메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 243-273

Review and a model of pre-seismic electromagnetic emissions in terms of fractal electrodynamics

Author keywords

Critical Phenomena; Earthquake Precursors; Fractal Electrodynamics

Indexed keywords

CHARACTERIZATION; CRACKS; EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS; ELECTRODYNAMICS; FRACTALS; MAGNETOELECTRIC EFFECTS; ROCKS; SEISMIC PROSPECTING;

EID: 11244326205     PISSN: 0218348X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1142/S0218348X04002501     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (58)

References (184)
  • 1
    • 0019910289 scopus 로고
    • Radio emission associated with rock fracture: Possible application to the great Chilean earthquake of May 22, 1960
    • J. Warwick, C. Stoker and T. Meyer, Radio emission associated with rock fracture: possible application to the great Chilean earthquake of May 22, 1960, J. Geophys. Res. 87 (1982) 2851-2859.
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 2851-2859
    • Warwick, J.1    Stoker, C.2    Meyer, T.3
  • 2
    • 0000446227 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic emission from volcanic rocks: An example of self-organized criticality
    • P. Diodati, F. Marchesoni and S. Piazza, Acoustic emission from volcanic rocks: an example of self-organized criticality, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (1991) 2239-2241.
    • (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.67 , pp. 2239-2241
    • Diodati, P.1    Marchesoni, F.2    Piazza, S.3
  • 3
    • 0026454159 scopus 로고
    • A study of anomalous underground electric field variations associated with volcanic eruption
    • Y. Fujinawa, T. Kumagai and K. Takahashi, A study of anomalous underground electric field variations associated with volcanic eruption, Geophys. Res. Lett. 19 (1992) 9-12.
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 9-12
    • Fujinawa, Y.1    Kumagai, T.2    Takahashi, K.3
  • 4
    • 21744451131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiments to locate sources of earthquakes-related VLF-electromagnetic signals
    • Y. Fujinawa, K. Takahashi, T. Matsumoto and N. Kawakami, Experiments to locate sources of earthquakes-related VLF-electromagnetic signals, in Proc. Japan. Acad. B73(3) (1997) 33-38.
    • (1997) Proc. Japan. Acad. , vol.B73 , Issue.3 , pp. 33-38
    • Fujinawa, Y.1    Takahashi, K.2    Matsumoto, T.3    Kawakami, N.4
  • 5
    • 0032756921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precursory of seismicity in advance of the Kobe, 1995, m = 7.2 earthquake
    • V. Kossobokov, K. Maeda and S. Uyeda, Precursory of seismicity in advance of the Kobe, 1995, m = 7.2 earthquake, Pure Appl. Geophys. 155 (1999) 409-423.
    • (1999) Pure Appl. Geophys. , vol.155 , pp. 409-423
    • Kossobokov, V.1    Maeda, K.2    Uyeda, S.3
  • 8
    • 23044530754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible mechanism of the over-horizon reception of FM radio waves during earthquake preparation period
    • V. Pilipenco, S. Shalimov, S. Uyeda and H. Tanaka, Possible mechanism of the over-horizon reception of FM radio waves during earthquake preparation period, in Proc. Japan Acad. 77 (2001) 125-130.
    • (2001) Proc. Japan Acad. , vol.77 , pp. 125-130
    • Pilipenco, V.1    Shalimov, S.2    Uyeda, S.3    Tanaka, H.4
  • 9
    • 0009061231 scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic emission during seismic activity
    • V. Morgounov, Electromagnetic emission during seismic activity, Izv. Earth Phys. 21 (1985) 220-225.
    • (1985) Izv. Earth Phys. , vol.21 , pp. 220-225
    • Morgounov, V.1
  • 10
    • 0034824018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxation creep model of impending earthquak
    • V. Morgounov, Relaxation creep model of impending earthquak,. Ann. Geofis. 44(2) (2001) 369-381.
    • (2001) Ann. Geofis. , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 369-381
    • Morgounov, V.1
  • 12
    • 0347744403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VHF-electromagnetic evidence of the underlying pre-seismic critical stage
    • P. Kapiris, J. Polygiannakis, K. Nomicos and K. Eftaxiaa, VHF-electromagnetic evidence of the underlying pre-seismic critical stage, Earth Planets Space 54 (2002) 1237-1246.
    • (2002) Earth Planets Space , vol.54 , pp. 1237-1246
    • Kapiris, P.1    Polygiannakis, J.2    Nomicos, K.3    Eftaxiaa, K.4
  • 15
    • 2542490778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic signals related to micromovements of limestone blocks: A test in karst caves of central Italy
    • eds. M. Hayakawa and O. Molchanov (Terrapub, Tokyo)
    • P. Biagi, A. Ermini, R. Piccolo, D. Loiacono and P. Kingsley, Electromagnetic signals related to micromovements of limestone blocks: a test in karst caves of central Italy, in Seismo-Electromagnetic, eds. M. Hayakawa and O. Molchanov (Terrapub, Tokyo, 2002), p. 477.
    • (2002) Seismo-electromagnetic , pp. 477
    • Biagi, P.1    Ermini, A.2    Piccolo, R.3    Loiacono, D.4    Kingsley, P.5
  • 18
    • 0000165398 scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence for critical dynamics in microfracturing processes
    • A. Petri, G. Paparo, A. Vespignani, A. Alippi and M. Constantini, Experimental evidence for critical dynamics in microfracturing processes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 3423-3426.
    • (1994) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.73 , pp. 3423-3426
    • Petri, A.1    Paparo, G.2    Vespignani, A.3    Alippi, A.4    Constantini, M.5
  • 19
    • 0032303154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental test of the critical behavior of fracture precursors
    • A. Guarino, A. Garsimartin and S. Ciliberto, An experimental test of the critical behavior of fracture precursors, Eur. Phys. J. B6 (1998) 13-24.
    • (1998) Eur. Phys. J. , vol.B6 , pp. 13-24
    • Guarino, A.1    Garsimartin, A.2    Ciliberto, S.3
  • 20
    • 0041527337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure time and critical behavior of fracture precursors in heterogeneous materials
    • A. Guarino, S. Ciliberto, A. Garsimartin, M. Zei and R. Scorretti, Failure time and critical behavior of fracture precursors in heterogeneous materials, Eur. Phys. J. B26 (2002) 141-151.
    • (2002) Eur. Phys. J. , vol.B26 , pp. 141-151
    • Guarino, A.1    Ciliberto, S.2    Garsimartin, A.3    Zei, M.4    Scorretti, R.5
  • 21
    • 0030404380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical physics seismogenesis and seismic hazard
    • I. Main, Statistical physics seismogenesis and seismic hazard, Rev. Geophys. 34 (1996) 433-462.
    • (1996) Rev. Geophys. , vol.34 , pp. 433-462
    • Main, I.1
  • 22
    • 0034471403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation of diffusion processes in earthquake populations and implications for the predictability of seismicity systems
    • D. Marsan, C. Bean, S. Steacy and J. McCloskey, Observation of diffusion processes in earthquake populations and implications for the predictability of seismicity systems, Geophys. Res. 105 (2000) 28081-28094.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 28081-28094
    • Marsan, D.1    Bean, C.2    Steacy, S.3    McCloskey, J.4
  • 23
    • 0001444365 scopus 로고
    • On fractal electrodynamics
    • eds. H. Kritikos and D. Jaggard (Springer-Verlag, New York)
    • D. Jaggard, On fractal electrodynamics, in Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Theory, eds. H. Kritikos and D. Jaggard (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990) pp. 183-224.
