메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 275-281

Biopsy of the transplanted kidney

Author keywords

Biopsy; Technique; Transplant kidney

Indexed keywords

BACTEREMIA; BLEEDING; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; FALSE ANEURYSM; HEMATOMA; HEMATURIA; HUMAN; KIDNEY ALLOGRAFT REJECTION; KIDNEY ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; KIDNEY BIOPSY; KIDNEY GRAFT; KIDNEY HEMORRHAGE; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; PATIENT CARE; PERCUTANEOUS BIOPSY; RENAL GRAFT DYSFUNCTION; REVIEW; SAFETY; SURVIVAL RATE; TECHNIQUE;

EID: 11344263844     PISSN: 07399529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-861562     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (45)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 11344273507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report, O.S.A. UNOS: URREA; 2002
    • Report, O.S.A. UNOS: URREA; 2002
  • 2
    • 84930064073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The UNOS renal transplant registry
    • Cecka E, Terasaki, eds. Los Angeles: UCLA Immunogenetics Center
    • Cecka J. The UNOS renal transplant registry. In: Cecka E, Terasaki, eds. Clinical Transplants. Los Angeles: UCLA Immunogenetics Center; 2002
    • (2002) Clinical Transplants
    • Cecka, J.1
  • 3
    • 0000991221 scopus 로고
    • Aspiration biopsy of the kidney
    • Iversen P, Bran C. Aspiration biopsy of the kidney. Am J Med 1951;11:324
    • (1951) Am J Med , vol.11 , pp. 324
    • Iversen, P.1    Bran, C.2
  • 4
    • 0027945809 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous renal biopsy: Comparison of manual and automated puncture techniques with native and transplanted kidney
    • Riehl J, Maigatter S, Kierdorf H, Schmitt H, Maurin N, Sieberth H. Percutaneous renal biopsy: comparison of manual and automated puncture techniques with native and transplanted kidney. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994;9:1568-1574
    • (1994) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.9 , pp. 1568-1574
    • Riehl, J.1    Maigatter, S.2    Kierdorf, H.3    Schmitt, H.4    Maurin, N.5    Sieberth, H.6
  • 5
    • 0030781972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of ultrasonogram, renogram, and fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of acute allograft rejection
    • Nampoory M, Das D, Johny K, et al. Comparative study of ultrasonogram, renogram, and fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of acute allograft rejection. Transplant Proc 1997;29:2807-2811
    • (1997) Transplant Proc , vol.29 , pp. 2807-2811
    • Nampoory, M.1    Das, D.2    Johny, K.3
  • 6
    • 0021267032 scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of renal allograft dysfunction with 99mtechnetium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal scans
    • McConnell J, Sagalowsky A, Lewis S, et al. Prospective evaluation of renal allograft dysfunction with 99mtechnetium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal scans. J Urol 1984;131:875-879
    • (1984) J Urol , vol.131 , pp. 875-879
    • McConnell, J.1    Sagalowsky, A.2    Lewis, S.3
  • 7
    • 0027326797 scopus 로고
    • International standardization of criteria for the histologic classification of kidney transplant pathology
    • Solez K, Axelsen R, Benediktsson H, et al. International standardization of criteria for the histologic classification of kidney transplant pathology. Kidney Int 1993;44:411-422
    • (1993) Kidney Int , vol.44 , pp. 411-422
    • Solez, K.1    Axelsen, R.2    Benediktsson, H.3
  • 8
    • 0023682713 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and Tru-cut biopsy performed under ultrasound guidance
    • Brown S, Horsburgh T, Veitch P, Bell P. Comparison of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and Tru-cut biopsy performed under ultrasound guidance. Transplant Proc 1988;20:595-596
    • (1988) Transplant Proc , vol.20 , pp. 595-596
    • Brown, S.1    Horsburgh, T.2    Veitch, P.3    Bell, P.4
  • 9
    • 0026786248 scopus 로고
    • Renal transplant sonography: Correlation of Doppler and biopsy results in cellular rejection
    • Renowden S, Griffiths D, Nair S, Krishnan H, Cochlin D. Renal transplant sonography: correlation of Doppler and biopsy results in cellular rejection. Clin Radiol 1992;46:265-269
    • (1992) Clin Radiol , vol.46 , pp. 265-269
    • Renowden, S.1    Griffiths, D.2    Nair, S.3    Krishnan, H.4    Cochlin, D.5
