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For palladium-catalyzed reductive cyclization to indoles, see: (a) Ragaini, F.; Sportiello, P.; Cenini, S. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 577, 283-291. (b) Tollari, S.; Cenini, S.; Crotti, C.; Gianella, E. J. Mol. Catal. 1994, 87, 203-214. (c) Scott, T. L.; Söderberg, B. C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 1621-1624. (d) Söderberg, B. C.; Rector, S. R.; O'Neil, S. N. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3657-3660. (e) Söderberg, B. C.; Shriver, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 5838-5845.
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For palladium-catalyzed reductive cyclization to indoles, see: (a) Ragaini, F.; Sportiello, P.; Cenini, S. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 577, 283-291. (b) Tollari, S.; Cenini, S.; Crotti, C.; Gianella, E. J. Mol. Catal. 1994, 87, 203-214. (c) Scott, T. L.; Söderberg, B. C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 1621-1624. (d) Söderberg, B. C.; Rector, S. R.; O'Neil, S. N. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3657-3660. (e) Söderberg, B. C.; Shriver, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 5838-5845.
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Söderberg, B.C.G.2
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For palladium-catalyzed reductive cyclization to indoles, see: (a) Ragaini, F.; Sportiello, P.; Cenini, S. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 577, 283-291. (b) Tollari, S.; Cenini, S.; Crotti, C.; Gianella, E. J. Mol. Catal. 1994, 87, 203-214. (c) Scott, T. L.; Söderberg, B. C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 1621-1624. (d) Söderberg, B. C.; Rector, S. R.; O'Neil, S. N. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3657-3660. (e) Söderberg, B. C.; Shriver, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 5838-5845.
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Söderberg, B.C.1
Rector, S.R.2
O'Neil, S.N.3
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For palladium-catalyzed reductive cyclization to indoles, see: (a) Ragaini, F.; Sportiello, P.; Cenini, S. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 577, 283-291. (b) Tollari, S.; Cenini, S.; Crotti, C.; Gianella, E. J. Mol. Catal. 1994, 87, 203-214. (c) Scott, T. L.; Söderberg, B. C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 1621-1624. (d) Söderberg, B. C.; Rector, S. R.; O'Neil, S. N. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3657-3660. (e) Söderberg, B. C.; Shriver, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 5838-5845.
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(a) For a review see: Paul, F.; Fischer, J.; Ochsnebein, P.; Osborn, J. A. C. R. Chim. 2002, 5, 267-287.
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(c) Wehman, P.; Dol, G. C.; Moorman, E. R.; Kamer, P. C. J.; van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M. Organometallics 1994, 13, 4856-4869.
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1342306845
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note
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Optimization was accomplished by using a 6 x 8 module parallel pressure reactor system.
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34
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0037462342
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In the synthesis of oxazines from nitroarenes with a similar catalyst system, a 16:1 ligand/palladium ratio is optimal: Ragaini, F.; Cenini, S.; Brignoli, D.; Gasperini, M.; Gallo, E. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 460-466.
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35
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0037016413
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For a review of counterion effects in transition metal catalysis, see: Fagnou, K.; Lautens, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 26-47.
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Fagnou, K.1
Lautens, M.2
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36
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1342328170
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see ref 3
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For counterion effects in Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions, see ref 3.
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