Caught between state-sovereign rights and property rights: Regulating biodiversity

Review of International Political Economy

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 736-762

  Çoban, Aykut ^a  

^a ANKARA UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Commodification of life; Exclusivity; Externalisation of nature and labour; Life patenting; Rhetorical distinctions; Sovereignty

Indexed keywords

EID: 10844235696     PISSN: 09692290     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0969229042000279793     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Arthur, C. (1985) 'Personality and the Dialectic of Labour and Property - Locke, Hegel and Marx', in R. Edgley and R. Osborne (eds) Radical Philosophy Reader, London: Verso, 43-68.
2. Attfield, R. (1999) The Ethics of the Global Environment, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
3. Balibar, E. (1994) Masses, Classes, Ideas: Studies on Politics and Philosophy Before and After Marx (trans. J. Swenson), New York and London: Routledge.
4. Benton, T. (1988) 'Humanism=Speciesism: Marx on Humans and Animals', Radical Philosophy, 50(Autumn): 4-18.
5. Blais, F. (2002) 'The Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits from the Exploitation of Genetic Resources: A Difficult Transition from Principles to Reality', in P. G. Le Prestre (ed.) Governing Global Biodiversity: The Evolution and Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Aldershot: Ashgate, 145-57.
6. Blakeney, M. (2002) 'Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights', European Intellectual Property Review, 24(1): 9-19.
7. Boyle, A. E. (1996) 'The Rio Convention on Biological Diversity', in M. Bowman and C. Redgwell (eds.) International Law and the Conservation of Biological Diversity, London, The Hague and Boston: Kluwer Law International, 33-49.
8. Breen, S. D. (2001) 'Ecocentrism, Weighted Interests and Property Theory', Environmental Politics, 10(1): 36-51.
9. Burrows, B. (2001) 'Safety First', in B. Tokar (ed.) Redesigning Life? The Worldwide Challenge to Genetic Engineering, London and New York: Zed Books, 67-74.
10. Child, J. W. (1997) 'The Moral Foundations of Intangible Property', in A. D. Moore (ed.) Intellectual Property: Moral, Legal, and International Dilemmas, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 57-80.
11. Conca, K. (1994) 'Rethinking the Ecology-Sovereignty Debate', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 23(3): 701-11.
12. Cooper, D. (1991) 'Genes for Sustainable Development', in V. Shiva et al., Biodiversity: Social and Ecological Perspectives, London and New York: Zed Books, 105-20.
13. Cornish, W. R. (1999) Intellectual Property: Patents, Copyrights, Trade Marks and Allied Rights, London: Sweet and Maxwell.
14. Correa, C. M. (2000) Intellectual Property Rights, the WTO and Developing Countries, London and New York: Zed Books.
15. Cottier, T. (1998) 'The WTO and Environmental Law: Three Points for Discussion', in A. Fijalkowski and J. Cameron (eds) Trade and the Environment: Bridging the Gap, The Hague: Cameron May Ltd., 56-64.
16. Cutler, A. C. (1997) 'Artifice, Ideology and Paradox: The Public/Private Distinction in International Law', Review of International Political Economy, 4(2): 261-85.
17. Dawson, A. (1998) 'The Intellectual Commons: A Rationale for Regulation', Prometheus, 16(3): 275-89.
18. de la Perrière, R. A. B. and Seuret, F. (2000) Brave New Seeds: The Threat of GM Crops to Farmers, London and New York: Zed.
19. Decision III/17 of the 3rd Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the CBD, 'Intellectual Property Rights', available at www.biodiv.org/decisions.
20. Dickens, P. (2002) 'A Green Marxism? Labour Processes, Alienation, and the Division of Labour', in R. E. Dunlop, F. H. Buttel, P. Dickens and A. Gijswijt (eds) Sociological Theory and the Environment: Classical Foundations, Contemporary Insights, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 51-72.
