What determines the strength of a trophic cascade?

Ecology

Volumn 86, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 528-537

  Borer, E T ^a,d   Seabloom, E W ^a   Shurin, J B ^b   Anderson, K E ^c   Blanchette, C A ^c   Broitman, B ^c   Cooper, S D ^c   Halpern, B S ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Herbivore; Indirect effect; Meta analysis; Predator; Productivity; Trophic cascade

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; META-ANALYSIS; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTION; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; TROPHIC CASCADE;

INVERTEBRATA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 13544262384     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/03-0816     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Abrams, P. A. 1993. Why predation rate should not be proportional to predator density. Ecology 74:726-733.
2. Agrawal, A. A. 1998. Induced responses to herbivory and increased plant performance. Science 279:1201-1202.
3. Arnqvist, G., and D. Wooster. 1995a. Meta-analysis: synthesizing research findings in ecology and evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10:236-240.
4. Arnqvist, G., and D. Wooster. 1995b. Statistical power of methods of meta-analysis. Reply. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10:460-461.
5. Bigger, D. S., and M. A. Marvier. 1998. How different would a world without herbivory be? A search for generality in ecology. Integrative Biology 1:60-67.
6. Brett, M. T., and C. R. Goldman. 1996. A meta-analysis of the freshwater trophic cascade. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 93:7723-7726.
7. Brett, M. T., and D. C. Muller-Navarra. 1997. The role of highly unsaturated fatty acids in aquatic food web processes. Freshwater Biology 38:483-499.
8. Brown, J. H. 1986. Two decades of interaction between the Macarthur-Wilson model and the complexities of mammalian distributions. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 28:231-251.
9. Carpenter, S. R., K. L. Cottingham, and D. E. Schindler. 1992. Biotic feedbacks in lake phosphorus cycles. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:332-336.
10. Cebrian, J. 1999. Patterns in the fate of production in plant communities. American Naturalist 154:449-468.
11. Crawley, M. J., editor. 1997. Plant ecology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
12. Cyr, H., and M. L. Pace. 1993. Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Nature 361: 148-150.
13. Elser, J. J., D. R. Dobberfuhl, N. A. MacKay, and J. H. Schampel. 1996. Organism size, life history, and N:P stoichiometry. BioScience 46:674-684.
14. Elser, J. J., W. F. Pagan, R. F. Denno, D. R. Dobberfuhl, A. Folarin, A. Huberty, S. Interlandi, S. S. Kilham, E. McCauley, K. L. Schulz, E. H. Siemann, and R. W. Sterner. 2000. Nutritional constraints in terrestrial and freshwater food webs. Nature 408:578-580.
15. Elser, J. J., and C. R. Goldman. 1991. Zooplankton effects on phytoplankton in lakes of contrasting trophic status. Limnology and Oceanography 36:64-90.
16. Englund, G., O. Sarnelle, and S. D. Cooper. 1999. The importance of data-selection criteria: meta-analyses of stream predation experiments. Ecology 80:1132-1141.
17. Fagan, W. F. 1997. Omnivory as a stabilizing feature of natural communities. American Naturalist 150:554-567.
18. Gurevitch, J., and L. V. Hedges. 1999. Statistical issues in ecological meta-analyses. Ecology 80:1142-1149.
19. Hairston, N. G., F. E. Smith, and L. B. Slobodkin. 1960. Community structure, population control, and competition. American Naturalist 94:421-425.
20. Halaj, J., and D. H. Wise. 2001. Terrestrial trophic cascades: how much do they trickle? American Naturalist 157:262-281.
21. Hedges, L. V., J. Gurevitch, and P. S. Curtis. 1999. The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology. Ecology 80:1150-1156.
22. Holt, R. D., and G. A. Polis. 1997. A theoretical framework for intraguild predation. American Naturalist 149:745-764.
23. Hunter, M. D., and P. W. Price. 1992. Playing chutes and ladders: heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities. Ecology 73: 724-732.
24. Huntly, N. 1991. Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22:477-503.
