메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 94, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 87-93

Adaptive basis of codon usage in the haploid moss Physcomitrella patens

Author keywords

Arabidopsis; Bryophyte; Evolution; Gene expression; Selection; Translation

Indexed keywords

GENE EXPRESSION; MOSS;

EID: 11144317388     PISSN: 0018067X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800547     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 84966190558 scopus 로고
    • Population genetic structure and outcrossing rate of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh
    • Abbott RJ, Gomes MF (1989). Population genetic structure and outcrossing rate of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Heredity 62: 411-418.
    • (1989) Heredity , vol.62 , pp. 411-418
    • Abbott, R.J.1    Gomes, M.F.2
  • 2
    • 0028220048 scopus 로고
    • Synonymous codon usage in Drosophila melanogaster: Natural selection and translational accuracy
    • Akashi H (1994). Synonymous codon usage in Drosophila melanogaster: natural selection and translational accuracy. Genetics 136: 927-935.
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.136 , pp. 927-935
    • Akashi, H.1
  • 3
    • 0031593202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon bias evolution in Drosophila. Population genetics of mutation-selection drift
    • Akashi H (1997). Codon bias evolution in Drosophila. Population genetics of mutation-selection drift. Gene 205: 269-278.
    • (1997) Gene , vol.205 , pp. 269-278
    • Akashi, H.1
  • 4
    • 0035546157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression and molecular evolution
    • Akashi H (2001). Gene expression and molecular evolution. Curr Opin Genet Dev 11: 660-666.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Genet Dev , vol.11 , pp. 660-666
    • Akashi, H.1
  • 5
    • 0031738130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translational selection and molecular evolution
    • Akashi H, Eyre-Walker AC (1998). Translational selection and molecular evolution. Curr Opin Genet Dev 8: 688-693.
    • (1998) Curr Opin Genet Dev , vol.8 , pp. 688-693
    • Akashi, H.1    Eyre-Walker, A.C.2
  • 7
    • 0025297285 scopus 로고
    • Codon preferences in free-living microorganisms
    • Andersson SGE, Kurland GC (1990). Codon preferences in free-living microorganisms. Microbiol Rev 54: 198-210.
    • (1990) Microbiol Rev , vol.54 , pp. 198-210
    • Andersson, S.G.E.1    Kurland, G.C.2
  • 8
    • 0030462462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription-induced mutations: Increase in C to T mutations in the nontranscribed strand during transcription in Escherichia coli
    • Beletskii A, Bhagwat AS (1996). Transcription-induced mutations: increase in C to T mutations in the nontranscribed strand during transcription in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 13919-13924.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 13919-13924
    • Beletskii, A.1    Bhagwat, A.S.2
  • 10
    • 0142152480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA interference in the moss Physcomitrella patens
    • Bezanilla M, Pan A, Quatrano RS (2003). RNA interference in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Plant Physiol 133: 470-474.
    • (2003) Plant Physiol , vol.133 , pp. 470-474
    • Bezanilla, M.1    Pan, A.2    Quatrano, R.S.3
  • 11
    • 0027249595 scopus 로고
    • dbEST - Database for 'expressed sequence tags'
    • Boguski MS, Lowe TM, Tolstoshev CM (1993). dbEST - database for 'expressed sequence tags'. Nat Genet 4: 332-333.
    • (1993) Nat Genet , vol.4 , pp. 332-333
    • Boguski, M.S.1    Lowe, T.M.2    Tolstoshev, C.M.3
  • 12
    • 0025941139 scopus 로고
    • The selection-mutation-drift theory of synonymous codon usage
    • Bulmer M (1991). The selection-mutation-drift theory of synonymous codon usage. Genetics 129: 897-907.
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.129 , pp. 897-907
    • Bulmer, M.1
  • 13
    • 0344653653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon usage and gene function are related in sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana
    • Chiapello H, Fisacek F, Caboche M, Henaut A (1998). Codon usage and gene function are related in sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 209: GC1-GC38.
    • (1998) Gene , vol.209
    • Chiapello, H.1    Fisacek, F.2    Caboche, M.3    Henaut, A.4
  • 14
    • 0036006376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-species microsatellite markers for elucidating population genetic structure in Arabidopsis and Arabis (Brassicaeae)
    • Clauss MJ, Cobban H, Mitchell-Olds T (2002). Cross-species microsatellite markers for elucidating population genetic structure in Arabidopsis and Arabis (Brassicaeae). Mol Ecol 11: 591-601.