21. Drahos, P. (1996) A Philosophy of Intellectual Property, Aldershot: Dartmouth.
22. Dunkley, G. (2000) The Free Trade Adventure: The WTO, the Uruguay Round and Globalism - A Critique, London and New York: Zed Books.
23. Dutfield, G. (2000) Intellectual Property Rights, Trade and Biodiversity, London: Earthscan.
24. Eckersley, R. (1992) Environmentalism and Political Theory: Toward an Ecocentric Approach, Albany: State University of New York Press.
25. Falkner, R. (2001) 'Business Conflict and US International Environmental Policy: Ozone, Climate, and Biodiversity', in P. G. Harris (ed.) The Environment, International Relations and US Foreign Policy, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 157-77.
26. Fischer-Kowalski, M. and Haberl, H. (1993) 'Metabolism and Colonization: Modes of Production and the Physical Exchange between Societies and Nature', Innovation, 6(4): 415-42.
27. Flitner, M. (1998) 'Biodiversity: Of Local Commons and Global Commodities', in M. Goldman (ed.) Privatizing Nature: Political Struggles for the Global Commons, London: Pluto, 144-66.
28. Foster, J. B. (2000) Marx's Ecology: Materialism and Nature, New York: Monthly Review Press.
29. Frow, J. (1996) 'Information as a Gift and Commodity', New Left Review (I), 219: 89-108.
30. Gill, S. and Law, D. (1993) 'Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital', in S. Gill (ed.) Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 93-124.
31. Görg, C. and Brand, U. (2000) 'Global Environmental Politics and Competition Between Nation-States: On the Regulation of Biological Diversity', Review of International Political Economy, 7(3): 371-98.
32. Guay, L. (2002) 'The Science and Policy of Global Biodiversity Protection', in P. G. Le Prestre (ed.) Governing Global Biodiversity: The Evolution and Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Aldershot: Ashgate, 207-31.
33. Hardin, G. (1968) 'The Tragedy of the Commons', Science, 162(3859): 1243-48.
34. Harvey, D. (2003) The New Imperialism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
35. Heald, P. J. (2003) 'The Rhetoric of Biopiracy', Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law, 11(Summer): 519-44.
36. Heywood, A. (1999) Political Theory: An Introduction, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
37. Holloway, J. and Picciotto, S. (1977) 'Capital, Crisis and the State', Capital & Class, 2(Summer): 76-101.
38. Hughes, J. (1997) 'The Philosophy of Intellectual Property', in A. D. Moore (ed.) Intellectual Property: Moral, Legal, and International Dilemmas, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 107-77.
39. Johnston, S. (1996) 'Sustainability, Biodiversity and International Law', in M. Bowman and C. Redgwell (eds) International Law and the Conservation of Biological Diversity, London, The Hague and Boston: Kluwer Law International, 51-69.
40. Kuehls, T. (1996) Beyond Sovereign Territory: The Space of Ecopolitics, Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press.
41. Kloppenburg, J. R. and Kleinman, D. L. (1988) 'Seeds of Controversy : National Property Versus Common Heritage', in J. R. Kloppenburg (ed.) Seeds and Sovereignty: The Use and Control of Plant Genetic Resources, Durham and London: Duke University Press, 173-203.
42. Lappé, M. and Bailey, B. (1999) Against the Grain: The Genetic Transformation of Global Agriculture, London: Earthscan.
43. Leskien, D. and Flitner, M. (1997) Intellectual Property Rights and Plant Genetic Resources: Option for a Sui Generis System, Rome: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
44. Locke, J. (1988 [1689]) in P. Laslett (ed.) Two Treaties of Government, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
45. Manent, P. (1994) An Intellectual History of Liberalism (trans. R. Balinski), Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
46. Manning, F. C. R. (2000) 'Biotechnology: A Scientific Perspective', in A. Russell and J. Vogler (eds) The International Politics of Biotechnology: Investigating Global Futures, Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 13-29.
47. Martinez-Alier, J. (1997) 'The Merchandising of Biodiversity' in T. Hayward and J. O'Neill (eds) Justice, Property and the Environment: Social and Legal Perspectives, Aldershot: Ashgate, 194-211.
