Parenteral ketamine as an analgesic adjuvant for severe pain: Development and retrospective audit of a protocol for a palliative care unit

Journal of Palliative Medicine

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 49-57

  Fitzgibbon, Edward J ^a   Viola, Raymond ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^b QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADJUVANT; ANALGESIC AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE; HALOPERIDOL; KETAMINE; OPIATE DERIVATIVE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER PAIN; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DELIRIUM; DISEASE SEVERITY; DROWSINESS; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; FEMALE; HALLUCINATION; HUMAN; HYPERALGESIA; HYPERSALIVATION; HYPERTENSION; HYPOTENSION; INJECTION SITE REACTION; MALE; MEDICAL AUDIT; MYOCLONUS; NAUSEA; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; RESPIRATION DEPRESSION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SEDATION; SIDE EFFECT; TACHYCARDIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VISUAL HALLUCINATION;

EID: 12444276691     PISSN: 10966218     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2005.8.49     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Grond S, Zech D, Diefenbach C: Assessment of cancer pain: A prospective evaluation of 226 cancer patients referred to a pain service. Pain 1996;64:107-114.
2. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research: Management of Cancer Pain, Clinical Practice Guideline No 9. AHCPR Publication Number 94-0592. 1994. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
3. Hanks GW, Justins DM: Cancer pain management. Lancet 1992;339:1031-1036.
4. Schug SA, Zech D, Dorr U: Cancer pain management according to WHO Analgesic Guidelines. J Pain Symptom Manage 1990;5:27-32.
5. Caraceni A: Clinicopathological correlates of common cancer pain syndromes. Haematol Oncol Clin North Am 1996;10:570-580.
6. Ventafredda V, Caraceni A: Cancer pain classification: A controversial issue. Pain 1991;46:1-2.
7. Gonzales GR, Elliott KJ, Portenoy RK: The impact of a comprehensive evaluation in the management of cancer pain. Pain 1991;47:141-144.
8. Bruerea E, MacMillan D, Hanson J: The Edmonton Staging System for Cancer Pain: Preliminary report. Pain 1989;37:203-210.
9. Mercadente S, Portenoy RK: Opioid poorly responsive cancer pain. Part 1: Clinical consideration. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001;21:144-150.
10. Luczack J, Dickensne A, Kotlinske-Lemieszek A: The role of ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist in the management of pain. Progr Palliat Care 1995;3: 127-134.
11. Mercadente S: Ketamine in cancer pain: An update. Palliat Med 1996;10:225-230.
12. Fallon M, Welsh J: The role of ketamine in pain control. Eur J Palliat Care 1996;4:143-146.
13. White P, Way W, Trevor A: Ketamine-It's pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Anaesthesiology 1982; 56:119-136.
14. Reich D, Silvay G: Ketamine: An update on the first 25 years of clinical experience. Can J Anaesth 1989;2:186-197.
15. Jirota K, Lamber DG: Ketamine: It's mechanisms of action and unusual clinical uses. Br J Anaesth 1996;77:441-444.
16. Zhou ZS, Zhao ZQ: Ketamine blockage of both tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitivie and TTX resistant sodium chanels of rat dorsal ganglion neurons. Brain Res Bull 2000;52:427-433.
17. Irifune M, Sato T, Kamata Y, Nishikawa T, Dohi T, Kawahara M: Evidence for GABA (A) receptor agonistic properties of ketamine: Convulsive and anaesthetic models in mice. Anaesth Analg 2000;91: 230-236.
18. Clark J, Kalan G: Effective treatment of severe cancer pain of the head using low dose ketamine in an opioid tolerant patient. J Pain Symptom Manage 1995;10:310-314.
19. Price D, Mayer D, Mao J, Caruso FS: NMDA receptor antagonists and opioid receptor interactions as related to analgesia and tolerance. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000;19:s7-s11.
20. Bennet G: Update on the neurophysiology of pain transmission and modulation: Focus on the NMDA receptor. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000;19:s2-s6.
21. Bell R: Low dose subcutaneous ketamine infusion and morphine tolerance. Pain 1999;83:101-103.
22. Oye I: Ketamine analgesia, NMDA receptors and gates perception. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998;42: 747-749.
23. Eide P, Stubhaug A, Øye I, Breivik H: Continuous subcutaneous administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine in the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia. Pain 1995;61:221-228.
24. Eide P, Jorum E, Stubhaug A: Relief of post-herpetic neuralgia with the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine: A double blind cross-over comparison with morphine and placebo. Pain 1994;58:354.
25. Robytblat L, Korotkouchko A, Katz J, Glazer M, Greemberg L, Fisher A: Post operative pain: The effect of low dose ketamine in addition to general anaesthetic. Anaesth Analgesia 1993;77:1161-1165.
26. Schmid R, Sandler A, Katz J: Use and efficacy of low dose ketamine in the management of acute post-operative pain: A review of current techniques and outcomes. Pain 1999;82:111-125.
27. Fisher K, Hagen N: Analgesic effect of oral ketamine in chronic neuropathic pain of spinal origin. J Pain Symptom Manage 1999;18:61-66.
28. Fine P: Low dose ketamine in the management of opioid non-responsive terminal cancer pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 1999;17:296-300.
29. Fisher K, Coderre T, Hagen N: Targeting the NMDA receptor for chronic pain management; preclinical animal studies, recent clinical importance. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000;20:358-373.
30. Oshima F, Tei K, Kayazawa H, Urabe N: Continuous subcutaneous injection of ketamine for cancer pain. Can J Anaesth 1990;37:385-392.
31. Twycross R: Pain relief in advanced cancer. London: Churchill Livingston, 1994.
32. Edmonds PM: The NMDA receptor complex, excitatory neurotransmittors and pain. CME Bull Palliat Med 1998;1:3-6.
33. Broadley KE, Kurowska A, Tookman A: Ketamine injection used orally. Palliat Med 1996;10:247-250.
34. Woolf C, Mannion R: Neuorpathic pain: Etiology, symptoms, mechanisms and management. Lancet 1999;353:1959-1964.
35. Dellemjin P: Are opioids effective in relieving neuropathic pain? Pain 1999;80:453-462.
36. Lauretti GR, Lima IC, Reis MP, Prado WA, Pereira NL: Oral ketamine and transdermal nitroglycerine as analgesic adjuvants to oral morphine therapy for cancer pain management. Anaesthesiology 1999;90: 1528-1533.
37. Martin LA, Hagen N: Neuropathic pain in cancer patients: Mechanisms, syndromes and clinical controversies. J Pain Symptom Manage 1997;14:99-117.
38. Jackson K, Ashby M, Martin P, Brumley D, Hayes B: "Burst" ketamine for refractory cancer pain: An open-label audit of 39 patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001;22:834-842.
39. Fitzgibbon EJ, Hall P, Schroder C, Seely J, Viola R: Low dose ketamine as an analgesic adjuvant in difficult pain syndromes: A strategy for conversion from parenteral to oral ketamine. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;23:165-167.