    • (1990) Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Theory , pp. 183-224
    • Jaggard, D.1
  • 24
    • 0003132741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surfaces and superlattices
    • eds. D. Werner and R. Mittra (IEEE Press)
    • D. L. Jaggard, A. D. Jaggard and P. Frangos, Surfaces and superlattices, in Frontiers in Electrodynamics, eds. D. Werner and R. Mittra (IEEE Press, 2000), pp. 1-47.
    • (2000) Frontiers in Electrodynamics , pp. 1-47
    • Jaggard, D.L.1    Jaggard, A.D.2    Frangos, P.3
  • 26
    • 0027100105 scopus 로고
    • -3/2 powerlaw decay of Laplacian fields induced by disorder: Consequences for the inverse problem
    • -3/2 powerlaw decay of Laplacian fields induced by disorder: consequences for the inverse problem, Geophys. Res. Lett. 12 (1992) 2377-2380.
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 2377-2380
    • Sornette, D.1
  • 27
    • 0001728038 scopus 로고
    • Universal log-periodic correction to renormalization group scaling for rupture stress prediction from acoustic emissions
    • J.-C. Anifrani, C. Le Flóch and D. Sornette and B. Souillard, Universal log-periodic correction to renormalization group scaling for rupture stress prediction from acoustic emissions, J. Phys. I France 5 (1995) 631-638.
    • (1995) J. Phys. I France , vol.5 , pp. 631-638
    • Anifrani, J.-C.1    Le Flóch, C.2    Sornette, D.3    Souillard, B.4
  • 28
    • 0000190329 scopus 로고
    • Complex critical exponents from renormalization group theory of earthquakes: Implications for earthquake predictions
    • D. Sornette and C. Sammis, Complex critical exponents from renormalization group theory of earthquakes: implications for earthquake predictions, J. Phys. I. 5 (1995) 607-619.
    • (1995) J. Phys. I. , vol.5 , pp. 607-619
    • Sornette, D.1    Sammis, C.2
  • 29
    • 0001828069 scopus 로고
    • Percolation and fracture in disordered solids and granular media: Approach to a fixed point
    • M. Sahimi and S. Arbadi, Percolation and fracture in disordered solids and granular media: approach to a fixed point, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 (1992) 608-611.
    • (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.68 , pp. 608-611
    • Sahimi, M.1    Arbadi, S.2
  • 30
    • 0000428228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental realization of critical thermal fuses rupture
    • L. Lamaignere, F. Carmona and D. Sornette, Experimental realization of critical thermal fuses rupture, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 2738-2741.
    • (1996) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.77 , pp. 2738-2741
    • Lamaignere, L.1    Carmona, F.2    Sornette, D.3
  • 31
    • 0001520333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tricritical behavior in rupture induced by disorder
    • J. Andersen, D. Sornette and K. Leung, Tricritical behavior in rupture induced by disorder, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 2140-2143.
    • (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.78 , pp. 2140-2143
    • Andersen, J.1    Sornette, D.2    Leung, K.3
  • 32
    • 0000696187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New evidence of earthquake precursory phenomena in the 17 January 1995 Kobe earthquake, Japan
    • A. Johansen, H. Saleur and D. Sornette, New evidence of earthquake precursory phenomena in the 17 January 1995 Kobe earthquake, Japan, Eur. Phys. J. B15 (2000) 551-555.
    • (2000) Eur. Phys. J. , vol.B15 , pp. 551-555
    • Johansen, A.1    Saleur, H.2    Sornette, D.3
  • 35
    • 0000775533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrete scale invariance, complex fractal dimensions and log-periodic fluctuations in seismicity
    • H. Saleur, C. Sammis and D. Sornette, Discrete scale invariance, complex fractal dimensions and log-periodic fluctuations in seismicity, J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1996) 17661-17667.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 17661-17667
    • Saleur, H.1    Sammis, C.2    Sornette, D.3
  • 36
    • 0027455235 scopus 로고
    • Predictive modelling of the seismic cycle of the greater San Francisco Bay region
    • C. G. Bufe and D. J. Varnes, Predictive modelling of the seismic cycle of the greater San Francisco Bay region, J. Geophys. Res. 98 (1993) 9871-9883.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 9871-9883
    • Bufe, C.G.1    Varnes, D.J.2
  • 37
    • 0029751098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased long-range intermediate-magnitude earthquake activity prior to strong earthquake in California
    • L. Knopoff, T. Levshina, V. Keilis-Borok and C. Mattoni, Increased long-range intermediate-magnitude earthquake activity prior to strong earthquake in California, J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1996) 5779-5796.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 5779-5796
    • Knopoff, L.1    Levshina, T.2    Keilis-Borok, V.3    Mattoni, C.4
  • 39
    • 0032710320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolving towards a critical point: A review of accelerating seismic moment/energy release prior to large and great earthquakes
    • S. C. Jaume and L. R. Sykes, Evolving towards a critical point: a review of accelerating seismic moment/energy release prior to large and great earthquakes, Pure Appl. Geophys. 115 (1999) 279-305.
    • (1999) Pure Appl. Geophys. , vol.115 , pp. 279-305
    • Jaume, S.C.1    Sykes, L.R.2
  • 40
    • 0033751448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The critical earthquake concept applied to mine rockbursts with time-to failure analysis
    • G. Ouillon and D. Sornette, the critical earthquake concept applied to mine rockbursts with time-to failure analysis, Geophys. J, Int. 143 (2000) 454-468.
    • (2000) Geophys. J, Int. , vol.143 , pp. 454-468
    • Ouillon, G.1    Sornette, D.2
  • 41
    • 0036624241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic spatiotemporal test of the critical point hypothesis for large earthquakes
    • G. Zoller and S. Hainzl, A systematic spatiotemporal test of the critical point hypothesis for large earthquakes, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 (2002) 53/1-53/4.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29
    • Zoller, G.1    Hainzl, S.2
  • 42
    • 0036555141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entropy, energy and proximity to criticality in global earthquake populations
    • I. Main and F. Al-Kindy, Entropy, energy and proximity to criticality in global earthquake populations, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 (2002) 25/1-25/4.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29
    • Main, I.1    Al-Kindy, F.2
  • 43
    • 0001501588 scopus 로고
    • Log-periodic behavior of a hierarchical failure model with applications to precursory seismic activation
    • W. I. Newman, D. Turcotte and A. Gabrielov, Log-periodic behavior of a hierarchical failure model with applications to precursory seismic activation, Phys. Rev. E52 (1995) 4827-4835.
    • (1995) Phys. Rev. , vol.E52 , pp. 4827-4835
    • Newman, W.I.1    Turcotte, D.2    Gabrielov, A.3
  • 44
    • 0031621654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling with respect to disorder in time-to-failure
    • D. Sornette and J. V. Andersen, Scaling with respect to disorder in time-to-failure, Eur. Phys. J. B1 (1998) 353-357.
    • (1998) Eur. Phys. J. , vol.B1 , pp. 353-357
    • Sornette, D.1    Andersen, J.V.2
  • 45
    • 0037133291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive feedback, memory and the predictability of earthquakes
    • C. G. Sammis and D. Sornette, Positive feedback, memory and the predictability of earthquakes, PNAS 99 (2002) 2501-2508.
