love and Pain in Medical News (1903): 624.
127. James Kiernan, "Sexology News," Urologie and Cutaneous Review (November 1913): 605.
128. See Crozier, "Taking Prisoners: Havelock Ellis, Sigmund Freud, and the Construction of Homosexuality, 1897-1951," Social History of Medicine 13 (2000): 447-66, for a discussion of some of the implications of this relating to Ellis's and Freud's work on homosexuality. See also George Makari, "Towards Defining the Freudian Unconscious: Seduction, Sexology and the Negative of Perversion (1896-1905)," History of Psychiatry 3 (1997): 459-86, for more on the relations between sexology and psychoanalysis.
129. See Crozier, "Taking Prisoners: Havelock Ellis, Sigmund Freud, and the Construction of Homosexuality, 1897-1951," Social History of Medicine 13 (2000): 447-66, for a discussion of some of the implications of this relating to Ellis's and Freud's work on homosexuality. See also George Makari, "Towards Defining the Freudian Unconscious: Seduction, Sexology and the Negative of Perversion (1896-1905)," History of Psychiatry 3 (1997): 459-86, for more on the relations between sexology and psychoanalysis.
130. Sigmund Freud, Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905), trans. James Strachey, in Angela Richardson, ed., On Sexuality (London, 1991), 73, citing Ellis, Love and Pain (1913 ed.), 119.
131. Sigmund Freud, Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905), trans. James Strachey, in Angela Richardson, ed., On Sexuality (London, 1991), 73, citing Ellis, Love and Pain (1913 ed.), 119.
132. Sigmund Freud, Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905), trans. James Strachey, in Angela Richardson, ed., On Sexuality (London, 1991), 73, citing Ellis, Love and Pain (1913 ed.), 119.
133. See Sigmund Freud, "The Economic Problem of Masochism" (1924), in James Strachey, ed. and trans., The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (London, 1953-74), 19:159-70.
134. [Isador] J. Sadger, "Über den sado-masochistichen Komplex," Jahrbuch für psychoanalytische und psychopathologische Forschung 5 (1913): 157-232. Translations are my own.
135. Ibid., 176.
136. Ibid., 186, 195.
137. Marie Bonaparte, "Some Biopsychical Aspects of Sado-Masochism," International Journal for Psycho-Analysis 33 (1952), reprinted in H. M. Ruitenbeek, ed., The First Freudians (New York, 1973), 164-93.
138. Marie Bonaparte, "Some Biopsychical Aspects of Sado-Masochism," International Journal for Psycho-Analysis 33 (1952), reprinted in H. M. Ruitenbeek, ed., The First Freudians (New York, 1973), 164-93.
139. S. Nacht, Le masochisme: étude historique, clinique, psychogénétique et thérapeutique (Paris, 1938), 15. Translations are my own.
140. Karen Horney, "The Problem of Feminine Masochism," Psychoanalytic Review 12 (1935), reprinted in Jean Baker Miller, ed., Psychoanalysis and Women (Harmondsworth, 1973), 21-38.
141. Karen Horney, "The Problem of Feminine Masochism," Psychoanalytic Review 12 (1935), reprinted in Jean Baker Miller, ed., Psychoanalysis and Women (Harmondsworth, 1973), 21-38.
142. Helene Deutsch, "The Significance of Masochism in the Mental Life of Women," pt. 1, "'Feminine' Masochism and Its Relation to Frigidity," International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 11 (1930): 48-61; Sandor Rado, "Fear of Castration in Women," Psychoanalytic Quarterly 2 (1933): 424-75 ; Horney, "Female Masochism," 22.
143. Helene Deutsch, "The Significance of Masochism in the Mental Life of Women," pt. 1, "'Feminine' Masochism and Its Relation to Frigidity," International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 11 (1930): 48-61; Sandor Rado, "Fear of Castration in Women," Psychoanalytic Quarterly 2 (1933): 424-75 ; Horney, "Female Masochism," 22.
144. Helene Deutsch, "The Significance of Masochism in the Mental Life of Women," pt. 1, "'Feminine' Masochism and Its Relation to Frigidity," International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 11 (1930): 48-61; Sandor Rado, "Fear of Castration in Women," Psychoanalytic Quarterly 2 (1933): 424-75 ; Horney, "Female Masochism," 22.