    • (2002) Mol Ecol , vol.11 , pp. 591-601
    • Clauss, M.J.1    Cobban, H.2    Mitchell-Olds, T.3
  • 15
    • 0034666040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of codon bias to mRNA concentration and protein length in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Coghlan A, Wolfe KH (2000). Relationship of codon bias to mRNA concentration and protein length in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 16: 1131-1145.
    • (2000) Yeast , vol.16 , pp. 1131-1145
    • Coghlan, A.1    Wolfe, K.H.2
  • 16
    • 0032825011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K-Estimator: Calculation of the number of nucleotide substitutions per site and the confidence interval
    • Comeron JM (1999). K-Estimator: calculation of the number of nucleotide substitutions per site and the confidence interval. Bioinformatics 15: 763-764.
    • (1999) Bioinformatics , vol.15 , pp. 763-764
    • Comeron, J.M.1
  • 17
    • 0036263105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population, evolutionary and genomic consequences of interference selection
    • Comeron JM, Kreitman M (2002). Population, evolutionary and genomic consequences of interference selection. Genetics 161: 389-410.
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.161 , pp. 389-410
    • Comeron, J.M.1    Kreitman, M.2
  • 18
    • 0032894285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection on synonymous sites is correlated with gene length and recombination in Drosophila
    • Comeron JM, Kreitman M, Aguad M (1999). Natural selection on synonymous sites is correlated with gene length and recombination in Drosophila. Genetics 151: 239-249.
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.151 , pp. 239-249
    • Comeron, J.M.1    Kreitman, M.2    Aguad, M.3
  • 19
    • 0034237669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA gene number and codon usage in the C. elegans genome are co-adapted for optimal translation of highly expressed genes
    • Duret L (2000). tRNA gene number and codon usage in the C. elegans genome are co-adapted for optimal translation of highly expressed genes. Trends Genet 16: 287-289.
    • (2000) Trends Genet , vol.16 , pp. 287-289
    • Duret, L.1
  • 20
    • 0033551151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression pattern and, surprisingly, gene length shape codon usage in Caenorhabditis, Drosophila, and Arabidopsis
    • Duret L, Mouchiroud D (1999). Expression pattern and, surprisingly, gene length shape codon usage in Caenorhabditis, Drosophila, and Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 4482-4487.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 4482-4487
    • Duret, L.1    Mouchiroud, D.2
  • 21
    • 0027525640 scopus 로고
    • Synonymous codon usage in Zea mays L. nuclear genes is varied by levels of C and G-ending codons
    • Fennoy SL, Bailey-Serres J (1993). Synonymous codon usage in Zea mays L. nuclear genes is varied by levels of C and G-ending codons. Nucleic Acids Res 21: 5294-5300.
    • (1993) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.21 , pp. 5294-5300
    • Fennoy, S.L.1    Bailey-Serres, J.2
  • 22
    • 0033168465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isochores result from mutation not selection
    • Francino HP, Ochman H (1999). Isochores result from mutation not selection. Nature 400: 30-31.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , pp. 30-31
    • Francino, H.P.1    Ochman, H.2
  • 23
    • 0020491327 scopus 로고
    • Codon usage in bacteria: Correlation with gene expressivity
    • Gouy M, Gautier C (1982). Codon usage in bacteria: correlation with gene expressivity. Nucleic Acids Res 10: 7055-7074.
    • (1982) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.10 , pp. 7055-7074
    • Gouy, M.1    Gautier, C.2
  • 24
    • 0036188913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between natural selection, recombination and gene density in the genes of Drosophila
    • Hey J, Kliman RM (2002). Interactions between natural selection, recombination and gene density in the genes of Drosophila. Genetics 160: 595-608.
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.160 , pp. 595-608
    • Hey, J.1    Kliman, R.M.2
  • 25
    • 0019474499 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between the abundance of Escherichia coli transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in its protein genes
    • Ikemura T (1981). Correlation between the abundance of Escherichia coli transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in its protein genes. J Mol Biol 146: 1-21.
    • (1981) J Mol Biol , vol.146 , pp. 1-21
    • Ikemura, T.1
  • 26
    • 0021958933 scopus 로고
    • Codon usage and tRNA content in unicellular and multicellular organisms
    • Ikemura T (1985). Codon usage and tRNA content in unicellular and multicellular organisms. Mol Biol Evol 2: 13-34.
    • (1985) Mol Biol Evol , vol.2 , pp. 13-34
    • Ikemura, T.1
  • 27
    • 0030803875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite polymorphism in natural populations of the wild plant Arabidopsis thaliana
    • Innan H, Terauchi R, Miyashita NT (1997). Microsatellite polymorphism in natural populations of the wild plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 146: 1441-1452.