48. Marx, K. (1976) Capital (Vol. I), Harmondsworth: Penguin.
49. May, C. (2000) A Global Political Economy of Intellectual Property Rights, London and New York: Routledge.
50. May, C. (2002a) 'Trouble in E-topia: Knowledge as Intellectual Property', Urban Studies, 39(5-6): 1037-49.
51. May, C. (2002b) 'The Political Economy of Proximity: Intellectual Property and the Global Division of Information Labour', New Political Economy, 7(3): 317-42.
52. McCormell, F. (1997) 'The Convention on Biological Diversity', in F. Dodds (ed.) The Way Forward: Beyond Agenda 22, London: Earthscan, 47-54.
53. Meyer, J. M. (2000) 'Rights to Life? On Nature, Property and Biotechnology', The Journal of Political Philosophy, 8(2): 154-75.
54. Monbiot, G. (2000) Captive State: The Corporate Takeover of Britain, London: Macmillan.
55. Moore, A. D. (1997) 'Toward a Lockean Theory of Intellectual Property', in A. D. Moore (ed.) Intellectual Property: Moral, Legal, and International Dilemmas, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 81-103.
56. Naess, A. (1989) Ecology, Community and Life Style (trans. D. Rothenberg), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
57. Nottingham, S. (1998) Eat Your Genes: How Genetically Modified Food is Entering Our Diet, London and New York: Zed Books.
58. O'Connor, J. (1998) Natural Causes: Essays in Ecological Marxism, New York and London: The Guilford Press.
59. O'Neill, J. (1997) 'King Darius and the Environmental Economist', in T. Hayward and J. O'Neill (eds) Justice, Property and the Environment: Social and Legal Perspectives, Aldershot: Ashgate, 114-30.
60. Ostergard, R. L. (1999) 'Intellectual Property: A Universal Human Right?', Human Rights Quarterly, 21(1): 156-78.
61. Palan, R. (2000) 'New Trends in Global Political Economy', in R. Palan (ed.) Global Political Economy: Contemporary Theories, London and New York: Routledge, 1-18.
62. Parson, E. A. (1993) 'Protecting the Ozone Layer', in P. M. Hass, R. O. Keohane and M. A. Levy (eds) Institutions for the Earth: Sources of Effective International Environmental Protection, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 27-73.
63. Picciotto, S. and Campbell, D. (2003) 'Whose Molecule Is It Anyway? Private and Social Perspectives on Intellectual Property', in A. Hudson (ed.) New Perspectives on Property Law, Obligations and Restitution, London: Cavendish (forthcoming) available at www.lancs.ac.uk/staff/lwasp/solhome.htm
64. Poulantzas, N. (1978) State, Power, Socialism (trans. T. O'Hagan), London: New Left Books.
65. Powledge, F. (1995) 'Who Owns Rice and Beans', BioSdence, 45(7): 440-45.
66. Rifkin, J. (1998) The Biotech Century, New York: Tarcher/Putnam.
67. Rosendal, G. K. (1999) 'Biodiversity: Between Diverse International Arenas', in H. D. Bergesen, G. Parmann and Ø. B. Thommessen (eds) Yearbook of International Co-operation on Environment and Development 1999/2000, London: Earthscan: 39-47.
68. Russell, A. (2000) 'Biotechnology and International Political Economy: Actor-Networks in the Knowledge Structure', in A. Russell and J. Vogler (eds) The International Politics of Biotechnology: Investigating Global Futures, Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 85-99.
69. Ryan, A. (1984) Property and Political Theory, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
70. Saurin, J. (2001) 'Global Environmental Crisis at the 'Disaster Triumphant': The Private Capture of Public Goods', Environmental Politics, 10(4): 63-84.
71. Schücking, H. and Anderson, P. (1991) 'Voices Unheard and Unheeded', in V. Shiva et al, Biodiversity: Social and Ecological Perspectives, London and New York: Zed Books, 13-42.