  • 10
    • 0033522021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous renal graft biopsy: A clinical laboratory and pathological analysis
    • Mazzali M, Ribeiro-Alves MA, Alves Filho G. Percutaneous renal graft biopsy: a clinical laboratory and pathological analysis. Sao Paulo Med J 1999;117:57-62
    • (1999) Sao Paulo Med J , vol.117 , pp. 57-62
    • Mazzali, M.1    Ribeiro-Alves, M.A.2    Alves Filho, G.3
  • 11
    • 0021743370 scopus 로고
    • The diagnostic and prognostic value of renal allograft biopsy
    • Parfrey P, Kuo Y, Hanley J, et al. The diagnostic and prognostic value of renal allograft biopsy. Transplantation 1984;38:586-590
    • (1984) Transplantation , vol.38 , pp. 586-590
    • Parfrey, P.1    Kuo, Y.2    Hanley, J.3
  • 12
    • 0031800270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of allograft biopsy in renal transplant recipients
    • Al-Awwa I, Hariharan S, First M. The importance of allograft biopsy in renal transplant recipients. Am J Kidney Dis 1998;31:S15-S18
    • (1998) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.31
    • Al-Awwa, I.1    Hariharan, S.2    First, M.3
  • 13
    • 0026756991 scopus 로고
    • Risks and benefits of graft biopsy in renal transplantation under cyclosporine-A
    • Kiss D, Landmann J, Mihatsch M, Huser B, Brunner F, Thiel G. Risks and benefits of graft biopsy in renal transplantation under cyclosporine-A. Clin Nephrol 1992;38:132-134
    • (1992) Clin Nephrol , vol.38 , pp. 132-134
    • Kiss, D.1    Landmann, J.2    Mihatsch, M.3    Huser, B.4    Brunner, F.5    Thiel, G.6
  • 14
    • 0036755778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol biopsy program after renal transplantation: Structure and first results
    • Schwartz A, Mengel M, Gwinner W, et al. Protocol biopsy program after renal transplantation: structure and first results. Transplant Proc 2002;34:2238-2239
    • (2002) Transplant Proc , vol.34 , pp. 2238-2239
    • Schwartz, A.1    Mengel, M.2    Gwinner, W.3
  • 15
    • 0028966159 scopus 로고
    • Sequential protocol biopsies in renal transplant patients: Clinico-pathological correlations using the Banff schema
    • Rush D, Jeffery J, Gough J. Sequential protocol biopsies in renal transplant patients: clinico-pathological correlations using the Banff schema. Transplantation 1995;59:511-514
    • (1995) Transplantation , vol.59 , pp. 511-514
    • Rush, D.1    Jeffery, J.2    Gough, J.3
  • 16
    • 0031799144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of renal allograft biopsy in multicentre clinical trials in transplantation
    • Gaber L. Role of renal allograft biopsy in multicentre clinical trials in transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 1998;31:S19-S25
    • (1998) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.31
    • Gaber, L.1
  • 18
    • 0019959543 scopus 로고
    • The risk of bleeding after percutaneous liver biopsy: Relation to platelet count
    • Sharma P, McDonald GB, Banaji M. The risk of bleeding after percutaneous liver biopsy: relation to platelet count. J Clin Gastroenterol 1982;4:451-453
    • (1982) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.4 , pp. 451-453
    • Sharma, P.1    McDonald, G.B.2    Banaji, M.3
  • 19
    • 0028913123 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous liver biopsy in England and Wales; an audit by the British Society of Gastroenterology and Royal College of Physicians of London
    • Gilmore IT, Burroughs A, Murray-Lyon IM, Williams R, Jenkins D, Hopkins A. Percutaneous liver biopsy in England and Wales; an audit by the British Society of Gastroenterology and Royal College of Physicians of London. Gut 1995;36:437-441
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 437-441
    • Gilmore, I.T.1    Burroughs, A.2    Murray-Lyon, I.M.3    Williams, R.4    Jenkins, D.5    Hopkins, A.6
  • 20
    • 0032959581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of fibrin sealant to reduce bleeding after needle liver biopsy in an anticoagulated canine model: Work in progress
    • Falstrom J, Moore MM, Caldwell SH, Matsumoto AH, Abbott RD, Spotnitz WD. Use of fibrin sealant to reduce bleeding after needle liver biopsy in an anticoagulated canine model: work in progress. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1999;10:457-462
    • (1999) J Vasc Interv Radiol , vol.10 , pp. 457-462
    • Falstrom, J.1    Moore, M.M.2    Caldwell, S.H.3    Matsumoto, A.H.4    Abbott, R.D.5    Spotnitz, W.D.6
