Emissions of organic compounds and trace metals in fine particulate matter from motor vehicles: A tunnel study in houston, Texas

Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association

Volumn 55, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 60-72

  Chellam, Shankararaman ^a   Kulkarni, Pranav ^b   Fraser, Matthew P ^c  

^a University of Houston   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

^c Rice University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOMARKERS; CARBON; DATA ACQUISITION; DIESEL ENGINES; GAS EMISSIONS; GASOLINE; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; TUNNELS;

AIRBORNE PARTICLES; EXPLORATORY MULTIVARIATE DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION TECHNIQUES; PETROLEUM BIOMARKERS; TRACERS;

PARTICLES (PARTICULATE MATTER);

ALKANE; BARIUM; CARBON; FLUORANTHENE; GASOLINE; MOLECULAR MARKER; ORGANIC COMPOUND; PETROLEUM; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; PYRENE; TRACE METAL;

ARTICLE; MOTOR VEHICLE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNITED STATES;

EID: 11344254688     PISSN: 10962247     EISSN: 21622906     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2005.10464597     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Cadle, S.H., Mulawa, P.A., Ball, J., Donase, C., Weibel, A., Sagebiel, J.C., Knapp, K.T., Snow, R. Particulate Emission Rates from In-Use High-Emitting Vehicles Recruited in Orange County, CA; Environ. Sci. Tech-nol. 1997, 31, 3405-3412.
2. Garg, B.D., Cadle, S.H., Mulawa, P.A., Groblicki, P.J., Laroo, C., Parr, G. A. Brake Wear Particulate Matter Emissions; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 4463-4469.
3. Stechmann, H., Dannecker, W. Characterization and Source Analysis of Vehicle-Generated Aerosols; J. Aerosol Sci. 1990, 21, 287-290.
4. Sternbeck, J.A., Sjodin, A., Andreasson, K. Metal Emissions from Road Traffic and the Influence of Resuspension-Result from Two Tunnel Studies; Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36, 4735-4744.
5. Eldering, A., Cass, G.R. Source Oriented Model for Air Pollutant Effects on Visibility; J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101, 19343-19369.
6. National Research Council. Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter; National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 1998.
7. Dockery, D., Pope, C., Xu, X., Spengler, J., Ware, J., Fay, M., Ferris, B., Speizer, F. An Association between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six U.S. Cities; NewEngl. J. Med. 1993, 329, 1753-1759.
8. Program Summary: Research on Diesel Exhaust; Health Effects Institute: Cambridge, MA, 1999.
9. Kagawa, J. Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust Emissions-A Mixture of Air Pollutants of Worldwide Concern; Toxicol. 2002, 181-182, 349-353.
10. Lloyd, A.C. Cackette, T.A. Diesel Engines: Environmental Impact and Control; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2001, 51, 809-847.
11. National Research Council. Modeling Mobile Source Emissions; National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 2000.
12. National Research Council. Emerging Emissions Testing Technologies in Evaluating Vehicle Emissions Inspection and Maintenance Program; National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 2001.
13. Sawyer, R.F., Harley, R.A., Cadle, S.H., Norbeck, J.M., Slott, R., Bravo, H. A. Mobile Sources Critical Review: 1998 NARSTO Assessment; Atmos. Environ. 2000, 34, 2161-2181.
14. Gertler, A.W., Sagebiel, J.C., Wittorff, D.N., Pierson, W.R., Dippel, W.A., Freeman, D., Sheetz, L. Vehicle Emissions in Five Urban Tunnels; Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV: Report to the Coordinating Research Council: Atlanta, GA, 1997.