    • (2002) PNAS , vol.99 , pp. 2501-2508
    • Sammis, C.G.1    Sornette, D.2
  • 46
    • 0037133145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictability of catastrophic events: Material rupture, earthquakes, turbulence, financial crashes, and human birth
    • D. Sornette, Predictability of catastrophic events: material rupture, earthquakes, turbulence, financial crashes, and human birth, PNAS 99 (2002) 2522-2529.
    • (2002) PNAS , vol.99 , pp. 2522-2529
    • Sornette, D.1
  • 48
    • 0009101922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crack velocities in freshwater and saline ice
    • V. Petrenko and O. Gluschenkov, Crack velocities in freshwater and saline ice, J. Geophys. Res. 101(B5) (1996) 11541-11551.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , Issue.B5 , pp. 11541-11551
    • Petrenko, V.1    Gluschenkov, O.2
  • 49
    • 77956719495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory investigation of the electric signals preceding the fracture of crystalline insulators
    • eds. R. Teisseyre and E. Majewski (Academic Press)
    • C. Mavromatou and V. Hadjicontis, Laboratory investigation of the electric signals preceding the fracture of crystalline insulators, in Earthquake Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations in the Earth's Interior, eds. R. Teisseyre and E. Majewski (Academic Press, 2001), pp. 501-517.
    • (2001) Earthquake Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations in the Earth's Interior , pp. 501-517
    • Mavromatou, C.1    Hadjicontis, V.2
  • 51
    • 0000679854 scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic effects at metallic fracture
    • A. Misra, Electromagnetic effects at metallic fracture, Nature 254 (1975) 133-134.
    • (1975) Nature , vol.254 , pp. 133-134
    • Misra, A.1
  • 52
    • 0024051019 scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic emission during fracture of heat-treated spring steel
    • V. Jagasivamani and K. Iyer, Electromagnetic emission during fracture of heat-treated spring steel. Mater. Lett. 6 (1988), 418-422.
    • (1988) Mater. Lett. , vol.6 , pp. 418-422
    • Jagasivamani, V.1    Iyer, K.2
  • 53
    • 0001112184 scopus 로고
    • Pulsed electromagnetic radiation of minerals and rocks subjected to mechanical loading
    • R. Gold, G. Markov and P. Mogila, Pulsed electromagnetic radiation of minerals and rocks subjected to mechanical loading, Phys. Solid Earth 7 (1975) 109-111.
    • (1975) Phys. Solid Earth , vol.7 , pp. 109-111
    • Gold, R.1    Markov, G.2    Mogila, P.3
  • 54
    • 0001490218 scopus 로고
    • The electromagnetic effect accompanying the fracturing of alkaline-haloid crystals and rocks
    • N. Khatiashvili, The electromagnetic effect accompanying the fracturing of alkaline-haloid crystals and rocks, Phys. Solid Earth 20 (1984) 656-661.
    • (1984) Phys. Solid Earth , vol.20 , pp. 656-661
    • Khatiashvili, N.1
  • 55
    • 84945104275 scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic emission accompanying fracture of quartz-bearing rocks
    • V. Nitsan, Electromagnetic emission accompanying fracture of quartz-bearing rocks, Geoth. Res. Lett. 4 (1977) 333-335.
    • (1977) Geoth. Res. Lett. , vol.4 , pp. 333-335
    • Nitsan, V.1
  • 56
    • 0021443896 scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic radiations from rocks
    • T. Ogawa, K. Oike and T. Miura, Electromagnetic radiations from rocks, J. Geophys. Res. 90 (1985) 6245-6249.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 6245-6249
    • Ogawa, T.1    Oike, K.2    Miura, T.3
  • 57
    • 0029538713 scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for the production of electromagnetic radiation during fracture of brittle materials
    • S. O'Keefe and D. Thielm, A mechanism for the production of electromagnetic radiation during fracture of brittle materials, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 89 (1995) 127-135.
    • (1995) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.89 , pp. 127-135
    • O'Keefe, S.1    Thielm, D.2
  • 58
    • 0002522351 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of electromagnetic radiation and acoustic emission in granite fracturing
    • A. Rabinovitch, D. Bahat and V. Frid, Comparison of electromagnetic radiation and acoustic emission in granite fracturing, Int. J. Fract. 71 (1995) r33-r41.
    • (1995) Int. J. Fract. , vol.71
    • Rabinovitch, A.1    Bahat, D.2    Frid, V.3
  • 59
    • 0001580974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission of electromagnetic radiation by rock fracturing
    • A Rabinovitch, D. Bahat and V. Frid, Emission of electromagnetic radiation by rock fracturing, Z. Geol. Wiss 24 (1996) 361-368.
    • (1996) Z. Geol. Wiss , vol.24 , pp. 361-368
    • Rabinovitch, A.1    Bahat, D.2    Frid, V.3
  • 60
    • 0032067608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parametrization of electromagnetic radiation pulses obtained by triaxial fracture of granite samples
    • A. Rabinovitch, V. Frid and D. Bahat, Parametrization of electromagnetic radiation pulses obtained by triaxial fracture of granite samples, Philos. Mag. Lett. 77 (1998) 289-293.
    • (1998) Philos. Mag. Lett. , vol.77 , pp. 289-293
    • Rabinovitch, A.1    Frid, V.2    Bahat, D.3
  • 61
    • 0036660671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploration via electromagnetic radiation and fractographic methods of fracture properties induced by compression in glass-ceramic
    • D. Bahat, V. Frid, A. Rabinovitch and V. Palchik, Exploration via electromagnetic radiation and fractographic methods of fracture properties induced by compression in glass-ceramic, Int. J. Fract. 116 (2002) 179-194.
    • (2002) Int. J. Fract. , vol.116 , pp. 179-194
    • Bahat, D.1    Frid, V.2    Rabinovitch, A.3    Palchik, V.4
  • 62
    • 0001827672 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary study of electromagnetic emissions from cracks in ice
    • A. Fifolt, F. Petrenko and M. Schulson, Preliminary study of electromagnetic emissions from cracks in ice, Philos. Mag. B67 (1993) 289-299.
    • (1993) Philos. Mag. , vol.B67 , pp. 289-299
    • Fifolt, A.1    Petrenko, F.2    Schulson, M.3
  • 67
    • 0000044578 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and memory effects in rupture of thermal fuse networks
    • D. Sornette and C. Vanneste, Dynamics and memory effects in rupture of thermal fuse networks, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 (1992) 612-615.
    • (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.68 , pp. 612-615
    • Sornette, D.1    Vanneste, C.2
  • 68
    • 0001046264 scopus 로고
    • Statistical model of earthquake foreshocks
    • D. Sornette, C. Vanneste and L. Knopoff, Statistical model of earthquake foreshocks, Phys. Rev. A45 (1992) 8351-8357.
    • (1992) Phys. Rev. , vol.A45 , pp. 8351-8357
    • Sornette, D.1    Vanneste, C.2    Knopoff, L.3
  • 69
    • 0019896417 scopus 로고
    • Frequency characteristics of acoustic emission in rocks under uniaxial compression and its relation to the fracturing process to failure
    • M. Ohnaka and K. Mogi, Frequency characteristics of acoustic emission in rocks under uniaxial compression and its relation to the fracturing process to failure, J. Geophys. Res. 87 (1982) 3873-3884.