  • 21
    • 0027235691 scopus 로고
    • Electrocautery of the tract after needle biopsy of the liver to reduce blood loss: Experience in the canine model
    • Kim EH, Kopecky KK, Cummings OW, Dreesen RG, Pound DC. Electrocautery of the tract after needle biopsy of the liver to reduce blood loss: experience in the canine model. Invest Radiol 1993;28:228-230
    • (1993) Invest Radiol , vol.28 , pp. 228-230
    • Kim, E.H.1    Kopecky, K.K.2    Cummings, O.W.3    Dreesen, R.G.4    Pound, D.C.5
  • 22
    • 0024436775 scopus 로고
    • Fibrin sealant as a plug for the post liver biopsy needle track
    • Chisholm R, Jones S, Lees W. Fibrin sealant as a plug for the post liver biopsy needle track. Clin Radiol 1989;40:627-628
    • (1989) Clin Radiol , vol.40 , pp. 627-628
    • Chisholm, R.1    Jones, S.2    Lees, W.3
  • 23
    • 0023617880 scopus 로고
    • Plugging liver biopsy sites with coagulation factors
    • Rodriguez Fuchs CA, Bruno M. Plugging liver biopsy sites with coagulation factors. Lancet 1987;2:1087
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1087
    • Rodriguez Fuchs, C.A.1    Bruno, M.2
  • 24
    • 0344313873 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous microwave tissue coagulation in liver biopsy: Experimental and clinical studies
    • Tabuse Y, Tabuse K, Mori K, et al. Percutaneous microwave tissue coagulation in liver biopsy: experimental and clinical studies. Nippon Geka Hokan 1986;55:381-392
    • (1986) Nippon Geka Hokan , vol.55 , pp. 381-392
    • Tabuse, Y.1    Tabuse, K.2    Mori, K.3
  • 25
    • 0021210934 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous liver biopsy with plugging of needle track: A safe method for use in patients with impaired coagulation
    • Riley SA, Ellis WR, Irving HC, Lintott DJ, Axon AT, Losowsky MS. Percutaneous liver biopsy with plugging of needle track: a safe method for use in patients with impaired coagulation. Lancet 1984;2:436
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 436
    • Riley, S.A.1    Ellis, W.R.2    Irving, H.C.3    Lintott, D.J.4    Axon, A.T.5    Losowsky, M.S.6
  • 26
    • 0026503283 scopus 로고
    • Influence of immunosuppressive therapy on infectious complications in renal transplant recipients
    • Klauser R, Zlabinger GJ, Traindl O, et al. Influence of immunosuppressive therapy on infectious complications in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 1992;24:292-294
    • (1992) Transplant Proc , vol.24 , pp. 292-294
    • Klauser, R.1    Zlabinger, G.J.2    Traindl, O.3
  • 27
    • 0031132229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yield and complications in percutaneous renal biopsy. A comparison between ultrasound-guided gun-biopsy and manual techniques in native and transplant kidneys
    • Nyman R, Cappelen-Smith J, Al Suhaibani H, Alfurayh O, Shakweer W, Akhtar M. Yield and complications in percutaneous renal biopsy. A comparison between ultrasound-guided gun-biopsy and manual techniques in native and transplant kidneys. Acta Radiol 1997;38:431-436
    • (1997) Acta Radiol , vol.38 , pp. 431-436
    • Nyman, R.1    Cappelen-Smith, J.2    Al Suhaibani, H.3    Alfurayh, O.4    Shakweer, W.5    Akhtar, M.6
  • 28
    • 0026734622 scopus 로고
    • Conventional 15 G needle technique for renal biopsy compared with ultrasound-guided spring-loaded 18 G needle biopsy
    • Cozens M, Murchison J, Allen P, Winney R. Conventional 15 G needle technique for renal biopsy compared with ultrasound-guided spring-loaded 18 G needle biopsy. Br J Radiol 1992;65:594-597
    • (1992) Br J Radiol , vol.65 , pp. 594-597
    • Cozens, M.1    Murchison, J.2    Allen, P.3    Winney, R.4
  • 29
    • 0028214279 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous core-needle biopsy of renal transplant performed safely without radiographic aid: A prospective study
    • Wennberg L, Miyahara S, Wilczek H. Percutaneous core-needle biopsy of renal transplant performed safely without radiographic aid: a prospective study. Transplant Proc 1994;26:1769-1770
    • (1994) Transplant Proc , vol.26 , pp. 1769-1770
    • Wennberg, L.1    Miyahara, S.2    Wilczek, H.3
  • 30
    • 0028957052 scopus 로고
    • CT guided renal biopsy using coaxial technique and an automated biopsy gun
    • Kudryk B, Martinez G, Gunasekeran S, Ramirez G. CT guided renal biopsy using coaxial technique and an automated biopsy gun. South Med J 1995;88:543-546