15. Gertler, A.W., Gillies, J.A., Pierson, W.R., Rogers, C.F., Sagebiel, J.C., Abu-Allaban, M., Coulombe, W., Tarnay, L., Cahill, T.A. Emissions from Diesel and Gasoline Engines Measured in Highway Tunnels: Real World Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emissions from Motor Vehicles in a Highway Tunnel; Health Effects Institute Research: Cambridge, MA, 2002.
16. Kirchstetter, T.W., Harley, R.A., Kreisberg, N.M., Stolzenburg, M.R., Hering, S.V. On-Road Measurement of Fine Particle and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Light- and Heavy-Duty Motor Vehicles; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 2955-2968.
17. Marr, L.C., Kirchstetter, T.W., Harley, R.A., Miguel, A.H., Hering, S.V., Hammond, S.K. Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Motor Vehicle Fuels and Exhaust Emissions; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 3091-3099.
18. Cadle, S.H., Mulawa, P.A., Hunsanger, E.C., Nelson, K., Ragazzi, R.A., Barret, R., Gallagher, G.L., Lawson, D., Knapp, K.T., Snow, R. Composition of Light-Duty Motor Vehicle Exhaust Particulate Matter in the Denver, CO Area; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 2328-2339.
19. Fraser, M.P., Cass, G.R., Simoneit, B.R.T. Gas-Phase and Particle-Phase Organic Compounds Emitted from Motor Vehicle Traffic in a Los Angeles Roadway Tunnel; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 2051-2060.
20. Fraser, M.P., Lakshmanan, K., Fritz, S.G., Ubanwa, B. Variation in the Composition of Fine Particulate Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles; J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107 (D21), 8346-8351
21. Schauer, J.J., Rogge, W.F., Hildmann, L.M., Mazurek, M.A., Cass, G.R., Simoneit, B.R.T. Source Apportionment of Airborne Particulate Matter Using Organic Compounds as Tracers; Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 3837-3855.
22. Menzie, C.A., Potocki, B.B., Santodonato, J.S. Exposure to Carcinogenic PAHs in the Environment; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 1278-1284.
23. Huang, X., Olmez, I., Aras, N.K. Emission of Trace Elements from Motor Vehicles: Potential Marker Elements and Source Composition Profile; Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28, 1385-1391.
24. Chow, J.C. Measurement Methods to Determine Compliance with Ambient Air Quality Standards for Suspended Particles; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1995, 45, 320-382.
25. Ghrose, P.M. Trace Element Analysis of Airborne Particulates by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. In Elemental Analysis of Airborne Particles; Gordan and Breach Science Publisher: Amsterdam, 1999; pp 1-65.
26. Microwave Enhanced Chemistry: Fundamentals, Sample Preparation, and Applications; Kingston, H.M., Haswell, S.J., Eds., American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1997; p 772.
27. Kulkarni, P., Chellam, S., Ghurye, G., Fraser, M.P. In Situ Generation of Hydrofluoric Acid during Microwave Digestion of Atmospheric Particulate Matter Prior to Trace Element Analysis Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry; Environ. Eng. Sci. 2003, 20, 517-531.
28. McGaughey, G.R., Desai, N.R., Allen, D.T., Seila, R.L., Lonneman, W.A., Fraser, M.P., Harley, R.A., Pollack, A.K., Ivy, J.M., Price, J.H. Analysis of Motor Vehicle Emissions in a Houston Tunnel during the Texas Air Quality Study 2000; Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 3363-3372.
29. Fraser, M.P., Buzcu, B., Yue, Z.W., McGaughey, G.R., Desai, N.R., Allen, D.T., Seila, R.L., Lonneman, W.A., Harley, R.A. Separation of Fine Particulate Matter Emitted from Gasoline and Diesel Vehicles Using Chemical Mass Balancing Techniques; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 3904-3909.
30. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. User's Guide to MOBILE5 (Mobile Source Emission Factor Model); EPA-AA-TEB-94-01; Office of Mobile Sources, Office of Air Radiation: Ann Arbor, MI, 1994.
