A comparison of the interiors of Jupiter and Saturn

Planetary and Space Science

Volumn 47, Issue 10-11, 1999, Pages 1183-1200

  Guillot, Tristan ^a  

^a CNRS   (France)

Author keywords

Chemical abundances; Interiors; Jupiter; Planets; Saturn

Indexed keywords

EID: 11544336961     PISSN: 00320633     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0032-0633(99)00043-4     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Anders, E., Grevesse, N., 1989. Abundances of the elements: meteoritic and solar. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 197-214.
2. Bahcall, J.N., Pinsonneault, M.H., 1995. Solar models with helium and heavy elements diffusion. Rev. Mod. Phys. 67, 781-808.
3. Bockelée-Morvan, D., Gautier, D., Lis, D.C., Young, K., Keene, J., Phillips, T., Owen, T., Crovisier, J., Goldsmith, P.F., Bergin, E.A., Despois, D., Wootten, A., 1998. Deuterated water in comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) and its implications for the origin of comets. Icarus 133, 147-162.
4. Bosh, A.S., 1994. Saturn's non-circular ringlets and gravitational harmonics. Ann. Geophys. 12, C676 abstract.
5. Boss, A.P., 1998. Evolution of the Solar Nebula IV - giant gaseous protoplanet formation. Astrophys. J. 503, 923-937.
6. Brami, B., Hansen, J-P., Joly, F., 1979. Phase separation of highly dissymmetric binary ionic mixtures. Physica 95A, 505-525.
7. Burrows, A., Marley, M.S., Hubbard, W.B., Lunine, J.I., Guillot, T., Saumon, D., Freedman, R., Sudarsky, D., Sharp, C., 1997. A nongray theory of extrasolar giant planets and brown dwarfs. Astrophys. J. 491, 856-875.
8. Busse, F.H., 1976. A simple model of convection in the Jovian atmosphere. Icarus 29, 255-260a.
9. Cameron, A.G.W., 1978. Physics of the primitive solar accretion disk. Moon Plan. 18, 5-40.
10. Campbell, J.K., Anderson, J.D., 1989. Gravity field of the saturnian system from Pioneer and Voyager tracking data. Astron. J. 97, 1485-1495.
11. Campbell, J.K., Synnott, S.P., 1985. Gravity field of the jovian systern from Pioneer and Voyager tracking data. Astron. J. 90, 364-372.
12. Carlson, B.E., Lacis, A.A., Rossow, W.B., 1992. The abundance and distribution of water vapor in the Jovian troposphere as inferred from Voyager Iris observations. Astrophys. J. 388, 648-688.
13. Chabrier, G., Saumon, D., Hubbard, W.B., Lunine, J.I., 1992. The molecular-metallic transition of hydrogen and the structure of Jupiter and Saturn. Astrophys J. 391, 817-826.
14. Clayton, D.D., 1968. Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago Revised edition: 1983.
15. Collins, G.W., Da Silva, L.B., Celliers, P., Gold, D.M., Foord, M.E., Wallace, R.J., Ng, A., Weber, S.V., Budil, K.S., Cauble, R., 1998. Measurements of the equation of state of deuterium at the fluid insulator-metal transition. Science 281, 1179-1181.
16. Conrath, B.J., Hanel, R.A., Samuelson, R.E., 1989. Thermal structure and heat balance of the outer planets. In: Atreya, S.K., Pollack, J.B., Matthews, M.S. (Eds.), Origin and Evolution of Planetary and Satellite Atmospheres. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 513-538.
17. Conrath, B.J., Gautier, D., Hanel, R., Lindal, G., Marten, A., 1984. The helium abundance of Saturn from Voyager measurements. Astrophys J. 282, 807-815.