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 3873-3884
    • Ohnaka, M.1    Mogi, K.2
  • 71
    • 0024900239 scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic and acoustic emission associated with rock fracture
    • I. Yamada, K. Masuda and H. Mizutani, Electromagnetic and acoustic emission associated with rock fracture, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 57 (1989) 157-168.
    • (1989) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.57 , pp. 157-168
    • Yamada, I.1    Masuda, K.2    Mizutani, H.3
  • 72
    • 0141494781 scopus 로고
    • Fracture and failure of brittle polycrystals: An overview
    • eds. D. Barder and P. Meredith (Unwin Hyman, London)
    • P. Meredith, Fracture and failure of brittle polycrystals: an overview, in Deformation Processes in Minerals, Ceramics and Rocks, eds. D. Barder and P. Meredith (Unwin Hyman, London, 1990), pp. 5-41.
    • (1990) Deformation Processes in Minerals, Ceramics and Rocks , pp. 5-41
    • Meredith, P.1
  • 73
    • 84986397859 scopus 로고
    • Fractal structure of spatial distribution of micro-fracturing in rocks
    • T. Hirata, T. Satoh and K. Ito, Fractal structure of spatial distribution of micro-fracturing in rocks, Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. 90 (1987) 369-374.
    • (1987) Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. , vol.90 , pp. 369-374
    • Hirata, T.1    Satoh, T.2    Ito, K.3
  • 74
    • 0000128806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criticality in creep experiments on cellular glass
    • C. Maes, A. Moffaert, H. Frederix and H. Strauven, Criticality in creep experiments on cellular glass, Phys. Rev. B57 (1998) 4987-4990.
    • (1998) Phys. Rev. , vol.B57 , pp. 4987-4990
    • Maes, C.1    Moffaert, A.2    Frederix, H.3    Strauven, H.4
  • 75
    • 0002813017 scopus 로고
    • Statistical study of the occurrence of shallow earthquakes
    • Y. Kagan and L. Knopoff, Statistical study of the occurrence of shallow earthquakes, Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. 55 (1978) 67-86.
    • (1978) Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. , vol.55 , pp. 67-86
    • Kagan, Y.1    Knopoff, L.2
  • 77
    • 0031414863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size distributions for large and small earthquakes
    • C. Scholz, Size distributions for large and small earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 87 (1997) 1074-1077.
    • (1997) Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. , vol.87 , pp. 1074-1077
    • Scholz, C.1
  • 78
    • 0032464956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A further note on earthquake size distributions
    • C. Scholz, A further note on earthquake size distributions, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 88 (1998) 1325-1326.
    • (1998) Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. , vol.88 , pp. 1325-1326
    • Scholz, C.1
  • 80
    • 1842666032 scopus 로고
    • Optical detection of crack patterns in the opening-mode fracture of marble
    • R. Nolen-Hoeksema and R. Gordon, Optical detection of crack patterns in the opening-mode fracture of marble, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 98 (1987) 11935-11940.
    • (1987) Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. , vol.98 , pp. 11935-11940
    • Nolen-Hoeksema, R.1    Gordon, R.2
  • 81
    • 0027879902 scopus 로고
    • Fractal and length analysis of fractures during brittle to ductile changes
    • B. Velde, D. Moore, A. Badri and B. Ledesert, Fractal and length analysis of fractures during brittle to ductile changes, J. Geophys. Res. 98 (1993) 11935-11940.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 11935-11940
    • Velde, B.1    Moore, D.2    Badri, A.3    Ledesert, B.4
  • 82
    • 0035955424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fracture and fragmentation of ice: A fractal analysis of scale invariance
    • J. Weiss, Fracture and fragmentation of ice: a fractal analysis of scale invariance, Eng. Fract. Mech. 68 (2001) 1975-2012.
    • (2001) Eng. Fract. Mech. , vol.68 , pp. 1975-2012
    • Weiss, J.1
  • 85
    • 0001432198 scopus 로고
    • Magnitude-frequency relation for displacement of minor faults and each significance in crustal deformation
    • T. Kakimi, Magnitude-frequency relation for displacement of minor faults and each significance in crustal deformation, Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan 31 (1980) 467-487.
    • (1980) Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan , vol.31 , pp. 467-487
    • Kakimi, T.1
  • 86
    • 0025497186 scopus 로고
    • Scaling relationships in natural fractures-data theory and applications
    • K. Heffer and T. Beven, Scaling relationships in natural fractures-data theory and applications, in Proc. Eur. Petrol. Conf. 2 (1990) 367-376.
    • (1990) Proc. Eur. Petrol. Conf. , vol.2 , pp. 367-376
    • Heffer, K.1    Beven, T.2
  • 87
    • 0026496769 scopus 로고
    • Self-similar distribution and properties of macroscopic fractures at depth in crystalline rock in the Cajon pass scientific borehole
    • C. Barton and M. Zoback, Self-similar distribution and properties of macroscopic fractures at depth in crystalline rock in the Cajon pass scientific borehole, J. Geophys. Res. 97 (1992) 5181-5200.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 5181-5200
    • Barton, C.1    Zoback, M.2
  • 88
    • 77956767780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micromorphic continuum and fractal properties of faults and earthquakes
    • eds. R. Teisseyre and E. Majewski (Academic Press, London)
    • H. Nagahama and R. Teisseyre, Micromorphic continuum and fractal properties of faults and earthquakes, in Earthquake Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations in the Earth's Interior, eds. R. Teisseyre and E. Majewski (Academic Press, London, 2001), pp. 425-440.
    • (2001) Earthquake Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations in the Earth's Interior , pp. 425-440
    • Nagahama, H.1    Teisseyre, R.2
  • 89
    • 0000558080 scopus 로고
    • Fractal distribution of earthquakes hypocenters and its relation to fault patterns and percolation
    • M. Sahimi, M. Robertson and C. Sammis, Fractal distribution of earthquakes hypocenters and its relation to fault patterns and percolation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 (1993) 2186-2189.
    • (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.70 , pp. 2186-2189
    • Sahimi, M.1    Robertson, M.2    Sammis, C.3
  • 90
    • 0016473353 scopus 로고
    • Emission of high energy electrons during mechanical treatment of alkali halides
    • J. Wollbrandt, E. Linke and K. Mayer, Emission of high energy electrons during mechanical treatment of alkali halides, Phys. Stat. Sol. 27 (1975) K53-K55.
    • (1975) Phys. Stat. Sol. , vol.27
    • Wollbrandt, J.1    Linke, E.2    Mayer, K.3
  • 91
    • 0022557862 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory investigation of the electrodynamics of rock fracture
    • P. Brady and G. Rowell, Laboratory investigation of the electrodynamics of rock fracture, Nature 321 (1986) 488-492.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.321 , pp. 488-492
    • Brady, P.1    Rowell, G.2
  • 92
    • 0000535759 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous measurements of the electron and photon emission accompanying fracture of single-crystal mgo
    • S. Langford, J. Dickinson and L. Jensen, Simultaneous measurements of the electron and photon emission accompanying fracture of single-crystal mgo, J. Appl. Phys. 62 (1987) 1437-1449.
