Perspective and coplanar cockpit displays of traffic information: Implications for maneuver choice, flight safety, and mental workload

International Journal of Aviation Psychology

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 1-21

  Alexander, Amy L ^a   Wickens, Christopher D ^a   Merwin, David H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^b Xpherix Corporation   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 12844260204     PISSN: 10508414     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/s15327108ijap1501_1     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Alexander, A. L., & Wickens, C. D. (2001). Cockpit display of traffic information: The effects of traffic load, dimensionality, and vertical profile orientation (ARL-01-17/NASA-01-8). Savoy: University of Illinois, Aviation Research Lab.
2. Alexander, A. L., & Wickens, C. D. (2002). Does traffic load modulate the effects of traffic display formats on performancef ? (ARL-02-9/NASA-02-7). Savoy: University of Illinois, Aviation Research Lab.
3. Battiste, V., & Ashford, R. (2000). Initial evaluation of CDTI/ADS-B for commercial carriers: CAA's Ohio Valley operational evaluation (Tech. Rep. No. 2000-01-5520), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.
4. Ellis, S. R., McGreevy, M. W., & Hitchcock, R. J. (1987). Perspective traffic display format and airline pilot traffic avoidance. Human Factors, 29, 371-382.
5. Fadden, D.M., Braune, R., & Wiedemann, J. (1993). Spatial displays as a means to increase pilot situational awareness. In S. R. Ellis, M. Kaiser, & A. J. Grunwald (Eds.), Pictorial communication in virtual and real environments (pp. 172-181). London: Taylor & Francis.
6. Gregory, R. L. (1977). Eye and brain. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
7. Hart, S., & Loomis, L. (1980). Evaluation of the potential format and content of a cockpit display of traffic information. Human Factors, 22, 591-604.
8. Hart, S. G., & Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. In P. A. Hancock & N. Meshkati (Eds.), Human mental workload. Advances in psychology, 52 (pp. 139-183). Oxford, England: North-Holland.
9. Haskell, I. D., & Wickens, C. D. (1993). Two- and three-dimensional displays for aviation: A theoretical and empirical comparison. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 3, 87-109.
10. Hickox, J., & Wickens, C. D. (1999). Effects of elevation angle disparity, complexity and feature type on the cognitive mapping task of navigation checking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 5,284-301.
11. Hoekstra, J., & Bussink, F. (2002). Free flight: How low can you go? Proceedings of 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Standards Office.
12. Jacobsen, A. R., Chen, S. S., & Wiedemann, J. Vertical situation awareness display. Proceedings of the Royal Aeronautical Society Conference on Situational Awareness. London.
13. Johnson, W. W., Battiste, V., & Bochow, S. H. (1999). A cockpit display designed to enable limited flight deck separation responsibility. In Proceedings of the 1999 World Aviation Conference (Tech. Rep. No. 1999-01-5567). Anaheim, CA.
14. Kreifeldt, J. G. (1980). Cockpit displayed traffic information and distributed management in air traffic control. Human Factors, 22, 671-691.
15. Krozel, J., & Peters, M. (1997). Conflict detection and resolution for free flight. The Air Traffic Control Quarterly Journal Special Issue on Free Flight, 5, 181-212.
16. McCormick, E. P., & Wickens, C. D. (1995). Virtual reality features of frame of reference and display dimensionality with stereopsis: Their effects on scientific visualization (Final Tech. Rep. No. ARL-95-6/PNL.-95-1). Savoy: University of Illinois, Aviation Research Laboratory.
17. McGreevy, M. W., & Ellis, S. R. (1986). The effect of perspective geometry on judged direction in spatial information instruments. Human Factors, 28, 439-456.
18. Merwin, D. H., & Wickens, C. D. (1996). Evaluation of perspective and coplanar cockpit displays of traffic information to support hazard awareness in free flight (ARL-96-5/NASA-96-1). Savoy: University of Illinois, Aviation Research Lab.