18. Da Silva, L.B., Celliers, P., Collins, G.W., Budil, K.S., Holmes, N.C., Barbee III, T.W., Hammel, B.A., Kilkenny, J.D., Wallace, R.J., Ross, M., Cauble, R., 1997. Absolute equation of state measurements on shocked liquid deuterium up to 200 GPa (2 Mbar). Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 483-486.
19. de Pater, I., Massie, S.T., 1985. Models of the millimeter-centimeter spectra of the giant planets. Icarus 62, 143-171.
20. Drouart, A., Dubrulle, B., Gautier, D., Robert, F., 1999. Structure and transport in the solar nebula from constraints on deuterium enrichment and giant planets formation. Icarus, in press.
21. Fegley Jr, B., Lodders, K., 1994. Chemical models of the deep atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. Icarus 110, 117-154.
22. Folkner, W.M., Woo, R., Nandi, S., 1998. Ammonia abundance in Jupiter's atmosphere derived from the attenuation of the Galileo probe's radio signal. Journal Geophys. Res. 103, 22,831-22,846.
23. Gautier, D., Owen, T., 1989. Composition of outer planet atmospheres. In: Atreya, S.K., Pollack, J.B., Matthews, M.S. (Eds.), Origin and Evolution of Planetary and Satellite Atmospheres. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 487-512.
24. Gautier, D., Bézard, B., Marten, B., Baluteau, J-P., Scott, N., Chedin, A., Kunde, V., Hanel, R., 1982. The C/H ratio in Jupiter from the Voyager infrared investigation. Astrophys. J. 257, 901-912.
25. Geiss, J., Gloecker, G., 1998. Abundances of deuterium and helium-3 in the protosolar cloud. Space Sci. Rev. 84, 239-250.
26. Gierasch, P.J., Conrath, B.J., 1993. Dynamics of the atmospheres of the outer planets - post-Voyager measurement objectives. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 5459-5469.
27. Griffin, M.J., Naylor, D.A., Davis, G.R., Ade, P.A.R., Oldham, P.G., Swinyard, B.M., Gautier, D., Lellouch, E., Orton, G.S., Encrenaz, T., De Graauw, T., Furniss, H., Smith, I., Armand, C., Burgdorf, M., Di Giorgio, A., Ewart, D., Gry, C., King, K.J., Lim, T., Molinari, S., Price, M., Sidher, S., Smith, A., Texier, D., Trams, N., Unger, S.J., Salama, A., 1996. First detection of the 56-μm rotational line of HD in Saturn's atmosphere. Astron. Astrophys. 315, L389-L392.
28. Gudkova, T.V., Zharkov, V.N., 1997. Models of Jupiter and Saturn with water-depleted atmospheres. Solar Sys. Res. 31, 99-107.
29. Guillot, T., 1995. Condensation of methane, ammonia and water and the inhibition of convection in giant planets. Science 269, 1697-1699.
30. Guillot, T., Gautier, D., Hubbard, W.B., 1997. New constraints on the composition of Jupiter from Galileo measurements and interior models. Icarus 130, 534-539.
31. Guillot, T., Chabrier, G., Gautier, D., Morel, P., 1995. Radiative transport and the evolution of Jupiter and Saturn. Astrophys. J. 450, 463-472.
32. Guillot, T., Chabrier, G., Morel, P., Gautier, D., 1994b. Non-adiabatic models of Jupiter and Saturn. Icarus 112, 354-367.
33. Guillot, T., Gautier, D., Chabrier, G., Mosser, B., 1994a. Are the giant planets fully convective? Icarus 112, 337-353.
34. Hanel, R.A., Conrath, B.J., Herath, L.W., Kunde, V.G., Pirraglia, J.A., 1981. Albedo, internal heat, and energy balance of Jupiter: preliminary results of the Voyager infrared investigation. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 8705-8712.
35. Hanel, R.A., Conrath, B.J., Kunde, V.G., Pearl, J.C., Pirraglia, J.A., 1983. Albedo, internal heat flux, and energy balance of Saturn. Icarus 53, 262-285.