31. John, W., Reischl, G. A Cyclone for Size Selective Sampling of Ambient Air; J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 1980, 30, 872-876.
32. Mazurek, M.A., Simoneit, B.R.T., Cass, G.R., Gray, H.A. Quantitative High-Resolution Gas Chromatography and High-Resolution Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Carbonaceous Fine Aerosol Particles; Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1987, 29, 119-139.
33. Fraser, M.P., Cass, G.R., Simoneit, B.R.T. Particulate Organic Compounds Emitted from Motor Vehicle Exhaust and in the Urban Atmosphere; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 2715-2724.
34. Liang, C.K., Pankow, J.F., Odum, J.R., Seinfeld, J.H. Gas/Particle Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds to Model Inorganic, Organic, and Ambient Smog Aerosols; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 3086-3092.
35. Pankow, J.F., Bidleman, T.F. Interdependance of the Slopes and Intercepts from Log-Log Correlations of Measured Gas-Particle Partitioning and Vapor Pressure. 1. Theory and Analysis of Available Data; Atmos. Environ. 1992, 26A, 1071-1080.
36. Pankow, J.F. An Adsorption. Model of Gas/Particle Partitioning of Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere; Atmos. Environ. 1994, 28, 185-188.
37. Massart, D.L., Vandeginste, B.G.M., Buydens, L.M.C., De Jong, S., Lewi, P.J., Smeyers-Verbeke, J. Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimet-rics: Part A. Data Handling in Science and Technology; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1997; Volume 20A.
38. Pyle, S.M., Nocerino, J.M., Deming, S.M., Palasota, J.A., Palasota, J.M., Miller, E.L., Hillman, D.C., Kuharic, C.A., Cole, W.H., Fitzpartick, P.M., et al. Comparison of AAS, ICP-AES, PSA, and XRF in Determining Lead and Cadmium in Soil; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 204-213.
39. Sagebiel, J.C., Zielinska, B., Pierson, W.R., Gertler, A.W. Real-World Emissions and Calculated Reactivities of Organic Species from Motor Vehicles; Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 2287-2296.
40. Wingfors, H., Sjodin, A., Haglund, P., Brorstrom-Lunden, E. Characterization and Determination of Profiles of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Traffic Tunnel in Gothenburg, Sweden; Atmos. Environ. 2001, 35, 6361-6369.
41. Pierson, W.R., Gertler, A.W., Robinson, N.F., Sagebiel, J.C., Zielinska, B., Bishop, G.A., Stedman, D.H., Zweidinger, R.B., Ray, W.D. Real World Automotive Emissions-Summary of Studies in the Fort McHenry and Tuscarora Mountain Tunnels; Atmos. Environ. 1996, 30, 2233-2256.
42. Singer, B.C., Harley, R.A. A Fuel-Based Inventory of Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emission Inventory; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1996, 46, 581-593.
43. Kulkarni, P. M.S. Thesis, University of Houston, TX, August 2003.
44. Hildemann, L.M., Gregory, R.M., Cass, G.R. Chemical Composition of Emissions from Urban Sources of Fine Organic Aerosol; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 744-759.
45. 10 Chemical Source Profiles for Geological Dust from the SanJoaquin Valley, CA; Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37, 1317-1340.
46. Stacy, F.D. Physics of the Earth, 2nd ed., Wiley: New York, 1977.
47. Kitto, M.E., Landerson, D., Gordon, G.E., Olmez, I. Rare Earth Distributions in Catalysts and Airborne Particles; Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 1368-1375.
48. Sorme, L., Bergback, B., Lohm, U. Goods in the Anthroposphere as Metal Emissions Source-A Case Study of Stockholm, Sweden; Water, Air, Soil Pollut.: Focus 2001, 1, 213-227.
49. Westerlund, K.G. Metal Emission from Stockholm Traffic-Wear of Brake Linings. Reports from SLB Analysis No. 3:2001; The Stockholm Environment and Health Protection Administration: Stockholm, 2001.
50. Pierson, W.R., Brachaczek, W.W. Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on Road; Aerosol Sci. Tech. 1983, 2, 21-40.