    • (1987) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.62 , pp. 1437-1449
    • Langford, S.1    Dickinson, J.2    Jensen, L.3
  • 93
    • 0025592695 scopus 로고
    • Emission of charged particles from indentation fracture of rocks
    • Y. Enomoto and H. Hashimoto, Emission of charged particles from indentation fracture of rocks, Nature 346 (1990) 641-643.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 641-643
    • Enomoto, Y.1    Hashimoto, H.2
  • 94
    • 0000152776 scopus 로고
    • Transient electric signals prior to rock fracturing: Potential use of immediate earthquake precursors
    • eds. M. Hayakawa and Y. Fujinawa (Terrapub, Tokyo)
    • Y. Enomoto, T. Shimamoto, A. Tsutsumi and H. Hashimoto, Transient electric signals prior to rock fracturing: potential use of immediate earthquake precursors, in Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction, eds. M. Hayakawa and Y. Fujinawa (Terrapub, Tokyo, 1994), pp. 253-259.
    • (1994) Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction , pp. 253-259
    • Enomoto, Y.1    Shimamoto, T.2    Tsutsumi, A.3    Hashimoto, H.4
  • 95
    • 0011810114 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of electromagnetic emissions associated with microscopic and macroscopic cracking in rocks
    • eds. M. Hayakawa and Y. Fujinawa (Terra Scientific Publishing Company, Tokyo)
    • Z. Guo, B. Liu and Y. Wang, Mechanism of electromagnetic emissions associated with microscopic and macroscopic cracking in rocks, in Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction, eds. M. Hayakawa and Y. Fujinawa (Terra Scientific Publishing Company, Tokyo, 1994), pp. 523-529.
    • (1994) Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction , pp. 523-529
    • Guo, Z.1    Liu, B.2    Wang, Y.3
  • 96
    • 13844302959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acoustic emission and electromagnetic effects in rocks
    • T. Lokajvcek and J. Sikula, Acoustic emission and electromagnetic effects in rocks, in Progress in Acoustic Emission VIII (1996), pp. 311-314.
    • (1996) Progress in Acoustic Emission , vol.8 , pp. 311-314
    • Lokajvcek, T.1    Sikula, J.2
  • 97
    • 0032660263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on the amplitude-frequency relation of electromagnetic radiation pulses induced by material failure
    • A. Rabinovitch, V. Frid and D. Bahat, A note on the amplitude-frequency relation of electromagnetic radiation pulses induced by material failure, Philos. Mag. Lett. 79 (1999) 195-200.
    • (1999) Philos. Mag. Lett. , vol.79 , pp. 195-200
    • Rabinovitch, A.1    Frid, V.2    Bahat, D.3
  • 98
    • 0036298950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of charging on fracture or frictional slip surface of rocks
    • A. Takeuchi and H. Nagahama, Interpretation of charging on fracture or frictional slip surface of rocks, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 130 (2002) 285-291.
    • (2002) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.130 , pp. 285-291
    • Takeuchi, A.1    Nagahama, H.2
  • 99
    • 0034302503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fracture ares calculation from electromagnetic radiation and its use in chalk failure analysis
    • A. Rabinovitch, V. Frid, D. Bahat and J. Goldbaum, Fracture ares calculation from electromagnetic radiation and its use in chalk failure analysis, Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 37 (2000) 1149-1154.
    • (2000) Rock Mech. Min. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 1149-1154
    • Rabinovitch, A.1    Frid, V.2    Bahat, D.3    Goldbaum, J.4
  • 101
    • 0000060198 scopus 로고
    • Generation of ulf electromagnetic emissions by microfracturing
    • O. Molchanov and M. Hayakawa, Generation of ulf electromagnetic emissions by microfracturing, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 (1995) 3091-3094.
    • (1995) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 3091-3094
    • Molchanov, O.1    Hayakawa, M.2
  • 102
    • 0029772124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging surface contacts: Power law contact distributions and contact stress in quartz, calcite, glass and acrylic plastic
    • J. Dieterich and D. Kilgore, Imaging surface contacts: power law contact distributions and contact stress in quartz, calcite, glass and acrylic plastic, Tectonophysics 258 (1996) 219-239.
    • (1996) Tectonophysics , vol.258 , pp. 219-239
    • Dieterich, J.1    Kilgore, D.2
  • 104
    • 0001497435 scopus 로고
    • Fractal surface scattering: A generalized rayleigh solution
    • D. Jaggard and X. Sun, Fractal surface scattering: a generalized rayleigh solution, J. Appl. Phys. 68 (1990) 5456-5462.
    • (1990) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.68 , pp. 5456-5462
    • Jaggard, D.1    Sun, X.2
  • 105
    • 84975654570 scopus 로고
    • Scattering by fractally corrugated surfaces
    • D. Jaggard and X. Sun, Scattering by fractally corrugated surfaces, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 7 (1990) 1131-1139.
    • (1990) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. , vol.7 , pp. 1131-1139
    • Jaggard, D.1    Sun, X.2
  • 106
    • 0001447986 scopus 로고
    • Scattering from fractally corrugated surfaces: An exact approach
    • S. Savaidis, P. Frangos, D. Jaggard and K. Hizanidis, Scattering from fractally corrugated surfaces: an exact approach, Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 2357-2359.
    • (1995) Opt. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 2357-2359
    • Savaidis, S.1    Frangos, P.2    Jaggard, D.3    Hizanidis, K.4
  • 107
    • 0031077953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scattering from fractally corrugated surfaces using the extended boundary condition method
    • S. Savaidis, P. Frangos, D. Jaggard and K. Hizanidis, Scattering from fractally corrugated surfaces using the extended boundary condition method, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 14 (1997) 475-485.
    • (1997) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. , vol.14 , pp. 475-485
    • Savaidis, S.1    Frangos, P.2    Jaggard, D.3    Hizanidis, K.4
  • 108
    • 84975542137 scopus 로고
    • Diffraction by band-limited fractal screens
    • D. Jaggard and Y. Kim, Diffraction by band-limited fractal screens, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 4 (1987) 1055-1062.
    • (1987) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. , vol.4 , pp. 1055-1062
    • Jaggard, D.1    Kim, Y.2
  • 109
    • 84975564470 scopus 로고
    • Optical beam propagation in band-limited fractal medium
    • Y. Kim and D. L. Jaggard, Optical beam propagation in band-limited fractal medium, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 5 (1988) 1419-1426.
    • (1988) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. , vol.5 , pp. 1419-1426
    • Kim, Y.1    Jaggard, D.L.2
  • 110
    • 84956230480 scopus 로고
    • Wave transmission through a one-dimensional Cantor-like fractal medium
    • V. Konotop, O. Yordanov and I. Yurkevich, Wave transmission through a one-dimensional Cantor-like fractal medium, Europhys. Lett. 12 (1990) 481-485.
    • (1990) Europhys. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 481-485
    • Konotop, V.1    Yordanov, O.2    Yurkevich, I.3
  • 111
    • 0000262215 scopus 로고
    • Reflection from fractal multilayers
    • D. Jaggard and X. Sun, Reflection from fractal multilayers, Opt. Lett. 15 (1990) 1428-1430.
    • (1990) Opt. Lett. , vol.15 , pp. 1428-1430
    • Jaggard, D.1    Sun, X.2
  • 112
    • 0344845470 scopus 로고
    • Wave interactions with generalized Cantor bar fractal multi-layers
    • X. Sun and D. Jaggard, Wave interactions with generalized Cantor bar fractal multi-layers, J. Appl. Phys. 70 (1991) 2500-2507.
