Removal of co-deposited layers by excimer lasers

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

Volumn 40, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 1019-1026

  Shu, Wataru ^a   Kawakubo, Yukio ^a   Nan Luo, Guang ^a   Nishi, Masataka ^a  

^a JAPAN ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Ablation; Carbon; Co deposited layers; Excimer laser; Fusion; JT 60; Recovery; Removal; TFTR; Tritium

Indexed keywords

CO-DEPOSITED LAYERS; JT-60; TFTR; TOKAMAK FUSION TEST REACTOR (TFTR);

DEPOSITION; ENERGY ABSORPTION; EXCIMER LASERS; FUSION REACTIONS; HYDROGEN; LASER ABLATION; LASER BEAMS; MASS SPECTROMETERS; MELTING; TRITIUM;

CARBON FIBERS;

EID: 1242332964     PISSN: 00223131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/18811248.2003.9715447     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. D. Mueller, W. Blanchard, J. Collins, et al., “Tritium removal from TFTR, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 241-243, 897 (1997).
2. C. H. Skinner, E. Amarescu, G. Ascione, et al., “Plasma wall interaction and tritium retention in TFTR, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 241-243, 214(1997).
3. P. Andrew, P. D. Brennan, J. P. Coad, et al., “Tritium retention and clean-up in JET, ” Fusion Eng. Des., 47, 233 (1999).
4. A. T. Peacock, P. Andrew, P. Cetier, et al., “Dust and flakes in the JET MkIIa divertor, analysis and results, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 266-269, 423 (1999).
5. G. Federici, C. H. Skinner, J. N. Brooks, et al., “Plasmamaterial interactions in current tokamaks and their implications for next step fusion reactors, ” Nucl. Fusion, 41, 1967 (2001).
6. R. A. Causey, W. L. Chrisman, W. L. Hsu, et al., “Tritium release from a codeposited layer of carbon and tritium during air exposure, ” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 7, 1078 (1990).
7. S. Alberici, J. P. Coad, H.-K. Hinssen, et al., “Oxidation induced release of deuterium from carbon based plasma facing materials, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 258-263, 764 (1998).
8. K. Maruyama, W. Jacob, J. Roth, “Erosion behavior of soft, amorphous deuterated carbon films by heat treatment in air and under vacuum, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 264, 56 (1999).
9. A. A. Haasz, J. W. Davis, “The removal of codeposited layers from TFTR tiles by O2 gas exposure, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 256, 65 (1998).
10. W. M. Shu, C. A. Gentile, C. H. Skinner, et al., “The effect of oxygen on the release of tritium during baking of TFTR D-T tiles,” Fusion Eng. Des., 61-62, 599 (2002).
11. C. H. Skinner, C. A. Gentile, A. Carpe, et al., “Tritium removal from codeposits on carbon tiles by a scanning laser, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 301, 98(2002).
12. T. Hirabayashi, Y. Kameo, M. Myodo, “Application of laser to decontamination and decommissioning of nuclear facilities at JAER, ” Proc. SPIE, Vol. 3887, p. 94 (2000).
13. Y. Kameo, M. Nalashima, T. Hirabayashi, “Removal of metal-oxide layers formed on stainless and carbon steel surfaces by excimer laser irradiation in various atmospheres, ” Nucl. Tech-nol., 137, 139 (2002).
14. Ph. Delaporte, M. Gastaud, W. Marine, et al., “Radioactive oxide removal by XeCl laser, ” Appl. Surf. Sci., 197-198, 826 (2002).
15. M. L. Sentis, Ph. Delaporte, W. Marine, et al., “Cleaning of large area by excimer laser ablation, ” Proc. SPIE, Vol. 3887, p. 316(2000).
16. J. G. van der Laan, H. Th. Klippel, G. J. Kraaij, et al., “Effects of short pulse high heat fluxes on carbon base plasma facing materials for ITER, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 196-198, 612 (1992).
17. J. P. Qian, P. Y. Li, L. Lu, et al., “Behavior of low-Z materials during plasma disruption simulated by laser beam, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 196-198, 653 (1992).
18. W. M. Shu, Y. Kawakubo, S. Ohira, et al., “Tritium decontamination of TFTR D-T plasma facing components using an ultra violet laser, ” Fusion Sci. Technol., 41, 690 (2002).
19. W. M. Shu, Y. Kawakubo, M. F. Nishi, “Tritium recovery from co-deposited layers using 193-nm laser, ” Appl. Phys. A, 76, 421 (2003).
20. R. Srinivasan, B. Braren, “Ablative photodecomposition of polymer films by pulsed far-ultraviolet (193 nm) laser radiation: Dependence of etch depth on experimental conditions,” J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 22, 2601 (1984).
21. K. Rubahn, J. Ihlemann, H.-G. Rubahn, “Excimer laser sputtering of mica surface: Mechanisms and applications, ” J. Appl. Phys., 86, 2847(1999).
22. T. Venkatesan, D. C. Jacobson, J. M. Gibson, et al., “Measurement ofthermodynamic parameters ofgraphite by pulsed-laser melting and ion channeling,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 53, 360 (1984).
23. A. M. Malvezzi, N. Bloembergen, C. Y. Huang, “Time-resolved picosecond optical measurements of laser-excited graphite, ” Phys. Rev. Lett., 57, 146 (1986).
24. J. Steinbeck, G. Braunstein, M. S. Dresselhaus, et al., “A model for pulsed laser melting of graphite, ” J. Appl. Phys., 58, 4374 (1987).
25. Y. Matsuura, M. Miyagi, OyoButuri (Appl. Phys. Jpn.), 68, 41 (1999), [in Japanese].
26. F. Kokai, Y. Koga, “Time-of-flight mass spectrometric studies on the plume dynamics of laser ablation of graphite, ” Nucl. Instrum Methods Phys. Res. B, 121, 387 (1997).
27. N. Bekris, C. H. Skinner, U. Berndt, et al., “Tritium depth profiles in 2D and 4D CFC tiles from JET and TFTR, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 313-316, 501 (2003).
28. R. A. Causey, “The interaction oftritium with graphite and its impact on Tokamak operation, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 162-164, 151 (1989).
29. B. Terreault, “Modeling ofpulse-laser-induced gas detrapping, chemical reactions, diffusion, and desorption, ” J. Appl. Phys., 62, 152(1987).
30. R. Boivin, G. G. Ross, B. Terreault, “A mothod ofpulsed-laser desorption of hydrogen, ” J. Appl. Phys., 73, 1936 (1993).
31. D. D. R. Summers, M. N. A. Beurskens, J. P. Coad, et al., “In situ measurement of hydrogen retention in JET carbon tiles, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 290-293, 496 (2001).
32. R.-D. Penzhorn, N. Bekris, U. Berndt, et al., “Tritium depth profiles in graphite and carbon fibre composite material exposed to tokamak plasmas, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 288, 170 (2001).
33. Y. Oya, Y. Hirohata, Y. Morimoto, et al., “Hydrogen isotope behavior in in-vessel components used for DD plasma operation of JT-60U by SIMS and XPS technique, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 313-316, 209 (2003).
34. C. H. Skinner, C. A. Gentile, G. Ascione, et al., “Studies of tritiated co-deposited layers in TFTR, ” J. Nucl. Mater., 290-293, 486 (2001).
35. J.-F. Silvain, H. Niino, S. Ono, et al., “Surface modification of elastomer/carbon composite by Nd+:YAG laser and KrF excimer laser ablation,” Appl. Surf. Sci., 141, 25 (1999).