25. Lajeunesse, M. J., and M. R. Forbes. 2003. Variable reporting and quantitative reviews: a comparison of three meta-analytical techniques. Ecology Letters 6:448-454.
26. Leibold, M. A. 1989. Resource edibility and the effects of predators and productivity on the outcome of trophic interactions. American Naturalist 134:922-949.
27. Leibold, M. A., J. M. Chase, J. B. Shurin, and A. L. Downing. 1997. Species turnover and the regulation of trophic structure. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28:467-494.
28. McNaughton, S. J. 2001. Herbivory and trophic interactions. Pages 101-122 in J. Roy, B. Saugier, and H. A. Mooney, editors. Terrestrial global productivity: past, present, future. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
29. Menge, B. A. 1992. Community regulation: under what conditions are bottom-up factors important on rocky shores? Ecology 73:755-765.
30. Menge, B. A. 1997. Detection of direct versus indirect effects: were experiments long enough? American Naturalist 149:801-823.
31. Menge, B. A., and J. P. Sutherland. 1987. Community regulation: variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental stress and recruitment. American Naturalist 130:730-757.
32. Micheli, F. 1999. Eutrophication, fisheries, and consumer-resource dynamics in marine pelagic ecosystems. Science 285:1396-1398.
33. Murdoch, W. 1966. Community structure, population control, and competition: a critique. American Naturalist 100:219-226.
34. Oksanen, L., S. D. Fretwell, J. Arruda, and P. Niemela. 1981. Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity. American Naturalist 118:240-261.
35. Oksanen, L., and T. Oksanen. 2000. The logic and realism of the hypothesis of exploitation ecosystems. American Naturalist 155:703-723.
36. Osenberg, C. W., O. Sarnelle, S. D. Cooper, and R. D. Holt. 1999. Resolving ecological questions through meta-analysis: goals, metrics, and models. Ecology 80:1105-1117.
37. Pace, M. L., J. J. Cole, S. R. Carpenter, and J. F. Kitchell. 1999. Trophic cascades revealed in diverse ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14:483-488.
38. Persson, L. 1999. Trophic cascades: abiding heterogeneity and the trophic level concept at the end of the road. Oikos 85:385-397.
39. Pinnegar, J. K., N. V. C. Polunin, P. Francour, F. Badalamenti, R. Chemello, M. L. Harmelin-Vivien, B. Hereu, M. Milazzo, M. Zabala, G. D'Anna, and C. Pipitone. 2000. Trophic cascades in benthic marine ecosystems: lessons for fisheries and protected-area management. Environmental Conservation 27:179-200.
40. Polis, G. A. 1999. Why are parts of the world green? Multiple factors control productivity and the distribution of biomass. Oikos 86:3-15.
41. Polis, G. A., A. L. W. Sears, G. R. Huxel, D. R. Strong, and J. Maron. 2000. When is a trophic cascade a trophic cascade? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15:473-475.
42. Polis, G. A., and D. R. Strong. 1996. Food web complexity and community dynamics. American Naturalist 147:813-846.
43. Polis, G. A., and K. O. Winemiller, editors. 1996. Food webs: integration of pattern and dynamics. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
44. Sala, E., and M. H. Graham. 2002. Community-wide distribution of predator-prey interaction strength in kelp forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 99:3678-3683.
45. Schmitz, O. J., P. A. Hamback, and A. P. Beckerman. 2000. Trophic cascades in terrestrial systems: a review of the effects of carnivore removals on plants. American Naturalist 155:141-153.
46. Schmitz, O. J., V. Krivan, and O. Ovadia. 2004. Trophic cascades: the primacy of trait-mediated indirect interactions. Ecology Letters 7:153-163.
47. Shurin, J. B., E. T. Borer, E. W. Seabloom, K. Anderson, C. A. Blanchette, B. Broitman, S. D. Cooper, and B. S. Halpern. 2002. A cross-ecosystem comparison of the strength of trophic cascades. Ecology Letters 5:785-791.
48. Strong, D. R. 1992. Are trophic cascades all wet? Differentiation and donor-control in speciose ecosystems. Ecology 73:747-754.
49. Warner, R. R., and P. L. Chesson. 1985. Coexistence mediated by recruitment fluctuations: a field guide to the storage effect. American Naturalist 125:769-787.
50. Yodzis, P., and S. Innes. 1992. Body size and consumer-resource dynamics. American Naturalist 139:1151-1175.