    • (1991) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.70 , pp. 2500-2507
    • Sun, X.1    Jaggard, D.2
  • 113
    • 0032045944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal superlattices and their wavelet analyses
    • H. Aubert and D. L. Jaggard, Fractal superlattices and their wavelet analyses, Opt. Commun. 149 (1998) 207-212.
    • (1998) Opt. Commun. , vol.149 , pp. 207-212
    • Aubert, H.1    Jaggard, D.L.2
  • 114
    • 0028466498 scopus 로고
    • Fractal approach to lightning radiation on a turtuous channel
    • G. Vecchi, D. Labate and F. Canavero, Fractal approach to lightning radiation on a turtuous channel, Radio Sci. 29 (1994) 691-704.
    • (1994) Radio Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 691-704
    • Vecchi, G.1    Labate, D.2    Canavero, F.3
  • 115
    • 84939702316 scopus 로고
    • The fractal random array
    • Y. Kim and D. Jaggard, The fractal random array, in Proc. IEEE 74 (1986) 1278-1280.
    • (1986) Proc. IEEE , vol.74 , pp. 1278-1280
    • Kim, Y.1    Jaggard, D.2
  • 116
    • 84988740455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal shaped antennas
    • eds. D. Werner and R. Mittra (IEEE Press)
    • C. Puente, J. Romeu and A. Cardama, Fractal shaped antennas, in Frontiers in Electromagnetics, eds. D. Werner and R. Mittra (IEEE Press, 1999), p. 48.
    • (1999) Frontiers in Electromagnetics , pp. 48
    • Puente, C.1    Romeu, J.2    Cardama, A.3
  • 117
    • 0030568246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal multiband antenna based on the Sierpinski gasket
    • C. Puente, J. Romeu, X. Garcia and F. Benitez, Fractal multiband antenna based on the Sierpinski gasket, Electr. Lett. 32 (1996) 1-2.
    • (1996) Electr. Lett. , vol.32 , pp. 1-2
    • Puente, C.1    Romeu, J.2    Garcia, X.3    Benitez, F.4
  • 118
    • 0002440931 scopus 로고
    • Fractal antennas: Part 1
    • N. Cohen, Fractal antennas: part 1, Commun. Quart. (1995), pp. 7-22.
    • (1995) Commun. Quart. , pp. 7-22
    • Cohen, N.1
  • 119
    • 0005780593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal and shaped dipoles
    • N. Cohen, Fractal and shaped dipoles, Commun. Quart. (1996), pp. 25-36.
    • (1996) Commun. Quart. , pp. 25-36
    • Cohen, N.1
  • 120
    • 0003064101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal antennas: Part 2
    • N. Cohen, Fractal antennas: part 2, Commun. Quart. (1996), pp. 53-66.
    • (1996) Commun. Quart. , pp. 53-66
    • Cohen, N.1
  • 121
    • 0029184561 scopus 로고
    • On the synthesis of fractal radiation patterns
    • D. Werner and P. Werner, On the synthesis of fractal radiation patterns, Radio Sci. 30 (1995) 29-45.
    • (1995) Radio Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 29-45
    • Werner, D.1    Werner, P.2
  • 122
    • 0030287832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency independent features of self-similar fractal antennas
    • D. Werner and P. Werner, Frequency independent features of self-similar fractal antennas, Radio Sci. 31 (1996) 1331-1343.
    • (1996) Radio Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 1331-1343
    • Werner, D.1    Werner, P.2
  • 123
    • 0032303969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cantor ring diffractals
    • A. Jaggard and D. Jaggard, Cantor ring diffractals, Opt. Commun. 157 (1998) 141-148.
    • (1998) Opt. Commun. , vol.157 , pp. 141-148
    • Jaggard, A.1    Jaggard, D.2
  • 124
    • 0035443916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal ring arrays
    • D. Jaggard and A. Jaggard, Fractal ring arrays, Wave Motion 34 (2001) 281-299.
    • (2001) Wave Motion , vol.34 , pp. 281-299
    • Jaggard, D.1    Jaggard, A.2
  • 125
    • 1542680533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical guide to wavelet analysis
    • C. Torrence and P. Compo, A practical guide to wavelet analysis, Bull Am. Meteor. Soc. 79(1) (1998) 61-78.
    • (1998) Bull Am. Meteor. Soc. , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-78
    • Torrence, C.1    Compo, P.2
  • 127
    • 0347744403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VHF-electromagnetic evidence of the underlying pre-seismic critical stage
    • P. Kapiris, J. Polygiannakis, K. Nomicos and K. Eftaxias, VHF-electromagnetic evidence of the underlying pre-seismic critical stage, Earth Planets Space 54 (2002) 1237-1246.
    • (2002) Earth Planets Space , vol.54 , pp. 1237-1246
    • Kapiris, P.1    Polygiannakis, J.2    Nomicos, K.3    Eftaxias, K.4
  • 128
    • 0001247671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiscaled randomness: A possible source of 1/f noise in biology
    • J. Hausdorff and C. Peng, Multiscaled randomness: a possible source of 1/f noise in biology, Phys. Rev. E54 (1996) 2154-2157.
    • (1996) Phys. Rev. , vol.E54 , pp. 2154-2157
    • Hausdorff, J.1    Peng, C.2
  • 130
    • 11244260907 scopus 로고
    • Hurst statistics of time dependence of electromagnetic emission under rocks loading
    • in Russian
    • D. V. Alexeev, P. V. Egorov and V. V. Ivanov, Hurst statistics of time dependence of electromagnetic emission under rocks loading, Phys.-Tech. Prob. Exploit. Treas. Soil 5 (1993) 27-30 (in Russian).
    • (1993) Phys.-Tech. Prob. Exploit. Treas. Soil , vol.5 , pp. 27-30
    • Alexeev, D.V.1    Egorov, P.V.2    Ivanov, V.V.3
  • 131
    • 0025593559 scopus 로고
    • Earthquake rupture as a critical point: Consequences for telluric precursors
    • A. Sornette and D. Sornette, Earthquake rupture as a critical point: consequences for telluric precursors, Tectonophysics 179 (1990) 327-334.
    • (1990) Tectonophysics , vol.179 , pp. 327-334
    • Sornette, A.1    Sornette, D.2
  • 132
    • 0003649194 scopus 로고
    • Results of observations on seismoelectromagnetic waves at two earthquake experimental areas in China
    • eds. M. Hayakawa and Y. Fujinawa (Terrapub, Tokyo)
    • S. Qian, J. Yian, H. Cao, S. Shi, Z. Lu, J. Li and K. Ren, Results of observations on seismoelectromagnetic waves at two earthquake experimental areas in China, in Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction, eds. M. Hayakawa and Y. Fujinawa (Terrapub, Tokyo, 1994), pp. 205-211.
    • (1994) Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction , pp. 205-211
    • Qian, S.1    Yian, J.2    Cao, H.3    Shi, S.4    Lu, Z.5    Li, J.6    Ren, K.7
  • 134
    • 1642366492 scopus 로고
    • The anisotropic correlation in percolation theory
    • J. Kolesnikov and T. Chelidze, The anisotropic correlation in percolation theory, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 18 (1985) 273-275.
