Which is the best lipid-modifying in metabolic syndrome and diabetes: Fibrates, statins or both?

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Volumn 3, Issue , 2004, Pages

  Tenenbaum, Alexander ^a,b   Fisman, Enrique Z ^a,b  

^a SHEBA MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^b TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Diabetes mellitus; Dyslipidemia; Fibrates; Metabolic syndrome; Statins

Indexed keywords

ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; BEZAFIBRATE; FENOFIBRATE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; GEMFIBROZIL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LIGAND; LIPID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR AGONIST; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ATHEROGENESIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL STUDY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE CONTROL; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG USE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EDITORIAL; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MONOTHERAPY; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PUBLICATION; RISK REDUCTION;

EID: 13144290929     PISSN: 14752840     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-3-10     Document Type: Editorial

References (36)

1. Sacks FM, for the Expert Group on HDL Cholesterol: The role of high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease: Expert Group recommendations. Am J Cardiol 2002, 90:139-143.
2. Fruchart JC: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoralpha activation and high-density lipoprotein metabolism. Am J Cardiol 2001, 88(12A):24N-29N.
3. Verges B: Clinical interest of PPARs ligands. Diabetes Metab 2004, 30:7-12.
4. Frick MH, Elo O, Haapa K, Heinonen OP, Heinsalmi P, Helo P, Huttunen JK, Kaitaniemi P, Koskinen P, Manninen V: Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1987, 317: 237-1245.
5. Rubins HB, Robins SJ, Collins D, Fye CL, Anderson JW, Elam MB, Faas FH, Linares E, Schaefer EJ, Schectman G, Wilt TJ, Wittes J: Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:410-418.
6. Ericsson CG, Nilsson J, Grip L, Svane B, Hamsten A: Effect of bezafibrate treatment over five years on coronary plaques causing 20% to 50% diameter narrowing (The Bezafibrate Coronary Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial (BECAIT)). Am J Cardiol 1997, 80: 125-1129.
7. Elkeles RS, Diamond JR, Poulter C, Dhanjil S, Nicolaides AN, Mahmood S, Richmond W, Mather H, Sharp P, Feher MD: Cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of bezafibrate: the St. Mary's, Ealing, Northwick Park Diabetes Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (SENDCAP) Study. Diabetes Care 1998, 21:641-648.
8. Meade T, Zuhrie R, Cook C, Cooper J: Bezafibrate in men with lower extremity arterial disease: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2002, 325(7373):1139.
9. Secondary prevention by raising HDL cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease: the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) study. Circulation 2000, 102:21-27.
10. Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study Investigators: Effect of fenofibrate on progression of coronary-artery disease in type 2diabetes: the diabetes atherosclerosis intervention study, a randomised study. Lancet 2001, 357:905-910.
11. Manninen V, Tenkanen L, Koskinen P, Huttunen JK, Manttari M, Heinonen OP, Frick MH: Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study. Implications for treatment. Circulation 1992, 85:37-45.
12. Rubins HB, Robins SJ, Collins D, Nelson DB, Elam MB, Schaefer EJ, Faas FH, Anderson JW: Diabetes, plasma insulin, and cardiovascular disease: subgroup analysis from the Department of Veterans Affairs high-density lipoprotein intervention trial (VA-HIT). Arch Intern Med 2002, 162:2597-2604.
13. Wayman NS, Ellis BL, Thiemermann C: Ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-PPAR-a reduce myocardial infarct size. Med Sci Monit 2002, 8(7):BR243-247.
14. Tenenbaum A, Motro M, Fisman EZ, Schwammenthal E, Adler Y, Goldenberg I, Leor J, Boyko V, Mandelzweig L, Behar S: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ligand bezafibrate for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 2004, 109:2197-2202.
15. Keech AC, the FIELD Study Investigators: The need for a large-scale trial of fibrate therapy in diabetes: the rationale and design of the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study. ISRCTN64783481. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2004, 3:.
16. Robins SJ: Cardiovascular disease with diabetes or the metabolic syndrome: should statins or fibrates be first line lipid therapy? Curr Opin Lipidol 2003, 14:575-583.
17. Fazio S, Linton MF: The role of fibrates in managing hyperlipidemia: mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2004, 6:148-157.
18. Role of fibrates in reducing coronary risk: a UK Consensus. Curr Med Res Opin 2004, 20:241-247.
19. Tenenbaum A, Fisman EZ, Motro M: Bezafibrate and simvastatin: different beneficial effects for different therapeutic aims. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89:1978.
20. Prisant LM: Clinical trials and lipid guidelines for type II diabetes. J Clin Pharmacol 2004, 44:423-430.
21. Groop LC: Insulin resistance: the fundamental trigger of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 1999:S1-S7.
22. Tenenbaum A, Fisman EZ, Motro M: Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2003, 2:4.
23. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT: The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA 2002, 288:2709-2716.
24. Fruchart JC, Staels B, Duriez P: The role of fibric acids in atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2001, 3:83-92.
25. Rovellini A, Sommariva D, Branchi A, Maraffi F, Montalto C, Gandini R, Fasoli A: Effects of slow release bezafibrate on the lipid pattern and on blood glucose of type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidaemia. Pharmacol Res 1992, 25:237-245.
26. Taniguchi A, Fukushima M, Sakai M, Tokuyama K, Nagata I, Fukunaga A, Kishimoto H, Doi K, Yamashita Y, Matsuura T, Kitatani N, Okumura T, Nagasaka S, Nakaishi S, Nakai Y: Effects of bezafibrate on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Metabolism 2001, 50:477-480.
27. Jonkers IJ, Mohrschladt MF, Westendorp RG, van der Laarse A, Smelt AH: Severe hypertriglyceridemia with insulin resistance is associated with systemic inflammation: reversal with bezafibrate therapy in a randomized controlled trial. Am J Med 2002, 112: 75-280.
28. Jones IR, Swai A, Taylor R, Miller M, Laker MF, Alberti KG: Lowering of plasma glucose concentrations with bezafibrate in patiens with moderately controlled NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1990, 13: 55-863.
29. Despres JP, Lemieux I, Robins SJ: Role of fibric Acid derivatives in the management of risk factors for coronary heart disease. Drugs 2004, 64(19):2177-2198.
30. Jokubaitis LA: Fluvastatin in combination with other lipid-lowering agents. Br J Clin Pract Suppl 1996, 77A: 8-32.
31. Gavish D, Leibovitz E, Shapira I, Rubinstein A: Bezafibrate and simvastatin combination therapy for diabetic dyslipidaemia: efficacy and safety. J Intern Med 2000, 247: 63-569.
32. Kyrklund C, Backman JT, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen M, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ: Plasma concentrations of active lovastatin acid are markedly increased by gemfibrozil but not by bezafibrate. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001, 69:340-345.
33. Beggs PW, Clark DW, Williams SM, Coulter DM: A comparison of the use, effectiveness and safety of bezafibrate, gemfibrozil and simvastatin in normal clinical practice using the New Zealand Intensive Medicines Monitoring Programme (IMMP). Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999, 47:99-104.
34. Farnier M, Salko T, Isaacsohn JL, Troendle AJ, Dejager S, Gonasun L: Effects of baseline level of triglycerides on changes in lipid levels from combined fluvastatin + fibrate (bezafibrate, fenofibrate, or gemfibrozil). Am J Cardiol 2003, 92: 94-797.
35. Farnier M: Combination therapy with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and a fibric acid derivative: a critical review of potential benefits and drawbacks. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2003, 3: 69-178.
36. Shek A, Ferrill MJ: Statin-fibrate combination therapy. Ann Pharmacother 2001, 35:908-917.