    • (1995) South Med J , vol.88 , pp. 543-546
    • Kudryk, B.1    Martinez, G.2    Gunasekeran, S.3    Ramirez, G.4
  • 31
    • 0031843701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal needle biopsy along the retrograde puncture line of the renal calyx: A new promising technique
    • Mimata H, Kasagi Y, Nasu N, et al. Renal needle biopsy along the retrograde puncture line of the renal calyx: A new promising technique. Urol Int 1998;60:165-168
    • (1998) Urol Int , vol.60 , pp. 165-168
    • Mimata, H.1    Kasagi, Y.2    Nasu, N.3
  • 32
    • 0027191920 scopus 로고
    • A new technique for renal biopsy: The transurethral approach
    • Leal J. A new technique for renal biopsy: the transurethral approach. J Urol 1993;149:1061-1063
    • (1993) J Urol , vol.149 , pp. 1061-1063
    • Leal, J.1
  • 33
    • 0001410247 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of kidney biopsy specimens
    • Tisher BBC, ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott
    • Pirani C. Evaluation of kidney biopsy specimens. In: Tisher BBC, ed. Renal Pathology with Clinical and Functional Correlations. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1989:11-42
    • (1989) Renal Pathology with Clinical and Functional Correlations , pp. 11-42
    • Pirani, C.1
  • 35
    • 18544385985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How long is enough: Length of renal needle biopsy specimen for histological diagnosis
    • Yoshinari M, Suzuki R, Watanabe K, Katoh T, Watanabe T. How long is enough: length of renal needle biopsy specimen for histological diagnosis. Am J Nephrol 2002;22:402
    • (2002) Am J Nephrol , vol.22 , pp. 402
    • Yoshinari, M.1    Suzuki, R.2    Watanabe, K.3    Katoh, T.4    Watanabe, T.5
  • 36
    • 0034115807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound guided renal biopsy: Experience using an automated core biopsy system
    • Chan R, Common A, Marcuzzi D. Ultrasound guided renal biopsy: experience using an automated core biopsy system. Can Assoc Radiol J 2000;51:107-113
    • (2000) Can Assoc Radiol J , vol.51 , pp. 107-113
    • Chan, R.1    Common, A.2    Marcuzzi, D.3
  • 37
    • 0027142047 scopus 로고
    • Blinded comparison of biopsy needles and automated devices on vitro: 2. Biopsy of medical renal disease
    • Hopper KD, Abendroth C, Sturtz K, Matthews Y, Shirk S, Stevens L. Blinded comparison of biopsy needles and automated devices on vitro: 2. Biopsy of medical renal disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993;161:1299-1301
    • (1993) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.161 , pp. 1299-1301
    • Hopper, K.D.1    Abendroth, C.2    Sturtz, K.3    Matthews, Y.4    Shirk, S.5    Stevens, L.6
  • 39
    • 0020380073 scopus 로고
    • Is renal biopsy necessary in adults with nephrotic syndrome?
    • Hlatky M. Is renal biopsy necessary in adults with nephrotic syndrome? Lancet 1982;2:1264-1268
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1264-1268
    • Hlatky, M.1
  • 40
    • 0018097848 scopus 로고
    • Use of computerized tomography to diagnose complications of percutaneous renal biopsy
    • Rosenbaum R, Hoffsten P, Stanley R, Klahr S. Use of computerized tomography to diagnose complications of percutaneous renal biopsy. Kidney Int 1978;14:87-92
    • (1978) Kidney Int , vol.14 , pp. 87-92
    • Rosenbaum, R.1    Hoffsten, P.2    Stanley, R.3    Klahr, S.4
  • 41
    • 0016677098 scopus 로고
    • Complication of percutaneous renal biopsy: An analysis of 1000 consecutive biopsies
    • Diaz-Buxo J, Donadio JV Jr. Complication of percutaneous renal biopsy: an analysis of 1000 consecutive biopsies. Clin Nephrol 1975;4:223-227
    • (1975) Clin Nephrol , vol.4 , pp. 223-227
    • Diaz-Buxo, J.1    Donadio Jr., J.V.2
  • 42
    • 0034238113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal biopsy in high-risk patients with medical disease of the kidney
    • Stiles K, Yuan C, Chung E, Lyon R, Lane J, Abbott K. Renal biopsy in high-risk patients with medical disease of the kidney. Am J Kidney Dis 2000;36:419-433
    • (2000) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.36 , pp. 419-433
    • Stiles, K.1    Yuan, C.2    Chung, E.3    Lyon, R.4    Lane, J.5    Abbott, K.6
  • 44
    • 0029744519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and cost effectiveness of pediatric percutaneous renal biopsy
