Stabilization of film morphology in polymer-fullerene heterojunction solar cells

Journal of Macromolecular Science - Pure and Applied Chemistry

Volumn 41 A, Issue 12, 2004, Pages 1467-1487

  Zhu, Z ^a   Hadjikyriacou, S ^a   Waller, D ^a   Gaudiana, R ^a  

^a KONARKA TECHNOLOGIES INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Film morphology; Fullerene C60; Heterojunction solar cells; Polymer photovoltaics; Polythiophene

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS; FULLERENES; HETEROJUNCTIONS; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY;

FILM MORPHOLOGY; FULLERENE C60; HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS; POLYMER PHOTOVOLTAICS; POLYTHIOPENE;

SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 10644274458     PISSN: 10601325     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/MA-200035416     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (17)

1. (a) Brabec, C.J.; Sariciftci, N.S.; Hummelen, J.C. Plastic solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2001, 11, 15-26;
2. (b) Brabec, C.J.; Shaheen, S.E.; Winder, C.; Sariciftci, N.S.; Denk, P. Effect of LiF/metal electrodes on the performance of plastic solar cells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 1288-1290;
3. (c) Brabec, C.J.; Cravino, A.; Meissner, D.; Sariciftci, N.S.; Rispens, M.T.; Sanchez, L.; Hummelen, J.C.; Fromherz, T. The influence of materials work function on the open circuit voltage of plastic solar cells. Thin Solid Films 2002, 403-404, 368-372;
4. (d) Padinger, F.; Rittberger, R.S.; Sariciftci, N.S. Effects of postproduction treatment on plastic solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2003, 13, 85-88;
5. (e) Shaheen, S.E.; Radspinner, R.; Peyghambarian, N.; Jabbour, G.E. Fabrication of bulk heterojunction plastic solar cells by screen printing. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 2996-2998;
6. (f) Shaheen, S.E.; Brabec, C.J.; Sariciftci, N.S.; Padinger, F.; Fromherz, T.; Hummelen, J.C. 2.5% Efficient organic plastic solar cells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78, 841-843.
7. Gebeyehu, D.; Brabec, C.J.; Padinger, F.; Fromherz, T.; Hummelen, J.C.; Badt, D.; Schindler, H.; Sariciftci, N.S. The interplay of efficiency and morphology in photovoltaic devices based on interpenetrating networks of conjugated polymers with fullerenes. Synth. Met. 2001, 118, 1-9.
8. Martens, T.; D'Haen, J.D.; Munters, T.; Beelen, Z.; Goris, L.; Manca, J. ; D'Olieslaeger, M.; Vanderzande, D.; De Schepper, L.; Andriessen, R. Disclosure of the nanostructure of MDMO-PPV: PCBM bulk hetero-junction organic solar cells by a combination of SPM and TEM. Synth. Met. 2003, 138, 243-247.
9. Hummelen, J.C.; Knight, B.W.; LePeq, F.; Wudl, F.; Yao, J.; Wilkins, C.L. Preparation and characterization of fulleroid and methanofullerene derivatives, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 532-8.
10. (a) Pinzino, C.S.; Chappelow, C.C.; Holder, A.J.; Morrill, J.A.; Harris, C.D.; Power, M.D.; Eick, J.D. Visible light-induced polymerization of monooxiranes and 1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecanes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2002, 85, 159-168;
11. (b) Oyama, T.; Yamashita, T.; Suzuki, T.; Ebitani, K.; Hoshino, M.; Iijima, T.; Tomoi, M. Photo-crosslinking of polystyrenes having pendant epoxy groups. React. Funct. Polym. 2001, 49, 99-116;
12. (c) Liu, J.-H.; Lin, S.-H.; Shih, J.-C. Preparation and characterization of photoreactive copolymers containing curable pendants for positive photoresist. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001, 80, 328-333;
13. (d) Shirai, M.; Sumino, T.; Tsunooka, M. Polysiloxane formation at the irradiated surface of polymers containing both photoacid generating units and epoxy units. Eur. Polym. J. 1997, 33, 1255-1262.
14. Miyamoto, M.; Saeki, Y.; Lee, C.W.; Kimura, Y.; Maeda, H.; Tsutsui, T. Novel isomerization polymerization of glycidyl acetate to produce a poly(ortho ester). Macromolecules 1997, 30, 6067-6073.
15. (a) Elicabe, G.E.; Larrondo, H.A.; Williams, R.J.J. Light scattering in the course of a polymerization-induced phase separation by a nucleation-growth mechanism. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 8173-8182;
16. (b) Takeno, H.; Iwata, M.; Takenaka, M.; Hashimoto, T. Combined light scattering and laser scanning confocal microscopy studies of a polymer mixture involving a percolation-to-cluster transition. Macromolecules 2000, 33, 9657-9665;
17. Merfeld, G.D.; Paul, D.R. Light scattering characterization of tetramethyl polycarbonate blends with polystyrene and with styrene-pentabromobenzyl acrylate copolymers. Polymer 1999, 41, 649-661.