72. Sedjo, R. A. (1988) 'Property Rights and the Protection of Plant Genetic Resources', in J. R. Kloppenburg (ed.) Seeds and Sovereignty: The Use and Control of Plant Genetic Resources, Durham and London: Duke University Press, 293-314.
73. Sell, S. K. (1999) 'Multinational Corporations as Agents of Change: The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights', in A. C. Cutler, V. Haufler and T. Porter (eds) Private Authority and International Affairs, Albany: State University of New York Press, 169-97.
74. Sell, S. and May, C. (2001) 'Moments in Law: Contestation and Settlement in the History of Intellectual Property', Review of International Political Economy, 8(3): 467-500.
75. Shiva, V. (2000) Tomorrow's Biodiversity, London: Thames & Hudson.
76. Shiva, V. (2001) Protect or Plunder? Understanding Intellectual Property Rights, London and New York: Zed.
77. Stoll, P. T. (2000) 'Controlling the Risks of Genetically Modified Organisms: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the SPS Agreement', in J. Brunnée and E. Hey (eds) Yearbook of International Environmental Law 1999 (Vol. 10), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 82-119.
78. Strange, S. (1988) States and Markets, London: Pinter Publishers.
79. Swanson, T. (1999) 'Global Development and Global Externalities: A Case Study of the Need to Regulate Biodiversity's Decline', in T. Swanson and S. Johnston, Global Environmental Problems and International Environmental Agreements, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 52-68.
80. Tansey, G. (1999) Trade, Intellectual Property, Food and Biodiversity, London: Quaker Peace and Service, also available at www.quaker.org/quno.
81. Tarasofsky, R. G. (1997) 'The Relationship Between the TRIPs Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity: Towards a Pragmatic Approach', Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 6(2): 148-56.
82. UNEP/CBD/COP/3/22, 'The Impact of Intellectual Property Rights Systems on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity and on the Equitable Sharing of Benefits from Its Use', available at http://www.biodiv.org/ doc/meetings/cop/cop-03/official/cop-03-22-en.pdf
83. UNEP/CBD/COP/3/23, 'The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS): Relationships and Synergies' available at www.biodiv.org/doc/meetings/cop/cop-3/ official/cop-03-23-en.pdf
84. Vogler, J. (1995) The Global Commons: A Regime Analysis, Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
85. Vogler, J. and McGraw, D. (2000) 'An International Environmental Regime for Biotechnology', in A. Russell and J. Vogler (eds) The International Politics of Biotechnology: Investigating Global Futures, Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 123-41.
86. Walden, I. (1996) 'Intellectual Property Rights and Biodiversity', in M. Bowman and C. Redgwell (eds.) International Law and the Conservation of Biological Diversity, London, The Hague and Boston: Kluwer Law International, 171-89.
87. Williams, O. (2000) 'Life Patents, TRIPs and the International Political Economy of Biotechnology', in A. Russell and J. Vogler (eds) The International Politics of Biotechnology: Investigating Global Futures, Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 67-84.
88. Wilson, K. A. (2001) 'Exclusive Rights, Enclosure and the Patenting of Life', in B. Tokar (ed.) Redesigning Life? The Worldwide Challenge to Genetic Engineering, London and New York: Zed Books, 290-96.
89. Wood, E. M. (1981) 'The Separation of the Economic and the Political in Capitalism, New Left Review (I), 127(May-June): 66-95.
90. Woodliffe, J. (1996) 'Biodiversity and Indigenous Peoples', in M. Bowman and C. Redgwell (eds) International Law and the Conservation of Biological Diversity, London, The Hague and Boston: Kluwer Law International, 255-69.
91. World Resources Institute (2000) World Resources 2000-2001 People and Ecosystems: The Fraying Web of Life, Washington.
92. Zerda-Sarmiento, A. and Forero-Pineda, C. (2002) 'Intellectual Property Rights Over Ethnic Communities Knowledge', International Social Science Journal, 54(171): 99-114.