    • Chesney D, Brouhard B, Cunningham R. Safety and cost effectiveness of pediatric percutaneous renal biopsy. Pediatr Nephrol 1996;10:493-495
    • (1996) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.10 , pp. 493-495
    • Chesney, D.1    Brouhard, B.2    Cunningham, R.3
  • 45
    • 0027462329 scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of kidney transplant biopsy: Tru-Cut needle vs sonographically guided biopsy gun
    • Mahoney M, Racadio J, Merhar G, First M. Safety and efficacy of kidney transplant biopsy: Tru-Cut needle vs sonographically guided biopsy gun. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993;160:325-326
    • (1993) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.160 , pp. 325-326
    • Mahoney, M.1    Racadio, J.2    Merhar, G.3    First, M.4
  • 46
    • 0024706607 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous renal biopsy as a day-patient procedure
    • Murphy B, Macisaac A. Percutaneous renal biopsy as a day-patient procedure. Am J Kidney Dis 1989;14:77
    • (1989) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.14 , pp. 77
    • Murphy, B.1    Macisaac, A.2
  • 47
    • 0038081195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards for renal biopsies: Comparison of inpatient and day care procedures
    • Hussain F, Watson A, Hayes J. Standards for renal biopsies: comparison of inpatient and day care procedures. Pediatr Nephrol 2003;18:53-56
    • (2003) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.18 , pp. 53-56
    • Hussain, F.1    Watson, A.2    Hayes, J.3
  • 48
    • 0029059246 scopus 로고
    • Renal biopsy as an outpatient procedure
    • Fraser IR, Fairley K. Renal biopsy as an outpatient procedure. Am J Kidney Dis 1995;25:876-878
    • (1995) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.25 , pp. 876-878
    • Fraser, I.R.1    Fairley, K.2
  • 49
    • 0006100503 scopus 로고
    • Outpatient renal biopsy is a safe procedure in the community setting
    • Abstract
    • Maddux F, Maddux D, Sterling J, Baker W, Moore M. Outpatient renal biopsy is a safe procedure in the community setting. J Am Soc Nephrol 1992;3:345. Abstract
    • (1992) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.3 , pp. 345
    • Maddux, F.1    Maddux, D.2    Sterling, J.3    Baker, W.4    Moore, M.5
  • 50
    • 0031763663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of early ambulation after renal biopsy using automated biopsy needle by inexperienced trainees
    • Al-Wakeel J. Outcome of early ambulation after renal biopsy using automated biopsy needle by inexperienced trainees. Int Urol Nephrol 1998;30:399-405
    • (1998) Int Urol Nephrol , vol.30 , pp. 399-405
    • Al-Wakeel, J.1
  • 51
    • 0029763986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Day care renal biopsy
    • White R, Poole C. Day care renal biopsy. Pediatr Nephrol 1996;10:408-411
    • (1996) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.10 , pp. 408-411
    • White, R.1    Poole, C.2
  • 52
    • 0032984569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous renal biopsy in the 1990's: Safety, value and implication for early hospital discharge
    • Khajehdehi K, Junaid S, Salinas-Madrgal L, Schmitz P, Bastani B. Percutaneous renal biopsy in the 1990's: safety, value and implication for early hospital discharge. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;34:92-97
    • (1999) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.34 , pp. 92-97
    • Khajehdehi, K.1    Junaid, S.2    Salinas-Madrgal, L.3    Schmitz, P.4    Bastani, B.5
  • 53
    • 0002714726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric renal biopsy: Should this procedure be performed in an outpatient setting?
    • Davis I, Ochlenschlager W, O'Riordan M, Avner E. Pediatric renal biopsy: should this procedure be performed in an outpatient setting? Pediatr Nephrol 1998;12:96-100
    • (1998) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.12 , pp. 96-100
    • Davis, I.1    Ochlenschlager, W.2    O'Riordan, M.3    Avner, E.4
  • 54
    • 0029744519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and cost effectiveness of pediatric percutaneous renal biopsy
    • Chesney D, Brouhard B, Cunningham R. Safety and cost effectiveness of pediatric percutaneous renal biopsy. Pediatr Nephrol 1996;10:493-495
    • (1996) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.10 , pp. 493-495
    • Chesney, D.1    Brouhard, B.2    Cunningham, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.