19. Olmos, O., Liang, C. D., & Wickens, C. D. (1997). Electronic map evaluation in simulated visual meteorological conditions. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 7, 247-271.
20. Oman, C., Kendra, A., Hayashi, M., Stearns, M., & Burke-Cohen, J. (2001). Vertical navigation displays: Pilot performance and workload during simulated constant angle descent GPS approaches. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 11, 15-32.
21. Prinzo, O. V. (2001). Pilot visual acquisition of traffic: Operational communications from OpEval-1 (DOT/FAA/AM-01/9). Washington, DC: Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Medicine.
22. Roscoe, S. N. (1968). Airborne displays for flight and navigation. Human Factors, 10, 321-332.
23. Scallen, S. F., Smith, K., & Hancock, P. A. (1996). Pilot actions during traffic situations in a free-flight airspace structure. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (pp. 111-115). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
24. St. John, M., Cowen, M. B., Smallman, H. S., & Oonk, H. M. (2001). The use of 2D and 3D displays for shape-understanding versus relative-position tasks. Human Factors, 43, 79-98.
25. Vierra, J., & Wickens, C. D. (1996). Cockpit displays of traffic and weather information: Effects of dimension and data base integration (ARL-97-3/NASA-97-1). Savoy: University of Illinois, Aviation Research Lab.
26. Wickens, C. D. (1986). The effects of control dynamics on performance. In K. Boff, L. Kaufman, & J. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of perception and performance (Vol. 2, pp. 39-60). New York: Wiley.
27. Wickens, C. D. (2000a). Human factors in vector map design: The importance of task-display dependence. Journal of Navigation, 53, 54-67.
28. Wickens, C. D. (2000b). The when and how of using 2-D and 3-D displays for operational tasks. In Proceedings of the IEA 2000/HFES 2000 Congress (pp. 3-403-3-406). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
29. Wickens, C. D. (2002). Spatial awareness biases (ARL-02-6/NASA-02-4). Savoy: University of Illinois, Aviation Research Lab.
30. Wickens, C. D. (2003). Aviation displays. In P. Tsang & M. Vidulich (Eds.), Principles and practices of aviation psychology (pp. 147-199). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
31. Wickens, C. D., & Carswell, C. M. (1995). The proximity compatibility principle: Its psychological foundation and its relevance to display design. Human Factors, 37, 473-494.
32. Wickens, C. D., Gempler, K. S., & Morphew, E. (2000). Workload and reliability of predictor displays in aircraft traffic avoidance. Transportation Human Factors Journal, 2, 99-126.
33. Wickens, C. D., Goh, J., Horrey, W. J., Helleberg, J. H., & Talleur, D. A. (in press). Attentional models of multi-task pilot performance using advanced display technology. Human Factors.
34. Wickens, C. D., Helleberg, J. H., & Xu, X. (2002). Pilot maneuver choice and workload in free flight. Human Factors, 44, 171-188.
35. Wickens, C. D., Liang, C. C., Prevett, T., & Olmos, O. (1996). Electronic maps for terminal area navigation: Effects of frame of reference and dimensionality. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 6, 241-271.
36. Wickens, C. D., Mavor, A. S., Parasuraman, R., & McGee, P. (1998). Airspace system integration: The concept of free flight. In C. D. Wickens, A. S. Mavor, & J. P. McGee (Eds.), The future of air traffic control: Human operators and automation (pp. 225-245). Washington, DC: National Academy.
37. Wickens, C. D., Merwin, D. H., & Lin, E. (1994). Implications of graphics enhancements for the visualization of scientific data: Dimensional integrality, stereopsis, motion, and mesh. Human Factors, 36, 44-61.
38. Wickens, C. D., Miller, S., & Tham, M. (1996). The implications of datalink for representing pilot request information on 2D and 3D air traffic control displays. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 18, 382-393.
39. Wickens, C. D., & Prevett, T. (1995). Exploring the dimensions of egocentricity in aircraft navigation displays. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 1, 110-135.
40. Wickens, C. D., Todd, S., & Seidler, K. (1989). Three-dimensional displays: Perception, implementation, and applications (ARL-89-11/CSERIAC-89-1). Savoy: University of Illinois, Aviation Res. Lab.