145. Horney, "Female Masochism," 23.
146. Ibid., 38.
147. Wilhelm Stekel, Sadism and Masochism: The Psychology of Hatred and Cruelty, trans. Louise Brink, 2 vols. (London, 1929), 1:30.
148. See Ellis, World of Dreams (London, 1911); also see Crozier, "Taking Prisoners," for more about Ellis and psychoanalysis.
149. See Ellis, World of Dreams (London, 1911); also see Crozier, "Taking Prisoners," for more about Ellis and psychoanalysis.
150. Stekel, Sadism and Masochism, 1:239.
151. I b i d.
152. Ibid., 242.
153. Ellis, "The History of Florrie," 207.
154. Florrie to Havelock Ellis, British Library Add MS 70539, July 24, 1921.
155. This has been done in part by John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission: Inventions of Masochism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1997). By using the term historical epistemology I want to evoke the work of Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Arnold I. Davidson: Canguilhem, Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), The Vital Rationalist, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (New York, 1994), and On the Normal and Pathological, trans. Caroline Fawcett (New York, 1989); Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (1978; London, 1990), The Order of Things (1966; New York, 1970), and Archaeology of Knowledge (1968; New York, 1972); and Davidson, "How to Do the History of Psychoanalysis: A Reading of Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 13 (1986-87): 252-77, "Closing up the Corpses: Diseases of Sexuality and the Emergence of the Psychiatric Style of Reasoning," in George Boolos, ed., Meaning and Method: Essays in Honour of Hilary Putnam (Cambridge, 1990), 295-325, and "Sex and the Emergence of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 14 (1987): 16-48. These are reprinted with other essays in Davidson, The Emergence of Sexuality (Cambridge, Mass., 2001).
156. This has been done in part by John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission: Inventions of Masochism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1997). By using the term historical epistemology I want to evoke the work of Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Arnold I. Davidson: Canguilhem, Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), The Vital Rationalist, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (New York, 1994), and On the Normal and Pathological, trans. Caroline Fawcett (New York, 1989); Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (1978; London, 1990), The Order of Things (1966; New York, 1970), and Archaeology of Knowledge (1968; New York, 1972); and Davidson, "How to Do the History of Psychoanalysis: A Reading of Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 13 (1986-87): 252-77, "Closing up the Corpses: Diseases of Sexuality and the Emergence of the Psychiatric Style of Reasoning," in George Boolos, ed., Meaning and Method: Essays in Honour of Hilary Putnam (Cambridge, 1990), 295-325, and "Sex and the Emergence of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 14 (1987): 16-48. These are reprinted with other essays in Davidson, The Emergence of Sexuality (Cambridge, Mass., 2001).
157. This has been done in part by John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission: Inventions of Masochism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1997). By using the term historical epistemology I want to evoke the work of Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Arnold I. Davidson: Canguilhem, Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), The Vital Rationalist, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (New York, 1994), and On the Normal and Pathological, trans. Caroline Fawcett (New York, 1989); Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (1978; London, 1990), The Order of Things (1966; New York, 1970), and Archaeology of Knowledge (1968; New York, 1972); and Davidson, "How to Do the History of Psychoanalysis: A Reading of Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 13 (1986-87): 252-77, "Closing up the Corpses: Diseases of Sexuality and the Emergence of the Psychiatric Style of Reasoning," in George Boolos, ed., Meaning and Method: Essays in Honour of Hilary Putnam (Cambridge, 1990), 295-325, and "Sex and the Emergence of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 14 (1987): 16-48. These are reprinted with other essays in Davidson, The Emergence of Sexuality (Cambridge, Mass., 2001).
158. This has been done in part by John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission: Inventions of Masochism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1997). By using the term historical epistemology I want to evoke the work of Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Arnold I. Davidson: Canguilhem, Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), The Vital Rationalist, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (New York, 1994), and On the Normal and Pathological, trans. Caroline Fawcett (New York, 1989); Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (1978; London, 1990), The Order of Things (1966; New York, 1970), and Archaeology of Knowledge (1968; New York, 1972); and Davidson, "How to Do the History of Psychoanalysis: A Reading of Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 13 (1986-87): 252-77, "Closing up the Corpses: Diseases of Sexuality and the Emergence of the Psychiatric Style of Reasoning," in George Boolos, ed., Meaning and Method: Essays in Honour of Hilary Putnam (Cambridge, 1990), 295-325, and "Sex and the Emergence of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 14 (1987): 16-48. These are reprinted with other essays in Davidson, The Emergence of Sexuality (Cambridge, Mass., 2001).