    • (1985) J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. , vol.18 , pp. 273-275
    • Kolesnikov, J.1    Chelidze, T.2
  • 135
    • 0028767247 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical investigation of the fracture energy of heterogeneous brittle materials
    • T. Chelidze, T. Reuschle and Y. Gueguen, A theoretical investigation of the fracture energy of heterogeneous brittle materials, J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 6 (1994) 1857-1868.
    • (1994) J. Phys. Condens. Matter. , vol.6 , pp. 1857-1868
    • Chelidze, T.1    Reuschle, T.2    Gueguen, Y.3
  • 136
    • 0001596487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-order transition in the breakdown of disordered media
    • S. Zapperi, P. Ray, H. E. Stanley and A. Vespignani, First-order transition in the breakdown of disordered media, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 1408-1411.
    • (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.78 , pp. 1408-1411
    • Zapperi, S.1    Ray, P.2    Stanley, H.E.3    Vespignani, A.4
  • 137
    • 0007439232 scopus 로고
    • Criticality in simple models of evolution
    • J. de Boer, A. Jackson and T. Wettig, Criticality in simple models of evolution, Phys. Rev. E51 (1995) 1059-1073.
    • (1995) Phys. Rev. , vol.E51 , pp. 1059-1073
    • De Boer, J.1    Jackson, A.2    Wettig, T.3
  • 138
    • 0000328196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaos and synchronized chaos in an earthquake model
    • M. de Sousa Vieira, Chaos and synchronized chaos in an earthquake model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 201-204.
    • (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.82 , pp. 201-204
    • De Sousa Vieira, M.1
  • 140
    • 0003586464 scopus 로고
    • Plenum Press, New York
    • J. Feder, Fractals (Plenum Press, New York, 1989).
    • (1989) Fractals
    • Feder, J.1
  • 142
    • 85193337658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fingerprints of intermittent and critical behavior of pending earthquake in electromagnetic anomalies
    • Nice, April
    • Y. Contoyiannis, F. Diakonos, P. Kapiris, A. Peratzakis and K. Eftaxias, Fingerprints of intermittent and critical behavior of pending earthquake in electromagnetic anomalies, in EGS, Nice, April (2002).
    • (2002) EGS
    • Contoyiannis, Y.1    Diakonos, F.2    Kapiris, P.3    Peratzakis, A.4    Eftaxias, K.5
  • 144
    • 12044251146 scopus 로고
    • Flow phenomena in rocks: From continuum models to fractals, percolation, cellular automata and simulated annealing
    • M. Sahimi, Flow phenomena in rocks: from continuum models to fractals, percolation, cellular automata and simulated annealing, Rev. Mod. Phys. 65 (1993) 1393-1534.
    • (1993) Rev. Mod. Phys. , vol.65 , pp. 1393-1534
    • Sahimi, M.1
  • 146
    • 0000221813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling laws for fracture of heterogeneous materials and rock
    • M. Sahimi and S. Arbadi, Scaling laws for fracture of heterogeneous materials and rock, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 3689-3692.
    • (1996) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.77 , pp. 3689-3692
    • Sahimi, M.1    Arbadi, S.2
  • 147
    • 0001143988 scopus 로고
    • Elastic percolation models for cohesive mechanical failure in heterogeneous systems
    • M. Sahimi and J. Goddard, Elastic percolation models for cohesive mechanical failure in heterogeneous systems, Phys. Rev. B33 (1986) 7848-7851.
    • (1986) Phys. Rev. , vol.B33 , pp. 7848-7851
    • Sahimi, M.1    Goddard, J.2
  • 148
    • 0001549119 scopus 로고
    • Test of universality for three-dimensional models of mechanical breakdown in disordered solids
    • S. Arbadi and M. Sahimi, Test of universality for three-dimensional models of mechanical breakdown in disordered solids, Phys. Rev. B41 (1990) 772-775.
    • (1990) Phys. Rev. , vol.B41 , pp. 772-775
    • Arbadi, S.1    Sahimi, M.2
  • 149
    • 1642408014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic signature of prefracture criticality in heterogeneous media
    • P. G. Kapiris, K. Eftaxias and T. Chelidze, Electromagnetic signature of prefracture criticality in heterogeneous media, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(6) (2004) 065702.
    • (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.92 , Issue.6 , pp. 065702
    • Kapiris, P.G.1    Eftaxias, K.2    Chelidze, T.3
  • 150
    • 0034481240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compressive failure of mudstone samples containing quartz veins using rapid monitoring: The role of asperities
    • X. Lei, O. Nishizawa, K. Kusunose, A. Cho, T. Satoh and O. Nishizawa, Compressive failure of mudstone samples containing quartz veins using rapid monitoring: the role of asperities, Tectonophysics 328 (2000) 329-340.
    • (2000) Tectonophysics , vol.328 , pp. 329-340
    • Lei, X.1    Nishizawa, O.2    Kusunose, K.3    Cho, A.4    Satoh, T.5    Nishizawa, O.6
  • 151
    • 0034272941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exotic statistical physics: Applications to biology, medicine and economics
    • H. E. Stanley, Exotic statistical physics: applications to biology, medicine and economics, Physica A285 (2000) 1-17.
    • (2000) Physica , vol.A285 , pp. 1-17
    • Stanley, H.E.1
  • 154
    • 0000561762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal at t = tc due to instantonlike configurations
    • N. Antoniou, Y. Contoyiannis and F. Diakonos, Fractal at t = tc due to instantonlike configurations, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 4289-4292.
    • (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.81 , pp. 4289-4292
    • Antoniou, N.1    Contoyiannis, Y.2    Diakonos, F.3
  • 155
    • 0031843193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the generation mechanism of ULF seismogenic electromagnetic emission
    • O. A. Molchanov and M. Hayakawa, On the generation mechanism of ULF seismogenic electromagnetic emission, Phys. Earth Planet. 105 (1998) 201-210.
    • (1998) Phys. Earth Planet. , vol.105 , pp. 201-210
    • Molchanov, O.A.1    Hayakawa, M.2
  • 156
    • 0032208872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unusual longitude modification of the night-time mid-latitude f2 region ionosphere in July 1980 over the array of tectonic faults in the Andes area: Observations and interpretation
    • S. Pulinets, V. Kim, V. Hegai, V. Depuev and S. Radicella, Unusual longitude modification of the night-time mid-latitude f2 region ionosphere in July 1980 over the array of tectonic faults in the Andes area: observations and interpretation, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 (1998) 4133-4136.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 4133-4136
    • Pulinets, S.1    Kim, V.2    Hegai, V.3    Depuev, V.4    Radicella, S.5
  • 157
    • 0005820192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physical model of electromagnetic and plasma of the ionosphere on the pre-earthquake processes
    • ed. M. Hayakawa (Terrapub, Tokyo)
    • V. Sorokin and V. Chmyrev, The physical model of electromagnetic and plasma of the ionosphere on the pre-earthquake processes, in Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes ed. M. Hayakawa (Terrapub, Tokyo, 1999), pp. 819-828.