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.146 , pp. 1441-1452
    • Innan, H.1    Terauchi, R.2    Miyashita, N.T.3
  • 28
    • 0037372775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extent of codon usage bias in human RNA viruses and its evolutionary origin
    • Jenkins GM, Holmes EC (2003). The extent of codon usage bias in human RNA viruses and its evolutionary origin. Virus Res 92: 1-7.
    • (2003) Virus Res , vol.92 , pp. 1-7
    • Jenkins, G.M.1    Holmes, E.C.2
  • 29
    • 0032882170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of codon usage and tRNA genes of 18 unicellular organisms and quantification of Bacillus subtilis tRNAs: Gene expression level and species-specific diversity of codon usage based on multivariate analysis
    • Kanaya S, Yamada Y, Kudo Y, Ikemura T (1999). Studies of codon usage and tRNA genes of 18 unicellular organisms and quantification of Bacillus subtilis tRNAs: gene expression level and species-specific diversity of codon usage based on multivariate analysis. Gene 238: 143-155.
    • (1999) Gene , vol.238 , pp. 143-155
    • Kanaya, S.1    Yamada, Y.2    Kudo, Y.3    Ikemura, T.4
  • 30
    • 0034821884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon usage and tRNA genes in eukaryotes: Correlation of codon usage diversity with translation efficiency and with CG-dinucleotide usage as assessed by multivariate analysis
    • Kanaya S, Yamada Y, Kinouchi M, Kudo Y, Ikemura T (2001). Codon usage and tRNA genes in eukaryotes: correlation of codon usage diversity with translation efficiency and with CG-dinucleotide usage as assessed by multivariate analysis. J Mol Evol 53: 290-298.
    • (2001) J Mol Evol , vol.53 , pp. 290-298
    • Kanaya, S.1    Yamada, Y.2    Kinouchi, M.3    Kudo, Y.4    Ikemura, T.5
  • 31
    • 0019296687 scopus 로고
    • A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitution through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences
    • Kimura M (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitution through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16: 111-120.
    • (1980) J Mol Evol , vol.16 , pp. 111-120
    • Kimura, M.1
  • 32
    • 0027383354 scopus 로고
    • Reduced natural selection associated with low recombination in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Kliman RM, Hey J (1993). Reduced natural selection associated with low recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Biol Evol 10: 1239-1258.
    • (1993) Mol Biol Evol , vol.10 , pp. 1239-1258
    • Kliman, R.M.1    Hey, J.2
  • 33
    • 0023064998 scopus 로고
    • Models of nearly neutral mutations with particular implications for nonrandom usage of synonymous codons
    • Li WH (1987). Models of nearly neutral mutations with particular implications for nonrandom usage of synonymous codons. J Mol Evol 24: 337-345.
    • (1987) J Mol Evol , vol.24 , pp. 337-345
    • Li, W.H.1
  • 34
    • 0035012056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synonymous codon usage, accuracy of translation, and gene length in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • Marais G, Duret L (2001). Synonymous codon usage, accuracy of translation, and gene length in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Mol Evol 52: 275-280.
    • (2001) J Mol Evol , vol.52 , pp. 275-280
    • Marais, G.1    Duret, L.2
  • 35
    • 0035877813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and prevention of a GC content bias in SAGE libraries
    • Margulies EH, Kardia SL, Innis JW (2001). Identification and prevention of a GC content bias in SAGE libraries. Nucleic Acids Res 29: E60.
    • (2001) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.29
    • Margulies, E.H.1    Kardia, S.L.2    Innis, J.W.3
  • 37
    • 0036017381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translation initiation AUG context varies with codon usage bias and gene length in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Miyasaka H (2002). Translation initiation AUG context varies with codon usage bias and gene length in Drosophila melanogaster. J Mol Evol 55: 52-64.
    • (2002) J Mol Evol , vol.55 , pp. 52-64
    • Miyasaka, H.1
  • 38
    • 0030731696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon usage bias and tRNA abundance in Drosophila
    • Moriyama EN, Powell JR (1997). Codon usage bias and tRNA abundance in Drosophila. J Mol Evol 45: 514-523.
    • (1997) J Mol Evol , vol.45 , pp. 514-523
    • Moriyama, E.N.1    Powell, J.R.2
  • 39
    • 0027328291 scopus 로고
    • Chloroplast DNA codon use: Evidence for selection at the psb A locus based on tRNA availability
    • Morton BR (1993). Chloroplast DNA codon use: evidence for selection at the psb A locus based on tRNA availability. J Mol Evol 37: 273-280.