36. Holmes, N.C., Ross, M., Nellis, W.J., 1995. Temperature measurements and dissociation of shock-compressed liquid deuterium and hydrogen. Phys. Rev. B. 52, 15,835-15,845.
37. Hubbard, W.B., 1968. Thermal structure of Jupiter. Astrophys. J. 152, 745-753.
38. Hubbard, W.B., 1982. Effects of differential rotation on the gravitational figures of Jupiter and Saturn. Icarus 52, 509-515.
39. Hubbard, W.B., 1989. Structure and composition of giant planets interiors. In: Atreya, S.K., Pollack, J.B., Matthews, M.S. (Eds.), Origin and Evolution of Planetary and Satellite Atmospheres. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 539-663.
40. Hubbard, W.B., 1999. Gravitational signature of Jupiter's deep zonal flows. Icarus 137, 196-199.
41. Hubbard, W.B., MacFarlane, J.J., 1980. Theoretical predictions of deuterium abundances in the jovian planets. Icarus 44, 676-682.
42. Hubbard, W.B., Marley, M.S., 1989. Optimized Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus interior models. Icarus 78, 102-118.
43. Hubbard, W.B., Guillot, T., Marley, M.S., Burrows, A., Lunine, J.I., Saumon, D., 1999. Comparative evolution of Jupiter and Saturn. Submitted to Planet Space Sci.
44. Kippenhahn, R., Weigert, A., 1991. Stellar Structure and Evolution. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
45. Klepeis, J.E., Schafer, K.J., Barbee III, T.W., Ross, M., 1991. Hydrogen-helium mixtures at megabar pressures: implications for Jupiter and Saturn. Science 254, 986-989.
46. Landau, L., Lifchitz, E., 1984. Physique Statistique (French translation). Editions Mir, Moscow.
47. Lindal, G.F., Wood, G.E., Levy, G.S., Anderson, J.D., Sweetnam, D.N., Hotz, H.B., Buckles, B.J., Holmes, D.P., Doms, P.E., Eshleman, V.R., Tyler, G.L., Croft, T.A., 1981. The atmosphere of Jupiter: an analysis of the Voyager radio occultation measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 8721-8727.
48. Lindal, G.F., 1992. The atmosphere of Neptune: an analysis of radio-occultations data acquired with Voyager 2. Astron. Journal 103, 967-982.
49. Lindal, G.F., Sweetnam, D.N., Eshleman, V.R., 1985. The atmosphere of Saturn: an analysis of the Voyager radio occultation measurements with Voyager 2. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 14,987-15,001.
50. Lissauer, J.J., 1993. Planet formation. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 31, 129-174.
51. 4He in Jupiter's atmosphere. Space Sci. Rev. 84, 251-263.
52. Marcy, G.W., Butler, R.P., 1998. Detection of extrasolar giant planets. Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 36, 57-98.
53. Marley, M.S., Saumon, D., Guillot, T., Freedman, R.S., Hubbard, W.B., Burrows, A., Lunine, J.I., 1996. On the nature of the brown dwarf Gliese 229 B. Science 272, 1919-1921.
54. Mayor, M., Queloz, D., 1996. A Jupiter-mass companion to a solartype star. Nature 378, 355-359.
55. Nellis, W.J., Louis, A.A., Ashcroft, N.W., 1998. Metallization of fluid hydrogen. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 356, 119-138.
56. Nellis, W.J., Weir, S.T., Mitchell, A.C., 1999. Minimum metallic conductivity of fluid hydrogen at 140 GPa (1.4 Mbar). Phys. Rev. B 59, 3434-3449.
57. Niemann, H.B., Atreya, S.K., Carignan, G.R., Donahue, T.M., Haberman, J.A., Harpold, D.N., Hartle, R.E., Hunten, D.M., Kaspzrak, W.T., Mahaffy, P.R., Owen, T.C., Way, S.H., 1998. The composition of the jovian atmosphere as determined by the Galileo probe mass spectrometer. Journal Geophys. Res. 103, 22,831-22,846.