    • (1999) Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes , pp. 819-828
    • Sorokin, V.1    Chmyrev, V.2
  • 159
    • 0033625917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismo-ionospheric signatures prior to m ≥ 6.0 Taiwan earthquakes
    • J. Y. Liu, Y. I. Chen, S. A. Pulinets, Y. B. Tsai and Y. J. Chuo, Seismo-ionospheric signatures prior to m ≥ 6.0 Taiwan earthquakes, Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 (2000) 3113-3116.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 3113-3116
    • Liu, J.Y.1    Chen, Y.I.2    Pulinets, S.A.3    Tsai, Y.B.4    Chuo, Y.J.5
  • 162
    • 0034670981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Displacement field and fault model for the September 7, Athens earthquake inferred from the ers2 satellite radar interferometry
    • C. Kontoes, P. Elias, O. Sycioti, P. Briole, D. Remy, M. Sachpazi, G. Veis and I. Kotsis, Displacement field and fault model for the September 7, Athens earthquake inferred from the ers2 satellite radar interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 (2000) 3989-3992.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 3989-3992
    • Kontoes, C.1    Elias, P.2    Sycioti, O.3    Briole, P.4    Remy, D.5    Sachpazi, M.6    Veis, G.7    Kotsis, I.8
  • 163
  • 164
    • 0033100060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling, universality, and renormalization: Three pillars of modern critical phenomena
    • E. Stanley, Scaling, universality, and renormalization: three pillars of modern critical phenomena, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71 (1999) W358.
    • (1999) Rev. Mod. Phys. , vol.71
    • Stanley, E.1
  • 166
    • 85193336872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical earthquake hypothesis: Did the 7/9/1999 m5.9 Athens earthquake come with a short-term simultaneous precursory seismic and electromagnetic hint?
    • P. Kapiris, K. Eftaxias, K. Nomikos, A. Peratzakis, J. Kopanas, G. Antonopoulos, N. Bogris and V. Hadjicontis, Critical earthquake hypothesis: did the 7/9/1999 m5.9 Athens earthquake come with a short-term simultaneous precursory seismic and electromagnetic hint?, in IUGG2003 (2003), p. A.29.
    • (2003) IUGG2003
    • Kapiris, P.1    Eftaxias, K.2    Nomikos, K.3    Peratzakis, A.4    Kopanas, J.5    Antonopoulos, G.6    Bogris, N.7    Hadjicontis, V.8
  • 167
    • 0029784560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthquake-like behavior of soft γ-ray repeaters
    • B. Cheng, R. Epstein, R. Guyer and C. Young, Earthquake-like behavior of soft γ-ray repeaters, Nature 382 (1996) 518-520.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 518-520
    • Cheng, B.1    Epstein, R.2    Guyer, R.3    Young, C.4
  • 168
    • 0034167801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similarities of multiple fracturing on a neutron star and on earth
    • V. Kossobokov, V. Keillis-Borok and B. Cheng, Similarities of multiple fracturing on a neutron star and on earth, Phys. Rev. E61 (2000) 3529-3533.
    • (2000) Phys. Rev. , vol.E61 , pp. 3529-3533
    • Kossobokov, V.1    Keillis-Borok, V.2    Cheng, B.3
  • 169
    • 33846491562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gutenberg-Richter-type relation for laboratory fracture-induced electromagnetic radiation
    • A. Rabinovitch, V. Frid and D. Bahat, Gutenberg-Richter-type relation for laboratory fracture-induced electromagnetic radiation, Phys. Rev. E65 (2001) 11401/1-11401/4.
    • (2001) Phys. Rev. , vol.E65
    • Rabinovitch, A.1    Frid, V.2    Bahat, D.3
  • 170
    • 3342946273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of finite-time singularities in epidemic models of rupture, earthquakes and starquakes
    • D. Sornette and A. Helmstetter, Occurrence of finite-time singularities in epidemic models of rupture, earthquakes and starquakes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(15) (2002) 158501/1-158501/4.
    • (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.89 , Issue.15
    • Sornette, D.1    Helmstetter, A.2
  • 172
    • 0025229436 scopus 로고
    • Temporal variations in seismicity during quasi-static and dynamic rock failure
    • P. Meredith, I. Main and C. Jones, Temporal variations in seismicity during quasi-static and dynamic rock failure, Tectonophysics 175 (1990) 249-268.
    • (1990) Tectonophysics , vol.175 , pp. 249-268
    • Meredith, P.1    Main, I.2    Jones, C.3
  • 173
    • 0346856669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inhomogeneous self-organized critical model for earthquakes
    • A. Elgazzar, An inhomogeneous self-organized critical model for earthquakes, Physica A251 (1998) 303-308.
    • (1998) Physica , vol.A251 , pp. 303-308
    • Elgazzar, A.1
  • 174
    • 0034710979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The magnitude distribution of declustered earthquakes in southern California
    • L. Knopoff, The magnitude distribution of declustered earthquakes in southern California, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 (2000) 11880-11884.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 11880-11884
    • Knopoff, L.1
  • 176
    • 0041619653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthquake clusters resulting from delayed rupture propagation in finite fault segments
    • S. Hainzl, G. Zoller and F. Scherbaum, Earthquake clusters resulting from delayed rupture propagation in finite fault segments, J. Geophys. Res. Lett. 108 (2003) 2013.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.108 , pp. 2013
    • Hainzl, S.1    Zoller, G.2    Scherbaum, F.3
  • 178
    • 0001621903 scopus 로고
    • The frequency-magnitude relation of microfracturing in rock and its relation to earthquakes
    • C. Scholz, The frequency-magnitude relation of microfracturing in rock and its relation to earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 58 (1968) 399-415.
    • (1968) Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , vol.58 , pp. 399-415
    • Scholz, C.1
  • 179
    • 0031404459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical modeling of the formation and evolution of seismically active fault zones
    • A. Ponomarev, A. Zavyalov, V. Smirnov and D. Lockner, Physical modeling of the formation and evolution of seismically active fault zones, Tectonophysics 277 (1997) 57-81.
    • (1997) Tectonophysics , vol.277 , pp. 57-81
    • Ponomarev, A.1    Zavyalov, A.2    Smirnov, V.3    Lockner, D.4
  • 181
    • 0000098011 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical basis of some empirical relations on seismology
    • H. Kanamori and D. Anderson, Theoretical basis of some empirical relations on seismology, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 65 (1975) 1073-1095.
    • (1975) Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , vol.65 , pp. 1073-1095
    • Kanamori, H.1    Anderson, D.2
  • 182
    • 0019367575 scopus 로고
    • A probabilistic synthesis of precursory phenomena
    • eds. D. W. Simpson and P. G. Richards (American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC)
    • K. Aki, A probabilistic synthesis of precursory phenomena, in Earthquake Prediction, Maurice Ewing Series 4, eds. D. W. Simpson and P. G. Richards (American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC., 1981), pp. 566-574.
    • (1981) Earthquake Prediction, Maurice Ewing Series 4 , pp. 566-574
    • Aki, K.1
  • 183
    • 0023488624 scopus 로고
    • Fractal geometry in the San Andreas fault system
    • P. Ocubo and K. Aki, Fractal geometry in the San Andreas fault system, J. Geophys. Res. 92 (1987) 345-355.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 345-355
    • Ocubo, P.1    Aki, K.2
  • 184
    • 0036786904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Did the 7/9/1999 m5.9 Athens earthquake come with a warning?
    • A. Tzanis and K. Makropoulos, Did the 7/9/1999 m5.9 Athens earthquake come with a warning? Nat. Haz. 27 (2002) 85-103.
    • (2002) Nat. Haz. , vol.27 , pp. 85-103
    • Tzanis, A.1    Makropoulos, K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.