    • (1993) J Mol Evol , vol.37 , pp. 273-280
    • Morton, B.R.1
  • 40
    • 0028354618 scopus 로고
    • Codon use and the rate of divergence of land plant chloroplast genes
    • Morton BR (1994). Codon use and the rate of divergence of land plant chloroplast genes. Mol Biol Evol 11: 231-238.
    • (1994) Mol Biol Evol , vol.11 , pp. 231-238
    • Morton, B.R.1
  • 41
    • 0031979388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection on the codon bias of chloroplast and cyanelle genes in different plant and algal lineages
    • Morton BR (1998). Selection on the codon bias of chloroplast and cyanelle genes in different plant and algal lineages. J Mol Evol 46: 449-459.
    • (1998) J Mol Evol , vol.46 , pp. 449-459
    • Morton, B.R.1
  • 43
    • 0023984847 scopus 로고
    • Optimal alignments in linear space
    • Myers EW, Miller W (1989). Optimal alignments in linear space. CABIOS 4: 11-17.
    • (1989) CABIOS , vol.4 , pp. 11-17
    • Myers, E.W.1    Miller, W.2
  • 44
    • 0038270852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative genomics of Physcomitrella patens gametophytic transcriptome and Arabidopsis thaliana: Implication for land plant evolution
    • Nishiyama T, Fujita T, Shin-I T, Seki M, Nishide H, Uchiyama I et al (2003). Comparative genomics of Physcomitrella patens gametophytic transcriptome and Arabidopsis thaliana: implication for land plant evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 8007-8012.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 8007-8012
    • Nishiyama, T.1    Fujita, T.2    Shin-I, T.3    Seki, M.4    Nishide, H.5    Uchiyama, I.6
  • 47
    • 0030861159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of codon usage bias in Drosophila
    • Powell JR, Moriyama EN (1997). Evolution of codon usage bias in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 7784-7790.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.94 , pp. 7784-7790
    • Powell, J.R.1    Moriyama, E.N.2
  • 50
    • 0033058358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetics of Physcomitrella
    • Reski R (1999). Molecular genetics of Physcomitrella. Planta 208: 301-309.
    • (1999) Planta , vol.208 , pp. 301-309
    • Reski, R.1
  • 51
    • 0032972599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DnaSP version 3: And integrated program for molecular population genetics and molecular evolution analysis
    • Rozas J, Rozas R 1999. DnaSP version 3: and integrated program for molecular population genetics and molecular evolution analysis. Bioinformatics 15: 174-175.
    • (1999) Bioinformatics , vol.15 , pp. 174-175
    • Rozas, J.1    Rozas, R.2
  • 52
    • 0035115728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene targeting in Physcomitrella patens
    • Schaefer DG (2001). Gene targeting in Physcomitrella patens. Curr Opin Plant Biol 4: 143-150.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Plant Biol , vol.4 , pp. 143-150
    • Schaefer, D.G.1
  • 53
    • 0037004346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new moss genetics: Targeted mutagenesis in Physcomitrella patens
    • Schaefer DG (2002). A new moss genetics: targeted mutagenesis in Physcomitrella patens. Annu Rev Plant Biol 53: 477-501.
    • (2002) Annu Rev Plant Biol , vol.53 , pp. 477-501
    • Schaefer, D.G.1
  • 54
    • 0031170922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient gene targeting in the moss Physcomitrella patens
    • Schaefer DG, Zryd JP (1997). Efficient gene targeting in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Plant J 11: 1195-1206.
    • (1997) Plant J , vol.11 , pp. 1195-1206
    • Schaefer, D.G.1    Zryd, J.P.2
  • 55
    • 0023274170 scopus 로고
    • The rate of synonymous substitution in enterobacterial genes is inversely related to codon usage bias
    • Sharp PM, Li WH (1987). The rate of synonymous substitution in enterobacterial genes is inversely related to codon usage bias. Mol Biol Evol 4: 223-230.
    • (1987) Mol Biol Evol , vol.4 , pp. 223-230
    • Sharp, P.M.1    Li, W.H.2
  • 56
    • 0024591558 scopus 로고
    • On the rate of DNA-sequence evolution in Drosophila
    • Sharp PM, Li WH (1989). On the rate of DNA-sequence evolution in Drosophila. J Mol Evol 28: 398-402.
    • (1989) J Mol Evol , vol.28 , pp. 398-402
    • Sharp, P.M.1    Li, W.H.2
  • 57
  • 58
    • 0027715731 scopus 로고
    • Codon usage: Mutational bias, translational selection, or both?
    • Sharp PM, Stenico M, Peden JF, Lloyd AT (1993). Codon usage: mutational bias, translational selection, or both? Biochem Soc Trans 21: 835-841.