159. This has been done in part by John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission: Inventions of Masochism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1997). By using the term historical epistemology I want to evoke the work of Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Arnold I. Davidson: Canguilhem, Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), The Vital Rationalist, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (New York, 1994), and On the Normal and Pathological, trans. Caroline Fawcett (New York, 1989); Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (1978; London, 1990), The Order of Things (1966; New York, 1970), and Archaeology of Knowledge (1968; New York, 1972); and Davidson, "How to Do the History of Psychoanalysis: A Reading of Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 13 (1986-87): 252-77, "Closing up the Corpses: Diseases of Sexuality and the Emergence of the Psychiatric Style of Reasoning," in George Boolos, ed., Meaning and Method: Essays in Honour of Hilary Putnam (Cambridge, 1990), 295-325, and "Sex and the Emergence of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 14 (1987): 16-48. These are reprinted with other essays in Davidson, The Emergence of Sexuality (Cambridge, Mass., 2001).
160. This has been done in part by John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission: Inventions of Masochism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1997). By using the term historical epistemology I want to evoke the work of Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Arnold I. Davidson: Canguilhem, Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), The Vital Rationalist, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (New York, 1994), and On the Normal and Pathological, trans. Caroline Fawcett (New York, 1989); Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (1978; London, 1990), The Order of Things (1966; New York, 1970), and Archaeology of Knowledge (1968; New York, 1972); and Davidson, "How to Do the History of Psychoanalysis: A Reading of Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 13 (1986-87): 252-77, "Closing up the Corpses: Diseases of Sexuality and the Emergence of the Psychiatric Style of Reasoning," in George Boolos, ed., Meaning and Method: Essays in Honour of Hilary Putnam (Cambridge, 1990), 295-325, and "Sex and the Emergence of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 14 (1987): 16-48. These are reprinted with other essays in Davidson, The Emergence of Sexuality (Cambridge, Mass., 2001).
161. This has been done in part by John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission: Inventions of Masochism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1997). By using the term historical epistemology I want to evoke the work of Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Arnold I. Davidson: Canguilhem, Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), The Vital Rationalist, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (New York, 1994), and On the Normal and Pathological, trans. Caroline Fawcett (New York, 1989); Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (1978; London, 1990), The Order of Things (1966; New York, 1970), and Archaeology of Knowledge (1968; New York, 1972); and Davidson, "How to Do the History of Psychoanalysis: A Reading of Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 13 (1986-87): 252-77, "Closing up the Corpses: Diseases of Sexuality and the Emergence of the Psychiatric Style of Reasoning," in George Boolos, ed., Meaning and Method: Essays in Honour of Hilary Putnam (Cambridge, 1990), 295-325, and "Sex and the Emergence of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 14 (1987): 16-48. These are reprinted with other essays in Davidson, The Emergence of Sexuality (Cambridge, Mass., 2001).
162. This has been done in part by John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission: Inventions of Masochism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1997). By using the term historical epistemology I want to evoke the work of Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Arnold I. Davidson: Canguilhem, Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), The Vital Rationalist, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (New York, 1994), and On the Normal and Pathological, trans. Caroline Fawcett (New York, 1989); Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (1978; London, 1990), The Order of Things (1966; New York, 1970), and Archaeology of Knowledge (1968; New York, 1972); and Davidson, "How to Do the History of Psychoanalysis: A Reading of Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 13 (1986-87): 252-77, "Closing up the Corpses: Diseases of Sexuality and the Emergence of the Psychiatric Style of Reasoning," in George Boolos, ed., Meaning and Method: Essays in Honour of Hilary Putnam (Cambridge, 1990), 295-325, and "Sex and the Emergence of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 14 (1987): 16-48. These are reprinted with other essays in Davidson, The Emergence of Sexuality (Cambridge, Mass., 2001).
163. This has been done in part by John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission: Inventions of Masochism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1997). By using the term historical epistemology I want to evoke the work of Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Arnold I. Davidson: Canguilhem, Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), The Vital Rationalist, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (New York, 1994), and On the Normal and Pathological, trans. Caroline Fawcett (New York, 1989); Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (1978; London, 1990), The Order of Things (1966; New York, 1970), and Archaeology of Knowledge (1968; New York, 1972); and Davidson, "How to Do the History of Psychoanalysis: A Reading of Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 13 (1986-87): 252-77, "Closing up the Corpses: Diseases of Sexuality and the Emergence of the Psychiatric Style of Reasoning," in George Boolos, ed., Meaning and Method: Essays in Honour of Hilary Putnam (Cambridge, 1990), 295-325, and "Sex and the Emergence of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 14 (1987): 16-48. These are reprinted with other essays in Davidson, The Emergence of Sexuality (Cambridge, Mass., 2001).