58. Pfaffenzeller, O., Hohl, D., Ballone, P., 1995. Miscibility of hydrogen and helium under astro-physical conditions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2599-2602.
59. Pollack, J.B., Hubickyj, O., Bodenheimer, P., Lissauer, J.J., Podolak, M., Greenzweig, Y., 1996. Icarus 124, 62-85.
60. Roos-Serote, M., Drossart, P., Encrenaz, T., Lellouch, E., Carlson, R.W., Baines, K.H., Kamp, L., Mahlman, R., Orton, G.S., Calcutt, S., Irwin, P., Taylor, F., Weir, A., 1998. Analysis of Jupiter north equatorial belt hot spots in the 4-5 μm, range from Galileo/near-infrared mapping spectrometer observations: measurements of cloud opacity, water and ammonia. Journal Geophys. Res. 103, 23,023-23,042.
61. Roulston, M.S., Stevenson, D.J., 1995. Prediction of neon depletion in Jupiter's atmosphere. EOS 76, 343 abstract.
62. Salpeter, E.E., 1973. On convection and gravitational layering in Jupiter and in stars of low mass. Astrophys. J. Lett. 181, L183-L186.
63. Saumon, D., Chabrier, G., Van Horn, H.M., 1995. An equation of state for low-mass stars and giant planets. Astrophys J. Suppl. Ser. 99, 713-741.
64. Saumon, D., Chabrier, G., Wagner, D.J., Xie, X., 1999. Probing the inner secrets of brown dwarfs and giant planets, preprint.
65. Seiff, A., Kirk, D.B., Knight, T.C.D., Young, R.E., Mihalov, J.D., Young, L.A., Milos, F.S., Schubert, G., Blanchard, R.C., Atkinson, D., 1998. Thermal structure of Jupiter's atmosphere near the edge of a 5-μm hot spot in the north equatorial belt. Journal Geophys. Res. 103, 22,857-22,890.
66. Showman, A.P., Ingersoll, A.P., 1998. Interpretation of Galileo probe data and implications for Jupiter's dry downdrafts. Icarus 132, 205-220.
67. Stevenson, D.J., 1982. Interiors of the giant planets. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 10, 257-295.
68. Stevenson, D.J., 1985. Cosmochemistry and structure of the giant planets and their satellites. Icarus 62, 4-15.
69. Stevenson, D.J., Salpeter, E.E., 1977. The phase diagram and transport properties for hydrogen-helium fluid planets. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 35, 221-237.
70. Thompson, S.L., 1990. ANEOS - Analytic equations of state for shock physics codes. Sandia Natl. Lab. Doc. SAND89-2951.
71. Weir, ST., Mitchell, A.C., Nellis, W.J., 1996. Metallization of fluid molecular-hydrogen at 140 GPa (1.4 Mbar). Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1860-1863.
72. von Zahn, U., Hunten, D.M., Lehmacher, G., 1998. Helium in Jupiter's atmosphere: results from the Galileo probe helium interferometer equipment. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22,815-22,830.
73. Zhang, K., Schubert, G., 1996. Penetrative convection and zonal flow on Jupiter. Science 273, 941-943.
74. Zharkov, V.N., Gudkova, T.V., 1992. Modern models of giant planets. In: Syono, Y., Manghgnani, M.H. (Eds.), High Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences, pp. 393-401.
75. Zharkov, V.N., Trubitsyn, V.P., 1974. Determination of the equation of state of the molecular envelopes of Jupiter and Saturn from their gravitational moments. Icarus 21, 152-156.
76. Zharkov, V.N., Trubitsyn, V.P., 1978. In: Hubbard, W.B. (Ed.), Physics of Planetary Interiors. Pachart Press, Tucson.