    • (1993) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.21 , pp. 835-841
    • Sharp, P.M.1    Stenico, M.2    Peden, J.F.3    Lloyd, A.T.4
  • 60
    • 0024116811 scopus 로고
    • Silent sites in Drosophila genes are not neutral: Evidence of selection among synonymous codons
    • Shields DC, Sharp PM, Higgins DG, Wright F (1988). Silent sites in Drosophila genes are not neutral: evidence of selection among synonymous codons. Mol Biol Evol 5: 704-716.
    • (1988) Mol Biol Evol , vol.5 , pp. 704-716
    • Shields, D.C.1    Sharp, P.M.2    Higgins, D.G.3    Wright, F.4
  • 61
    • 0028359705 scopus 로고
    • Codon usage in Caenorhabditis elegans: Delineation of translational selection and mutational bias
    • Stenico M, Lloyd AT, Sharp PM (1994). Codon usage in Caenorhabditis elegans: delineation of translational selection and mutational bias. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 2437-2446.
    • (1994) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.22 , pp. 2437-2446
    • Stenico, M.1    Lloyd, A.T.2    Sharp, P.M.3
  • 62
    • 0347704334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic variation in the Sphagnum recurvum complex: A cultivation experiment
    • Stenøien H, Bakken S, Flatberg KI (1997). Phenotypic variation in the Sphagnum recurvum complex: a cultivation experiment. J Bryol 19: 731-750.
    • (1997) J Bryol , vol.19 , pp. 731-750
    • Stenøien, H.1    Bakken, S.2    Flatberg, K.I.3
  • 63
    • 0345086464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure in three haploid peat mosses (Sphagnum)
    • Stenøien HK, Såstad SM (1999). Genetic structure in three haploid peat mosses (Sphagnum). Heredity 82: 391-400.
    • (1999) Heredity , vol.82 , pp. 391-400
    • Stenøien, H.K.1    Såstad, S.M.2
  • 64
    • 0034493542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variability in the rare Norwegian peat moss Sphagnum troendelagicum
    • Stenøien HK, Flatberg KI (2000). Genetic variability in the rare Norwegian peat moss Sphagnum troendelagicum. Bryologist 103: 794-801.
    • (2000) Bryologist , vol.103 , pp. 794-801
    • Stenøien, H.K.1    Flatberg, K.I.2
  • 65
    • 0032516067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant nuclear gene knockout reveals a role in plastid division for the homolog of the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ, an ancestral tubulin
    • Strepp R, Scholz S, Kruse S, Speth V, Reski R (1998). Plant nuclear gene knockout reveals a role in plastid division for the homolog of the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ, an ancestral tubulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 4368-4373.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 4368-4373
    • Strepp, R.1    Scholz, S.2    Kruse, S.3    Speth, V.4    Reski, R.5
  • 66
    • 0037461297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of habitat fragmentation on levels and patterns of genetic diversity in natural populations of the peat moss Polytrichum commune
    • Wilson PJ, Provan J (2003). Effect of habitat fragmentation on levels and patterns of genetic diversity in natural populations of the peat moss Polytrichum commune. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 270: 881-886.
    • (2003) Proc R Soc Lond Ser B , vol.270 , pp. 881-886
    • Wilson, P.J.1    Provan, J.2
  • 67
    • 0024497416 scopus 로고
    • Mutation rates differ among regions of the mammalian genome
    • Wolfe K, Sharp PM, Li WH (1989). Mutation rates differ among regions of the mammalian genome. Nature 337: 283-285.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.337 , pp. 283-285
    • Wolfe, K.1    Sharp, P.M.2    Li, W.H.3
  • 68
    • 0025318864 scopus 로고
    • The 'effective number of codons' used in a gene
    • Wright F (1990). The 'effective number of codons' used in a gene. Gene 87: 23-29.
    • (1990) Gene , vol.87 , pp. 23-29
    • Wright, F.1
  • 69
    • 0001571338 scopus 로고
    • High levels of genetic variability in the haploid moss Plagiomnium ciliare
    • Wyatt R, Odrzykoski IJ, Stoneburner A (1989). High levels of genetic variability in the haploid moss Plagiomnium ciliare. Evolution 43: 1085-1096.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1085-1096
    • Wyatt, R.1    Odrzykoski, I.J.2    Stoneburner, A.3
  • 70
    • 0034848170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DAMBE: Data analysis in molecular biology and evolution
    • Xia X, Xie Z (2001). DAMBE: data analysis in molecular biology and evolution. J Hered 92: 371-373.
    • (2001) J Hered , vol.92 , pp. 371-373
    • Xia, X.1    Xie, Z.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.