164. This has been done in part by John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission: Inventions of Masochism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1997). By using the term historical epistemology I want to evoke the work of Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Arnold I. Davidson: Canguilhem, Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), The Vital Rationalist, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (New York, 1994), and On the Normal and Pathological, trans. Caroline Fawcett (New York, 1989); Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (1978; London, 1990), The Order of Things (1966; New York, 1970), and Archaeology of Knowledge (1968; New York, 1972); and Davidson, "How to Do the History of Psychoanalysis: A Reading of Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 13 (1986-87): 252-77, "Closing up the Corpses: Diseases of Sexuality and the Emergence of the Psychiatric Style of Reasoning," in George Boolos, ed., Meaning and Method: Essays in Honour of Hilary Putnam (Cambridge, 1990), 295-325, and "Sex and the Emergence of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 14 (1987): 16-48. These are reprinted with other essays in Davidson, The Emergence of Sexuality (Cambridge, Mass., 2001).
165. This has been done in part by John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission: Inventions of Masochism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1997). By using the term historical epistemology I want to evoke the work of Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Arnold I. Davidson: Canguilhem, Ideology and Rationality in the History of the Life Sciences, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), The Vital Rationalist, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (New York, 1994), and On the Normal and Pathological, trans. Caroline Fawcett (New York, 1989); Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (1978; London, 1990), The Order of Things (1966; New York, 1970), and Archaeology of Knowledge (1968; New York, 1972); and Davidson, "How to Do the History of Psychoanalysis: A Reading of Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 13 (1986-87): 252-77, "Closing up the Corpses: Diseases of Sexuality and the Emergence of the Psychiatric Style of Reasoning," in George Boolos, ed., Meaning and Method: Essays in Honour of Hilary Putnam (Cambridge, 1990), 295-325, and "Sex and the Emergence of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry 14 (1987): 16-48. These are reprinted with other essays in Davidson, The Emergence of Sexuality (Cambridge, Mass., 2001).
166. This view of Ellis was promulgated by Margaret Jackson, "Sexology and the Construction of Male Sexuality," in Lai Coveny et al., The Sexuality Papers: Male Sexuality and the Social Control of Women (London, 1984); Andrea Dworkin, Pornography: Men Possessing Women (London, 1981) ; and Sheila Jeffreys, The Spinster and Her Enemies (1985; Melbourne, 1997). Lesley Hall has written against these polemical interpretations in "Feminist Reconfigurations of Heterosexuality in the 1920s," in Lucy Bland and Laura Doan, eds., Sexology in Culture (Chicago, 1999).
167. This view of Ellis was promulgated by Margaret Jackson, "Sexology and the Construction of Male Sexuality," in Lai Coveny et al., The Sexuality Papers: Male Sexuality and the Social Control of Women (London, 1984); Andrea Dworkin, Pornography: Men Possessing Women (London, 1981) ; and Sheila Jeffreys, The Spinster and Her Enemies (1985; Melbourne, 1997). Lesley Hall has written against these polemical interpretations in "Feminist Reconfigurations of Heterosexuality in the 1920s," in Lucy Bland and Laura Doan, eds., Sexology in Culture (Chicago, 1999).
168. This view of Ellis was promulgated by Margaret Jackson, "Sexology and the Construction of Male Sexuality," in Lai Coveny et al., The Sexuality Papers: Male Sexuality and the Social Control of Women (London, 1984); Andrea Dworkin, Pornography: Men Possessing Women (London, 1981) ; and Sheila Jeffreys, The Spinster and Her Enemies (1985; Melbourne, 1997). Lesley Hall has written against these polemical interpretations in "Feminist Reconfigurations of Heterosexuality in the 1920s," in Lucy Bland and Laura Doan, eds., Sexology in Culture (Chicago, 1999).
169. This view of Ellis was promulgated by Margaret Jackson, "Sexology and the Construction of Male Sexuality," in Lai Coveny et al., The